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Darmadi D, Aminov Z, Hjazi A, R R, Kazmi SW, Mustafa YF, Hosseen B, Sharma A, Alubiady MHS, Al-Abdeen SHZ. Investigation of the regulation of EGF signaling by miRNAs, delving into the underlying mechanism and signaling pathways in cancer. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114267. [PMID: 39313176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The EGF receptors (EGFRs) signaling pathway is essential for tumorigenesis and progression of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs are essential regulators of EGF signaling, influencing various pathway components and tumor behavior. This article discusses the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of miRNA-mediated regulation of EGF signaling in cancer. miRNAs utilize multiple mechanisms to exert their regulatory effects on EGF signaling. They can target EGF ligands, including EGF and TGF-directly, inhibiting their expression and secretion. In addition, miRNAs can modulate EGF signaling indirectly by targeting EGF receptors, downstream signaling molecules, and transcription factors implicated in regulating the EGF pathway. These miRNAs can disrupt the delicate equilibrium of EGF signaling, resulting in aberrant activation and fostering tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The dysregulation of the expression of specific miRNAs has been linked to clinical outcomes in numerous types of cancer. Specific profiles of miRNA expression have been identified as prognostic markers, reflecting tumor characteristics, invasiveness, metastatic potential, and therapeutic response. These miRNAs can serve as potential therapeutic targets for interventions that modulate EGF signaling and improve patient outcomes. Understanding the intricate relationship between miRNAs and EGF signaling in cancer can transform cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The identification of specific miRNAs involved in the regulation of the EGF pathway opens the door to the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches. In addition, miRNA-based interventions promise to overcome therapeutic resistance and improve the efficacy of existing treatments. miRNAs are crucial regulators of EGF signaling in cancer, affecting tumor behavior and clinical outcomes. Further research is required to decipher the complex network of miRNA-mediated EGF signaling regulation and translate these findings into clinically applicable strategies for enhanced cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darmadi Darmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
| | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Roopashree R
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Syeda Wajida Kazmi
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq.
| | - Beneen Hosseen
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; Medical Laboratory Technique College, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
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Yan J, Chen S, Yi Z, Zhao R, Zhu J, Ding S, Wu J. The role of p21 in cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Mol Cells 2024:100113. [PMID: 39304134 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
During the aging process or disease progression, normal cells and tissues in the body undergo various stresses, leading to cell damage and the need for repair, adaptation, apoptosis, or defense responses. Cellular senescence is a key player in this process, influencing the rate of aging and disease progression. It can be triggered by different stress factors, resulting in irreversible cell cycle arrest and functional decline. Senescent cells often show high expression of cell cycle factors like p21 and p16, which are involved in cell cycle arrest. p16 has long been recognized as a significant marker of aging. Recent evidence suggests that p21high cells and p16high cells represent distinct cell populations in terms of cell type, tissue location, accumulation kinetics, and physiological functions. This article focuses on recent advancements in understanding p21-dependent cellular senescence. It starts by providing an overview of the role of p21 in three primary cellular senescence phenotypes where it plays a crucial role. It then delves into the pathogenesis of diseases closely linked to p21-dependent cellular senescence, particularly metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The article also discusses progress in p21-related animal models and outlines strategies for utilizing p21 to intervene in cellular senescence by delaying aging, eliminating senescent cells, and rejuvenating senescent cells. This review systematically examines the pathogenesis of p21-dependent cellular senescence, emphasizing its importance in studying aging heterogeneity and developing new senolytic therapies. It aims to stimulate future research on leveraging p21 to enhance the characteristics of senescent cells, allowing more precise methods for eliminating harmful senescent cells at the right time, thereby delaying aging and potentially achieving rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Research Institute of Stomatology & Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Research Institute of Stomatology & Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimei Yi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Research Institute of Stomatology & Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruowen Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Research Institute of Stomatology & Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Research Institute of Stomatology & Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Research Institute of Stomatology & Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Research Institute of Stomatology & Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Li Z, Sun X. Epigenetic regulation in liver regeneration. Life Sci 2024; 353:122924. [PMID: 39038511 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The liver is considered unique in its enormous capacity for regeneration and self-repair. In contrast to other regenerative organs (i.e., skin, skeletal muscle, and intestine), whether the adult liver contains a defined department of stem cells is still controversial. In order to compensate for the massive loss of hepatocytes following liver injury, the liver processes a precisely controlled transcriptional reprogram that can trigger cell proliferation and cell-fate switch. Epigenetic events are thought to regulate the organization of chromatin architecture and gene transcription during the liver regenerative process. In this review, we will summarize how changes to the chromatin by epigenetic modifiers are translated into cell fate transitions to restore liver homeostasis during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250117 Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyue Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Dong Y, Zhang Y, Feng Y, An W. The protective roles of augmenter of liver regeneration in hepatocytes in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928606. [PMID: 36304168 PMCID: PMC9592723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs in 25% of the global population and manifests as lipid deposition, hepatocyte injury, activation of Kupffer and stellate cells, and steatohepatitis. Predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, the augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a key factor in liver regulation that can alleviate fatty liver disease and protect the liver from abnormal liver lipid metabolism. ALR has three isoforms (15-, 21-, and 23-kDa), amongst which 23-kDa ALR is the most extensively studied. The 23-kDa ALR isoform is a sulfhydryl oxidase that resides primarily in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), whereby it protects the liver against various types of injury. In this review, we describe the role of ALR in regulating hepatocytes in the context of NAFLD. We also discuss questions about ALR that remain to be explored in the future. In conclusion, ALR appears to be a promising therapeutic target for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejie Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingmei Feng, ; Wei An,
| | - Wei An
- Department of Cell Biology, Capital Medical University and the Municipal Key Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingmei Feng, ; Wei An,
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5
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Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) Protects Kidney from Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury via Regulation of TLR4/MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6869730. [PMID: 35983075 PMCID: PMC9381282 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6869730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can mediate innate activation and inflammation, and it is typically expressed within the ischemic kidney. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) acts as an immunoregulator with a high expression in the kidney induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Exogenous ALR has indicated a role in protecting the kidney from I/R injury. The protective effect of ALR is due to the immune regulatory function which remains to be elucidated. In this study, rats induced by renal I/R were treated with recombinant human ALR (rhALR) and demonstrated that the animals were protected from kidney I/R injury, implying that the rhALR-treated rats had less tubular damage than those untreated rats. Meanwhile, tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, neutrophil (24 h) and macrophage (72 h) infiltration to tubulointerstitium, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were decreased considerably in the rhALR-treated rats as compared to control. Additionally, rhALR could downregulate mRNA expression of TLR4 endogenous ligands and restrain its activation in renal I/R injury rats. It has also been proved that anti-rhALR antibody blocked the inhibition of rhALR of the immune inflammatory response in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro. In rhALR+anti-rhALR antibody-intervened H/R cells, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was upregulated compared with the rhALR-treated cells. Taken together, rhALR could regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway to relieve inflammatory response, thereby protecting renal I/R injury, indicating that ALR is likely to be introduced to develop novel immune therapies for renal I/R injury.
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Qing Z, Huang H, Luo Q, Lin J, Yang S, Liu T, Zeng Z, Ming T. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation of mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: miRNA-mRNA expression analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8666-8678. [PMID: 34672871 PMCID: PMC8806994 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1988371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the initial stage of liver regeneration (LR), hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) initiate regeneration in a hypoxic environment. However, the role of LSECs in liver regeneration in hypoxic environments and their specific molecular mechanism is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the miRNA-mRNA network that regulates the proliferation of LSECs during hypoxia. In this study, first, we found that the proliferation ability of primary LSECs treated with hypoxia was enhanced compared with the control group, and then whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen 1837 differentially expressed (DE) genes and 17 DE miRNAs. Subsequently, the bioinformatics method was used to predict the target genes of miRNAs, and 309 pairs of interacting miRNA-mRNA pairs were obtained. Furthermore, the miRNA-gene action network was established using the negative interacting miRNA-mRNA pairs. The selected mRNAs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and biological processes (BP) and signal pathways related to LSEC proliferation that were significantly enriched in GO-BP and KEGG were selected. Finally, 22 DE genes and 17 DE miRNAs were screened and the network was created. We also successfully verified the significant changes in the top six genes and miRNAs using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with the sequencing results. This study proposed that a specific miRNA-mRNA network is associated with hypoxia-induced proliferation of LSECs, which will assist in elucidating the potential mechanisms involved in hypoxia-promoting liver regeneration during LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qing
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hanfei Huang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tingfeng Ming
