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Noma IHY, Carvalho LADC, Camarena DEM, Silva RO, Moraes Junior MOD, de Souza ST, Newton-Bishop J, Nsengimana J, Maria-Engler SS. Peroxiredoxin-2 represses NRAS-mutated melanoma cells invasion by modulating EMT markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116953. [PMID: 38955087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The second most common mutation in melanoma occurs in NRAS oncogene, being a more aggressive disease that has no effective approved treatment. Besides, cellular plasticity limits better outcomes of the advanced and therapy-resistant patients. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) control cellular processes through direct hydrogen peroxide oxidation or by redox-relaying processes. Here, we demonstrated that PRDX2 could act as a modulator of multiple EMT markers in NRAS-mutated melanomas. PRDX2 knockdown lead to phenotypic changes towards invasion in human reconstructed skin and the treatment with a PRDX mimetic (gliotoxin), decreased migration in PRDX2-deficient cells. We also confirmed the favorable clinical outcome of patients expressing PRDX2 in a large primary melanoma cohort. This study contributes to our knowledge about genes involved in phenotype switching and opens a new perspective for PRDX2 as a biomarker and target in NRAS-mutated melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Harumi Yonehara Noma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil
| | - Larissa Anastacio da Costa Carvalho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil
| | - Denisse Esther Mallaupoma Camarena
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil
| | - Renaira Oliveira Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil
| | - Manoel Oliveira de Moraes Junior
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil
| | - Sophia Tavares de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BN, UK
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-00, Brazil.
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2
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Featherston T, Paumann-Page M, Hampton MB. Melanoma redox biology and the emergence of drug resistance. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 162:145-171. [PMID: 39069368 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, with the loss of approximately 60,000 lives world-wide each year. Despite the development of targeted therapeutics, including compounds that have selectivity for mutant oncoproteins expressed only in cancer cells, many patients are either unresponsive to initial therapy or their tumors acquire resistance. This results in five-year survival rates of below 25%. New strategies that either kill drug-resistant melanoma cells or prevent their emergence would be extremely valuable. Melanoma, like other cancers, has long been described as being under increased oxidative stress, resulting in an increased reliance on antioxidant defense systems. Changes in redox homeostasis are most apparent during metastasis and during the metabolic reprogramming associated with the development of treatment resistance. This review discusses oxidative stress in melanoma, with a particular focus on targeting antioxidant pathways to limit the emergence of drug resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Featherston
- Mātai Hāora-Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martina Paumann-Page
- Mātai Hāora-Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Mātai Hāora-Centre for Redox Biology and Medicine, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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3
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Carvalho LADC, Noma IHY, Uehara AH, Siena ÁDD, Osaki LH, Mori MP, Pinto NCDS, Freitas VM, Junior WAS, Smalley KSM, Maria-Engler SS. Modeling Melanoma Heterogeneity In Vitro: Redox, Resistance and Pigmentation Profiles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:555. [PMID: 38790661 PMCID: PMC11118096 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment and transcriptional plasticity generate subpopulations within the tumor, and the use of BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis) contributes to the rise and selection of resistant clones. We stochastically isolated subpopulations (C1, C2, and C3) from naïve melanoma and found that the clones demonstrated distinct morphology, phenotypic, and functional profiles: C1 was less proliferative, more migratory and invasive, less sensitive to BRAFis, less dependent on OXPHOS, more sensitive to oxidative stress, and less pigmented; C2 was more proliferative, less migratory and invasive, more sensitive to BRAFis, less sensitive to oxidative stress, and more pigmented; and C3 was less proliferative, more migratory and invasive, less sensitive to BRAFis, more dependent on OXPHOS, more sensitive to oxidative stress, and more pigmented. Hydrogen peroxide plays a central role in oxidative stress and cell signaling, and PRDXs are one of its main consumers. The intrinsically resistant C1 and C3 clones had lower MITF, PGC-1α, and PRDX1 expression, while C1 had higher AXL and decreased pigmentation markers, linking PRDX1 to clonal heterogeneity and resistance. PRDX2 is depleted in acquired BRAFi-resistant cells and acts as a redox sensor. Our results illustrate that decreased pigmentation markers are related to therapy resistance and decreased antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Anastacio da Costa Carvalho
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.A.d.C.C.); (K.S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
| | - Isabella Harumi Yonehara Noma
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
| | - Adriana Hiromi Uehara
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
| | - Ádamo Davi Diógenes Siena
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (Á.D.D.S.); (W.A.S.J.)
| | - Luciana Harumi Osaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.H.O.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Mateus Prates Mori
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.P.M.); (N.C.d.S.P.)
| | - Nadja Cristhina de Souza Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.P.M.); (N.C.d.S.P.)
| | - Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Department of Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.H.O.); (V.M.F.)
