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Del Chicca F, Salesov E, Joerger F, Richter H, Reusch CE, Kircher PR. Perfusion-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the liver, spleen, and kidneys of healthy adult male cats. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:159-167. [PMID: 30681350 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe perfusion and diffusion characteristics of the liver, spleen, and kidneys of healthy adult male cats as determined by morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI. ANIMALS 12 healthy adult male cats. PROCEDURES Each cat was anesthetized. Morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI of the cranial aspect of the abdomen was performed. A region of interest (ROI) was established on MRI images for each of the following structures: liver, spleen, cortex and medulla of both kidneys, and skeletal muscle. Signal intensity was determined, and a time-intensity curve was generated for each ROI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated for the hepatic and splenic parenchyma and kidneys on diffusion-weighted MRI images. The normalized ADC for the liver was calculated as the ratio of the ADC for the hepatic parenchyma to the ADC for the splenic parenchyma. RESULTS Perfusion-weighted MRI variables differed among the 5 ROIs. Median ADC of the hepatic parenchyma was 1.38 × 10-3 mm2/s, and mean ± SD normalized ADC for the liver was 1.86 ± 0.18. Median ADC of the renal cortex and renal medulla was 1.65 × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.93 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provided preliminary baseline information about the diffusion and perfusion characteristics of structures in the cranial aspect of the abdomen of healthy adult male cats. Additional studies of cats of different sex and age groups as well as with and without cranial abdominal pathological conditions are necessary to validate and refine these findings.
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Mik P, Tonar Z, Malečková A, Eberlová L, Liška V, Pálek R, Rosendorf J, Jiřík M, Mírka H, Králíčková M, Witter K. Distribution of Connective Tissue in the Male and Female Porcine Liver: Histological Mapping and Recommendations for Sampling. J Comp Pathol 2018; 162:1-13. [PMID: 30060837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pig is a large animal model that is often used in experimental medicine. The aim of this study was to assess, in normal pig livers, sexual dimorphism in the normal fraction of hepatic interlobular and intralobular connective tissue (CT) in six hepatic lobes and in three macroscopical regions of interest (ROIs) with different positions relative to the liver vasculature. Using stereological point grids, the fractions of CT were quantified in histological sections stained with aniline blue and nuclear fast red. Samples (415 tissue blocks) were collected from healthy piglets, representing paracaval, paraportal and peripheral ROIs. There was considerable variability in the CT fraction at all sampling levels. In males the mean fraction of interlobular CT was 4.7 ± 2.4% (mean ± SD) and ranged from 0% to 11.4%. In females the mean fraction of the interlobular CT was 3.6 ± 2.2% and ranged from 0% to 12.3%. The mean fraction of intralobular (perisinusoidal summed with pericentral) CT was <0.2% in both sexes. The interlobular CT represented >99.8% of the total hepatic CT and the fractions were highly correlated (Spearman r = 0.998, P <0.05). The smallest CT fraction was observed in the left medial lobe and in the paracaval ROI and the largest CT fraction was detected in the quadrate lobe and in the peripheral ROI. For planning experiments involving the histological quantification of liver fibrosis and requiring comparison between the liver lobes, these data facilitate the power analysis for sample size needed to detect the expected relative increase or decrease in the fraction of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mik
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Z Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - A Malečková
- European Centre of Excellence NTIS, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 22, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - L Eberlová
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - V Liška
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - R Pálek
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - J Rosendorf
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Jiřík
- European Centre of Excellence NTIS, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 22, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - H Mírka
- Department of Imaging Methods and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, University Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - M Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarska 48, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - K Witter
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, Austria
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Hu XD, Geng HY, Wang L, Xu HF, Su Y, Liang S, Qian LX. Supersonic Shear Wave Imaging of the Spleen for Staging of Liver Fibrosis in Rats. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:2343-2351. [PMID: 28705556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the work described here was to explore the cause of spleen stiffness (SS) in hepatic fibrogenesis and evaluate the value of SS in liver fibrosis (LF) staging. LF was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats (n = 40). Supersonic shear wave imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound were performed to determine liver stiffness (LS), SS and splenic hemodynamics. SS, LS and free portal pressure exhibited moderate correlations with fibrosis stage (r = 0.744-0.835, p < 0.001). Time-intensity curves of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the spleen were presented as decreasing peak intensity and slope of decrease, and increasing time to peak. Splenic sinus dilation and congestion were observed on histopathologic analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SS was higher than that of LS for differentiating LF stages 0-2 from stages 3-4 (Z = 2.293, p = 0.02). SS is a reliable diagnostic marker for the assessment of LF in the CCl4 model, especially for severe fibrosis. Elevated portal pressure is the cause of increasing SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Ying Geng
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu-Feng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Xue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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