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Ghanim AMH, Younis NS, Metwaly HA. Vanillin augments liver regeneration effectively in Thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis rat model. Life Sci 2021; 286:120036. [PMID: 34637793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study has been designed to investigate the role of vanillin either as prophylaxis or treatment in liver regeneration augmentation and liver fibrosis regression in thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were injected with TAA to induce liver injury (200mg/kg twice weekly) for 8 weeks. In vanillin prophylaxis group; rats were administered vanillin (100 mg/Kg; IP, daily) from day 1 of TAA injection for 8 weeks. In vanillin treatment group; rats were confronted with the same dose of TAA injection for 8 weeks then treated with vanillin (100 mg/Kg, IP, daily) for 4 weeks. ALT, AST activities, serum albumin, hepatic GSH, MDA, HGF, VEGF, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured and also, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and cyclin D gene expression were determined. Liver sections were stained with H&E and Sirius red and immunostained for Ki-67 and α-SMA for histological and immunohistological changes analysis. KEY FINDINGS Vanillin improved liver function and histology. Also, showed a remarkable increase in hepatic HGF and VEGF level, and up-regulation of cyclin D1 expression accompanied by a significant up-regulation of MMP-2 and down- regulation of TIMP-1. All these effects were accompanied by TNF-α, IL-6 and oxidative stress significant attenuation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, vanillin enhanced liver regeneration in TAA induced liver damage model; targeting growth factors (HGF, VEGF) and cellular proliferation marker cyclin D1. As well as stimulating fibrosis regression by inhibition of ECM accumulation and enhancing its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M H Ghanim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Heba A Metwaly
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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8
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Schönberg J, Borlak J. Reliable miRNA biomarker quantification in clinical practice - are we there yet? Anal Biochem 2021; 634:114431. [PMID: 34695390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood-borne miRNAs serve as disease diagnostic biomarkers and await clinical validation. Here, we evaluated Cel-miR-39-3p and miRNA16-5p as calibrator for the quantification of 15 miRNAs linked to hepatic impairment. We added defined copy numbers of Cel-miR-39-3p to plasma of healthy controls (N = 5) and patient samples undergoing liver resection (N = 51). The miRNAs were isolated according to SOPs and quantified by RT-qPCR using the 2-(ΔΔ-CT)-method. Although miRNA16-5p and the spike-in control behaved similar in qPCR assays (R2 = 0.8591) the spike-in control suffered from high inter-patient variability (median 7.6-fold) and low recoveries (median 5.6%, 95% CI 1.5-11.8%). Adding Cel-miR-39-3p to blood samples prior to RNA-isolation improved the recoveries (median 105.7%; 95% CI 29.9-219.9%), yet the inter-patient variability remained high (median 7.2-fold). Alike, we observed significant variability in CT-values for miRNA16-5p (range 14.7-fold) thus rendering this internal, blood-borne reference gene unacceptable as comparator. Specifically, 10 out of 15 diagnostic miRNAs failed the criteria R2 ≥ 0.8 even though we added a defined copy number of Cel-miR-39-3p. This suggests interference of the spike-in control with individual miRNAs in the assay. Our study highlights current limitations in the quantification of blood-borne miRNAs that is of particularly importance when used for disease diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Schönberg
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
TGR5 (G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1, GPBAR-1) is a G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains and is widely distributed in various organs and tissues. As an important bile acid receptor, TGR5 can be activated by primary and secondary bile acids. Increased expression of TGR5 is a risk factor for polycystic liver disease and hepatobiliary cancer. However, there is evidence that the anti-inflammatory effect of the TGR5 receptor and its regulatory effect on hydrophobic bile acid confer protective effects against most liver diseases. Recent studies have shown that TGR5 receptor activation can alleviate the development of diabetic liver fibrosis, regulate the differentiation of natural killer T cells into NKT10 cells, increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, inhibit the invasion of hepatitis B virus, promote white adipose tissue browning, improve arterial vascular dynamics, maintain tight junctions between bile duct cells, and protect against apoptosis. In portal hypertension, TGR5 receptor activation can inhibit the contraction of hepatic stellate cells and improve intrahepatic microcirculation. In addition, the discovery of the regulatory relationship between the TGR5 receptor and miRNA-26a provides a new direction for further studies of the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of TGR5. In this review, we describe recent findings linking TGR5 to various liver diseases, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying its effects and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lijin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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10
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Plekhanov AN, Tovarshinov AI. [Liver regeneration: solved and problem issues]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020:101-106. [PMID: 33210515 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia2020111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is known that liver is able to restore own dimensions and functional properties in response to various injuries. Despite extensive injuries, liver can preserve functional activity. Analysis of liver regeneration mechanisms allowed us to obtain significant results in the treatment of hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver failure. Liver regeneration processes substantiate the development of hepatocellular cancer following cirrhosis. Modern experimental and clinical data on liver regeneration, as well as current methods of stimulating this process are summarized in the manuscript. Despite significant advances in this issue, there are still many questions in scientific understanding of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Plekhanov
- Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia.,Irkutsk Research Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia
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11