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva Junior
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (Á.D.D.S.); (W.A.S.J.)
| | - Keiran S. M. Smalley
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.A.d.C.C.); (K.S.M.S.)
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (I.H.Y.N.); (A.H.U.)
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Lei P, Yu L, Sun X, Hao J, Shi W, Sun H, Guo X, Jia X, Liu T, Zhang DL, Li L, Wang H, Xu C. Exploring the role of PRDX4 in the development of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Med Oncol 2024; 41:48. [PMID: 38177789 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Peroxicedoxin 4 (PRDX4), a member of the peroxicedoxins (PRDXs), has been reported in many cancer-related studies, but its role in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is not fully understood. In the present study, we found that PRDX4 was highly expressed in UCEC tissues and cell lines through the combination of bioinformatics analysis and experiments, and elevated PRDX4 levels were associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of PRDX4 significantly blocked the proliferation and migration of the UCEC cell line Ishikawa and reduced degree of cell confluence. These findings highlight the oncogenic role of PRDX4 in UCEC. In addition, genes that interact with PRDX4 in UCEC were MT-ATP8, PBK, and PDIA6, and we speculated that these genes interacted with each other to promote disease progression in UCEC. Thus, PRDX4 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for UCEC, and targeting PRDX4 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Liting Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Junmei Hao
- Department of Pathology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Wenning Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Haojie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangji Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xikang Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Tianli Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Dao-Lai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Lianqin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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5
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Essential Roles of Peroxiredoxin IV in Inflammation and Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196513. [PMID: 36235049 PMCID: PMC9573489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4) is a 2-Cysteine peroxidase with ubiquitous expression in human tissues. Prx4 scavenges hydrogen peroxide and participates in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, Prx4 is secreted outside the cell. Prx4 is upregulated in several cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. We have summarized historical and recent advances in the structure, function and biological roles of Prx4, focusing on inflammatory diseases and cancer. Oxidative stress is known to activate pro-inflammatory pathways. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer development. Hence, redox enzymes such as Prx4 are important players in the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of regulation of Prx4 expression and associated signaling pathways in normal physiological and disease conditions should reveal new therapeutic strategies. Thus, although Prx4 is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer, further research needs to be conducted to bridge the gap to clinical application.
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6
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Carpenter EL, Becker AL, Indra AK. NRF2 and Key Transcriptional Targets in Melanoma Redox Manipulation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061531. [PMID: 35326683 PMCID: PMC8946769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are dendritic, pigment-producing cells located in the skin and are responsible for its protection against the deleterious effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which include DNA damage and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). They do so by synthesizing photoprotective melanin pigments and distributing them to adjacent skin cells (e.g., keratinocytes). However, melanocytes encounter a large burden of oxidative stress during this process, due to both exogenous and endogenous sources. Therefore, melanocytes employ numerous antioxidant defenses to protect themselves; these are largely regulated by the master stress response transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Key effector transcriptional targets of NRF2 include the components of the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems. Despite these defenses, melanocyte DNA often is subject to mutations that result in the dysregulation of the proliferative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the cell cycle. Following tumor initiation, endogenous antioxidant systems are co-opted, a consequence of elevated oxidative stress caused by metabolic reprogramming, to establish an altered redox homeostasis. This altered redox homeostasis contributes to tumor progression and metastasis, while also complicating the application of exogenous antioxidant treatments. Further understanding of melanocyte redox homeostasis, in the presence or absence of disease, would contribute to the development of novel therapies to aid in the prevention and treatment of melanomas and other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.L.C.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Alyssa L. Becker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.L.C.); (A.L.B.)
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Arup K. Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.L.C.); (A.L.B.)
