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Sugimoto R, Lee L, Tanaka Y, Morita Y, Hijioka M, Hisano T, Furukawa M. Zinc Deficiency as a General Feature of Cancer: a Review of the Literature. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1937-1947. [PMID: 37658952 PMCID: PMC10955002 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements are minerals that are present in very low concentrations in the human body and yet are crucial for a wide range of physiological functions. Zinc, the second most abundant trace element, is obtained primarily from the diet. After being taken up in the intestine, zinc is distributed to various target organs, where it plays key roles in processes such as immunity, protein folding, apoptosis, and antioxidant activity. Given the important role of zinc in a wide range of enzymatic reactions and physiological processes, zinc deficiency has been identified in a variety of diseases, notably cancer. In recent years, multiple meta-analyses and reviews looking at zinc levels in individual cancer types have been published, as have a plethora of primary studies demonstrating a link between low zinc levels and specific types of cancer. In this review, we summarize recent evidence implicating low zinc concentrations in serum or tissues as a characteristic in a wide range of cancers. We also discuss preliminary findings indicating that zinc level measurement could ultimately become a useful clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and predicting outcomes in patients with cancer. Finally, we suggest future directions for further elucidating the role of zinc deficiency in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sugimoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.
| | - Lingaku Lee
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morita
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hijioka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Terumasa Hisano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Furukawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
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Himoto T, Masaki T. Current Trends on the Involvement of Zinc, Copper, and Selenium in the Process of Hepatocarcinogenesis. Nutrients 2024; 16:472. [PMID: 38398797 PMCID: PMC10892613 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous nutritional factors increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. The dysregulation of zinc, copper, and selenium homeostasis is associated with the occurrence of HCC. The impairment of the homeostasis of these essential trace elements results in oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle progression, and angiogenesis, finally leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. These essential trace elements can affect the microenvironment in HCC. The carrier proteins for zinc and copper and selenium-containing enzymes play important roles in the prevention or progression of HCC. These trace elements enhance or alleviate the chemosensitivity of anticancer agents in patients with HCC. The zinc, copper, or selenium may affect the homeostasis of other trace elements with each other. Novel types of cell death including ferropotosis and cupropotosis are also associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Therapeutic strategies for HCC that target these carrier proteins for zinc and copper or selenium-containing enzymes have been developed in in vitro and in vivo studies. The use of zinc-, copper- or selenium-nanoparticles has been considered as novel therapeutic agents for HCC. These results indicate that zinc, copper, and selenium may become promising therapeutic targets in patients with HCC. The clinical application of these agents is an urgent unmet requirement. This review article highlights the correlation between the dysregulation of the homeostasis of these essential trace elements and the development of HCC and summarizes the current trends on the roles of these essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 281-1, Hara, Mure-cho, Takamatsu 761-0123, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
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Harimoto N, Igarashi T, Okuyama T, Hoshino K, Hagiwara K, Kawai S, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Araki K, Shirabe K. Preoperative zinc status predicts the occurrence and healing time of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy. World J Surg 2024; 48:186-192. [PMID: 38686792 DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies that examined the relationship between preoperative zinc (Zn) concentrations and postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP). METHODS Data from 98 patients who underwent DP between January 2016 and April 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' clinicopathological and surgical outcomes were analyzed, and we examined the relationship between Zn and clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) after DP. RESULTS In this series, 41 (41.8%) patients had POPF and 31 (31.8%) patients had CR-POPF. The cut-off value for the preoperative Zn concentration was 74 μg/dL for POPF and CR-POPF. Patients with low Zn concentrations were significantly related with high age, low albumin concentrations, higher CRP concentrations, higher NLR, lower PNI, higher rates of POPF and CR-POPF, longer POPF healing time, longer hospital stay, and postoperative complications than patients with high Zn concentrations. The healing time of POPF after DP was significantly negatively correlated with serum Zn concentrations. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative lower Zn concentrations and a prolonged operation time were independent predictors of CR-POPF and the healing time of POPF after DP. The POPF healing time in patients with high Zn was significantly shorter than that in patients with low Zn concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study showed the association between the preoperative Zn concentrations and the occurrence of POPF and the healing time after DP. Zn is a simple biomarker for malnutrition, which may lead to POPF after DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Harimoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okuyama
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kouki Hoshino
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiwara
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kawai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Harimoto N, Araki K, Yamanaka T, Hagiwara K, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Watanabe A, Takizawa M, Yokobori T, Shirabe K. The ratio of creatinine and cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rates as a surrogate marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatic resection. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2022; 29:964-973. [PMID: 35543073 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of creatinine and cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRcre/eGFRcys) is significantly positively correlated with sarcopenia. However, there are no published reports on the relationship between eGFRcre/eGFRcys and long-term prognosis in patients after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS 157 patients who had undergone curative hepatic resection for HCC were retrospectively reviewed. Cystatin C levels were measured in serum samples that had been frozen after collection at surgery. We aimed to investigate the significance of cystatin C in prognostic value following hepatic resection for HCC. RESULTS The best cut-off eGFRcre/eGFRcys value for overall survival after hepatic resection for HCC was 1.0025. High eGFRcre/eGFRcys was significantly associated with poor liver function, low skeletal muscle mass, large tumor size, large ascitic volume, worse overall and recurrence-free survival. The eGFRcre/eGFRcys was significantly related to severe recurrence patterns (multiple liver recurrences, distant metastasis). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative eGFRcre/eGFRcys can predict overall and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients undergoing hepatic resection. The eGFRcre/eGFRcys is a simple and reliable surrogate marker that indicate for eligibility for hepatic resection for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Harimoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiwara
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makiko Takizawa
- Department of Healthcare Quality and Safety, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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