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Zhu C, Dong B, Sun L, Wang Y, Chen S. Cell Sources and Influencing Factors of Liver Regeneration: A Review. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e929129. [PMID: 33311428 PMCID: PMC7747472 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) is a set of complicated mechanisms between cells and molecules in which the processes of initiation, maintenance, and termination of liver repair are regulated. Although LR has been studied extensively, there are still numerous challenges in gaining its full understanding. Cells for LR have a wide range of sources and the feature of plasticity, and regeneration patterns are not the same under different conditions. Many patients undergoing partial hepatectomy develop cirrhosis or steatosis. The changes of LR in these cases are not clear. Many types of cells participate in LR. Hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, hepatic progenitor cells, and human liver stem cells can serve as the cell sources for LR. However, different types and degrees of damage trigger the response from the most suitable cells. Exploring the cell sources of LR is of great significance for accelerating recovery of liver function under different pathological patterns and developing a cell therapy strategy to cope with the shortage of donors for liver transplantation. In clinical practice, the background of the liver influences regeneration. Fibrosis and steatosis create different LR microenvironments and signal molecule interaction patterns. In addition, factors such as partial hepatectomy, aging, platelets, nerves, hormones, bile acids, and gut microbiota are widely involved in this process. Understanding the influencing factors of LR has practical value for individualized treatment of patients with liver diseases. In this review, we have summarized recent studies and proposed our views. We discuss cell sources and the influential factors on LR to help in solving clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland).,Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Leqi Sun
- Department of Oncological Medical Services, Institute of Health Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yixiu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhai Chen
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan
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12
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Feng Y, Chen X, Yang L, Xu M, Wang X, Li W, Niu X, Gao D. MicroRNA-26a Protects the Heart Against Hypertension-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017970. [PMID: 32865120 PMCID: PMC7726969 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypertensive myocardial fibrosis (MF) is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and cardiac fibroblast proliferation, which can lead to heart failure, malignant arrhythmia, and sudden death. In recent years, with the deepening of research, microRNAs have been found to have an important role in blood pressure control and maintaining normal ventricular structure and function. Methods and Results In this study, we first documented the downregulation of microRNA-26a (miR-26a) in the plasma and myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats; more importantly, miR-26a-deficient mice showed MF, whereas overexpression of miR-26a significantly prevented elevated blood pressure and inhibited MF in vivo and angiotensin II-induced fibrogenesis in cardiac fibroblasts by directly targeting connective tissue growth factor and Smad4. miR-26a inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation by the enhancer of zeste homolog 2/p21 pathway. Conclusions Our study identified a novel role for miR-26a in blood pressure control and hypertensive MF and provides a possible treatment strategy for miR-26a to alleviate and reverse hypertensive MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaozhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Feng
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xuegui Chen
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology Meishan Brach of the Third Affiliated Hospital Yanan University School of Medical Meishan Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology The Second Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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13
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Zou Y, Zhang M, Zeng D, Ruan Y, Shen L, Mu Z, Zou J, Xie C, Yang Z, Qian Z, Xu R, Li S, Kang Q, Zou H, Zhao S, Liu L, Wang K, Wang X, Zhang X. Periplaneta americana Extracts Accelerate Liver Regeneration via a Complex Network of Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1174. [PMID: 32848780 PMCID: PMC7413023 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful recovery from hepatectomy is partially contingent upon the rate of residual liver regeneration. The traditional Chinese medicines known as Periplaneta americana extracts (PAEs) positively influence wound healing by promoting tissue repair. However, the effect of PAEs on liver regeneration is unknown. We used a mouse liver regeneration model after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) and a hepatocyte culture to determine whether PAEs can promote liver regeneration as effectively as skin regeneration and establish their modes of action. L02 cells were divided into serum-starved control (NC) and three PAEs (serum starvation + 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, or 1 mg/ml PAEs) groups. L02 cell proliferation was assessed at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h by CCK-8 assay. Forty male C57 mice were randomly divided into control (NC), normal saline (NS), PAEs400 (400 mg/kg/d), and PAEs800 (800 mg/kg/d) groups (n = 10 per group). The NS and both PAEs groups were administered normal saline and PAEs, respectively, by gavage for 10 days. Two hours after the tenth gavage, the NS and both PAEs groups were subjected to 70% PH and the residual liver was harvested after 48 h. The hepatic regeneration rate was evaluated and hepatocyte proliferation was estimated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for Ki-67. Twelve DEG libraries (three samples per group) were prepared and sequencing was performed in an Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Mus_musculus) at the Beijing Genomics Institute. The genes expressed in the liver tissues and their expression profiles were analyzed by bioinformatics. KEGG was used to annotate, enrich, and analyze the pathways. PAEs promoted hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo and accelerated mouse liver regeneration after 70% PH. The screening criteria were fold change (FC) ≥ 2 and q-value < 0.001. We identified 1,092 known DEGs in PAEs400 and PAEs800. Of these, 153 were categorized in cellular processes. The KEGG analysis revealed that the aforementioned DEGs participated in several signaling pathways closely associated with cell proliferation including PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Apelin, Wnt, FoxO, mTOR, Ras, VEGF, ErbB, Hippo, and AMPK. It was concluded that PAEs can effectively improve liver regeneration via the synergistic activation of different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yonghua Ruan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihao Mu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangmeng Zou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chenjian Xie
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongyi Qian
- Department of Morphological Laboratory, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruobing Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shude Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Songling Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xie Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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