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Carvalho LAC, Queijo RG, Baccaro ALB, Siena ÁDD, Silva WA, Rodrigues T, Maria-Engler SS. Redox-Related Proteins in Melanoma Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030438. [PMID: 35326089 PMCID: PMC8944639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Despite the available therapies, the minimum residual disease is still refractory. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play a dual role in melanoma, where redox imbalance is involved from initiation to metastasis and resistance. Redox proteins modulate the disease by controlling ROS/RNS levels in immune response, proliferation, invasion, and relapse. Chemotherapeutics such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors promote oxidative stress, but high ROS/RNS amounts with a robust antioxidant system allow cells to be adaptive and cooperate to non-toxic levels. These proteins could act as biomarkers and possible targets. By understanding the complex mechanisms involved in adaptation and searching for new targets to make cells more susceptible to treatment, the disease might be overcome. Therefore, exploring the role of redox-sensitive proteins and the modulation of redox homeostasis may provide clues to new therapies. This study analyzes information obtained from a public cohort of melanoma patients about the expression of redox-generating and detoxifying proteins in melanoma during the disease stages, genetic alterations, and overall patient survival status. According to our analysis, 66% of the isoforms presented differential expression on melanoma progression: NOS2, SOD1, NOX4, PRX3, PXDN and GPX1 are increased during melanoma progression, while CAT, GPX3, TXNIP, and PRX2 are decreased. Besides, the stage of the disease could influence the result as well. The levels of PRX1, PRX5 and PRX6 can be increased or decreased depending on the stage. We showed that all analyzed isoforms presented some genetic alteration on the gene, most of them (78%) for increased mRNA expression. Interestingly, 34% of all melanoma patients showed genetic alterations on TRX1, most for decreased mRNA expression. Additionally, 15% of the isoforms showed a significant reduction in overall patient survival status for an altered group (PRX3, PRX5, TR2, and GR) and the unaltered group (NOX4). Although no such specific antioxidant therapy is approved for melanoma yet, inhibitors or mimetics of these redox-sensitive proteins have achieved very promising results. We foresee that forthcoming investigations on the modulation of these proteins will bring significant advances for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A. C. Carvalho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-00, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.C.); (R.G.Q.)
| | - Rodrigo G. Queijo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-00, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.C.); (R.G.Q.)
| | - Alexandre L. B. Baccaro
- Centro de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Brigadeiro Galvão, 535, Sao Paulo 01151-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ádamo D. D. Siena
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (Á.D.D.S.); (W.A.S.J.)
| | - Wilson A. Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (Á.D.D.S.); (W.A.S.J.)
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre 09210-580, SP, Brazil;
| | - Silvya Stuchi Maria-Engler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-00, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.C.); (R.G.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Implications of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hyperpigmentation Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7881717. [PMID: 35087618 PMCID: PMC8789419 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7881717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the ability of antioxidant systems to decompose those products. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, melanoma, and other skin diseases. Regulatory networks involving oxidative stress and related pathways are widely represented in hypopigmentation diseases, particularly vitiligo. However, there is no complete review into the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation disorders, especially regarding associations involving oxidative stress and cellular signaling pathways. Here, we review oxidative and antioxidant systems, oxidative stress-induced signal transduction mechanisms, and effects of antioxidant drugs used in preclinical and clinical settings in hyperpigmentation disorders.
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9
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ROS as Regulators of Cellular Processes in Melanoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1208690. [PMID: 34725562 PMCID: PMC8557056 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1208690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we examine the multiple roles of ROS in the pathogenesis of melanoma, focusing on signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. In recent years, different studies have analyzed the dual role of ROS in regulating the redox system, with both negative and positive consequences on human health, depending on cell concentration of these agents. High ROS levels can result from an altered balance between oxidant generation and intracellular antioxidant activity and can produce harmful effects. In contrast, low amounts of ROS are considered beneficial, since they trigger signaling pathways involved in physiological activities and programmed cell death, with protective effects against melanoma. Here, we examine these beneficial roles, which could have interesting implications in melanoma treatment.
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10
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Sharapov MG, Novoselov VI. Catalytic and Signaling Role of Peroxiredoxins in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:79-100. [PMID: 31216969 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells experience strong oxidative stress caused by disorders in cell metabolism and action of external factors. For survival, cancer cells have developed a highly efficient system of antioxidant defense, some of the most important elements of which are peroxiredoxins (Prxs). Prxs are an evolutionarily ancient family of selenium-independent peroxidases that reduce a wide range of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides in the cell and the extracellular space. In addition, some Prxs exhibit chaperone and phospholipase activities. Prxs play an important role in the maintenance of the cell redox homeostasis; they prevent oxidation and aggregation of regulatory proteins, thereby affecting many cell signaling pathways. Prxs are involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Due to their versatility and wide representation in all tissues and organs, Prxs participate in the development/suppression of many pathological conditions, among which cancer occupies a special place. This review focuses on the role of Prxs in the development of various forms of cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of Prx involvement in these processes will allow to develop new approaches to the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sharapov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - V I Novoselov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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11
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The prognostic values of the peroxiredoxins family in ovarian cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180667. [PMID: 30104402 PMCID: PMC6123065 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes with six identified mammalian isoforms (PRDX1–6). PRDX expression is up-regulated in various types of solid tumors; however, individual PRDX expression, and its impact on prognostic value in ovarian cancer patients, remains unclear. Methods: PRDXs family protein expression profiles in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian cancer tissues were examined using the Human Protein Atlas database. Then, the prognostic roles of PRDX family members in several sets of clinical data (histology, pathological grades, clinical stages, and applied chemotherapy) in ovarian cancer patients were investigated using the Kaplan–Meier plotter. Results: PRDXs family protein expression in ovarian cancer tissues was elevated compared with normal ovarian tissues. Meanwhile, elevated expression of PRDX3, PRDX5, and PRDX6 mRNAs showed poorer overall survival (OS); PRDX5 and PRDX6 also predicted poor progression-free survival (PFS) for ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, PRDX3 played significant prognostic roles, particularly in poor differentiation and late-stage serous ovarian cancer patients. Additionally, PRDX5 predicted a lower PFS in all ovarian cancer patients treated with Platin, Taxol, and Taxol+Platin chemotherapy. PRDX3 and PRDX6 also showed poor PFS in patients treated with Platin chemotherapy. Furthermore, PRDX3 and PRDX5 indicated lower OS in patients treated with these three chemotherapeutic agents. PRDX6 predicted a poorer OS in patients treated with Taxol and Taxol+Platin chemotherapy. Conclusion: These results suggest that there are distinct prognostic values of PRDX family members in patients with ovarian cancer, and that the expression of PRDX3, PRDX5, and PRDX6 mRNAs are a useful prognostic indicator in the effect of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.
