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Wang H, Zhang N, Fang K, Chang X. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis of Rats and Is Accompanied by Metabolic Regulation of the Spleen and Liver. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713799. [PMID: 34539643 PMCID: PMC8440946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is significantly associated with glycolysis. This study used 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, to treat rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and investigate the metabolic regulatory mechanism of glycolysis in the disease. 2-DG significantly alleviated CIA. Metabolomics and transcriptomics, as well as their integrative analysis, detected significant changes in the pathways of bile secretion, cholesterol and linoleic acid metabolism in the plasma, liver and spleen during the CIA process and the opposite changes following 2-DG treatment, whereas the expression of the genes regulating these metabolic pathways were changed only in the spleen. In the rat liver, levels of (S)-5-diphosphomevalonic acid in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway were significantly decreased during CIA progression and increased following 2-DG treatment, and levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway showed the opposite results. In the spleen, levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol glucuronide in bile secretion and 12(S)-leukotriene B4 in arachidonic acid metabolism were significantly decreased during CIA progression and increased following 2-DG treatment. The changes in the gene-metabolite network of bile secretion in the spleen correlated with a decreased plasma L-acetylcarnitine level in CIA rats and an increase following 2-DG treatment. Our analysis suggests the involvement of spleen and liver metabolism in CIA under the control of glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Wang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nanyang Zhang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Engineering Technology Center For Major Disease Marker, Qingdao, China
| | - Kehua Fang
- Clinical Laboratory of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Engineering Technology Center For Major Disease Marker, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Immune Disease and Gout, Qingdao, China
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Pizzi M, Friziero A, Vianello F, Binotto G, Da Dalt G, Zoletto S, Carraro E, Fassan M, Sbaraglia M, Sperti C, Baldan N, D'Amore F, Bertozzi I, Righi S, Pierobon ES, Moletta L, Capovilla G, Grego A, Sabattini E, Fabris F, Merigliano S, Dei Tos AP. Histology of the spleen in immune thrombocytopenia: clinical-pathological characterization and prognostic implications. Eur J Haematol 2020; 106:281-289. [PMID: 33190299 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired disorder, characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction. The spleen plays a key pathogenic role in ITP and splenectomy is a valuable second-line therapy for this disease. Little is known on ITP spleen histology and response to splenectomy is unpredictable. This study aims to characterize ITP spleen histology and assess possible predictors of splenectomy outcome. METHODS A series of 23 ITP spleens were retrospectively assessed for the following histological parameters: density of lymphoid follicles (LFs), marginal zones (MZs), T helper and cytotoxic T cells; presence of reactive germinal centers (GCs); width of perivascular T cell sheaths; and red pulp features. Clinical and histological data were matched with postsplenectomy platelet counts to assess their prognostic relevance. RESULTS Three histological patterns were documented: a hyperplastic white pulp pattern, a non-activated white pulp pattern (lacking GCs), and a white pulp-depleted pattern. Poor surgical responses were associated with presplenectomy high-dose steroid administration, autoimmune comorbidities and low T follicular helper cell density. The combination of such parameters stratified patients into different splenectomy response groups. The removal of accessory spleens was also associated with better outcome. CONCLUSION ITP spleens are histologically heterogeneous and clinical-pathological parameters may help predict the splenectomy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Friziero
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vianello
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Binotto
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Da Dalt
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Zoletto
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Carraro
- Oncohematology Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldan
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio D'Amore
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Bertozzi
- 1st Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Righi
- Haematopathology Unit, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Sefora Pierobon
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Moletta
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capovilla
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Grego
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Fabris
- 1st Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Merigliano
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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PKN1 kinase-negative knock-in mice develop splenomegaly and leukopenia at advanced age without obvious autoimmune-like phenotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13977. [PMID: 31562379 PMCID: PMC6764976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase N1 (PKN1) knockout (KO) mice spontaneously form germinal centers (GCs) and develop an autoimmune-like disease with age. Here, we investigated the function of PKN1 kinase activity in vivo using aged mice deficient in kinase activity resulting from the introduction of a point mutation (T778A) in the activation loop of the enzyme. PKN1[T778A] mice reached adulthood without external abnormalities; however, the average spleen size and weight of aged PKN1[T778A] mice increased significantly compared to aged wild type (WT) mice. Histologic examination and Southern blot analyses of spleens showed extramedullary hematopoiesis and/or lymphomagenesis in some cases, although without significantly different incidences between PKN1[T778A] and WT mice. Additionally, flow cytometry revealed increased numbers in B220+, CD3+, Gr1+ and CD193+ leukocytes in the spleen of aged PKN1[T778A] mice, whereas the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes was reduced in the peripheral blood, suggesting an advanced impairment of leukocyte trafficking with age. Moreover, aged PKN1[T778A] mice showed no obvious GC formation nor autoimmune-like phenotypes, such as glomerulonephritis or increased anti-dsDNA antibody titer, in peripheral blood. Our results showing phenotypic differences between aged Pkn1-KO and PKN1[T778A] mice may provide insight into the importance of PKN1-specific kinase-independent functions in vivo.
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Hermida MDR, de Melo CVB, Lima IDS, Oliveira GGDS, Dos-Santos WLC. Histological Disorganization of Spleen Compartments and Severe Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:394. [PMID: 30483481 PMCID: PMC6243053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ responsible for immune surveillance against blood-circulating pathogens. Absence of the spleen is associated with increased susceptibility to systemic spread and fatal infection by different pathogens. Severe forms of visceral leishmaniasis are associated with disorganization of spleen compartments where cell interactions essential for splenic immunological function take place. White pulp atrophies, secondary lymphoid follicles and marginal zones vanish, and the boundaries separating white and red pulp blur. Leukocyte populations are reduced or disappear or are replaced by plasma cells. In this paper, we review the published data on spleen disorganization in severe forms of visceral leishmaniasis and propose a histological classification to help the exchange of information among research groups.
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