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12
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Chandimali N, Jeong DK, Kwon T. Peroxiredoxin II Regulates Cancer Stem Cells and Stemness-Associated Properties of Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090305. [PMID: 30177619 PMCID: PMC6162743 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a sub-population of cancer cells with the ability to regulate stemness-associated properties which are specifically responsible for unlimited growth of cancers, generation of diverse cancer cells in differentiated state and resistance to existing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Even though, current therapies destroy majority of cancer cells, it is believed to leave CSCs without eradicating which may be the conceptualization for chemoresistance and radio-resistance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) maintain stem cells and regulate the stemness-associated properties of cancers. Beyond the maximum limit, ROS can damage cellular functions of cancers by subjecting them to oxidative stress. Thus, maintenance of ROS level plays an important role in cancers to regulate stemness-associated properties. Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) is a member of peroxiredoxin antioxidant enzyme family which considers as a regulator of ROS in cellular environments by modulating redox status to maintain CSC phenotype and stemness properties. Prx II has cell type-dependent expression in various types of cancer cells and overexpression or silenced expression of Prx II in cancers is associated with stem cell phenotype and stemness-associated properties via activation or deactivation of various signaling pathways. In this review, we summarized available studies on Prx II expression in cancers and the mechanisms by which Prx II takes parts to regulate CSCs and stemness-associated properties. We further discussed the potential therapeutic effects of altering Prx II expression in cancers for better anticancer strategies by sensitizing cancer cells and stem cells to oxidative stress and inhibiting stemness-associated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisansala Chandimali
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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Turriani E, Lázaro DF, Ryazanov S, Leonov A, Giese A, Schön M, Schön MP, Griesinger C, Outeiro TF, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Becker D. Treatment with diphenyl-pyrazole compound anle138b/c reveals that α-synuclein protects melanoma cells from autophagic cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4971-E4977. [PMID: 28584093 PMCID: PMC5488931 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and clinical studies have reported a significantly increased risk for melanoma in people with Parkinson's disease. Because no evidence could be obtained that genetic factors are the reason for the association between these two diseases, we hypothesized that of the three major Parkinson's disease-related proteins-α-synuclein, LRRK2, and Parkin-α-synuclein might be a major link. Our data, presented here, demonstrate that α-synuclein promotes the survival of primary and metastatic melanoma cells, which is the exact opposite of the effect that α-synuclein has on dopaminergic neurons, where its accumulation causes neuronal dysfunction and death. Because this detrimental effect of α-synuclein on neurons can be rescued by the small molecule anle138b, we explored its effect on melanoma cells. We found that treatment with anle138b leads to massive melanoma cell death due to a major dysregulation of autophagy, suggesting that α-synuclein is highly beneficial to advanced melanoma because it ensures that autophagy is maintained at a homeostatic level that promotes and ensures the cell's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Turriani
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Margarete Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Donna J Arndt-Jovin
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Becker
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Ding C, Fan X, Wu G. Peroxiredoxin 1 - an antioxidant enzyme in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:193-202. [PMID: 27653015 PMCID: PMC5192802 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), a ubiquitous family of redox‐regulating proteins, are reported of potential to eliminate various reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a major member of the antioxidant enzymes, PRDX1 can become easily over‐oxidized on its catalytically active cysteine induced by a variety of stimuli in vitro and in vivo. In nucleus, oligomeric PRDX1 directly associates with p53 or transcription factors such as c‐Myc, NF‐κB and AR, and thus affects their bioactivities upon gene regulation, which in turn induces or suppresses cell death. Additionally, PRDX1 in cytoplasm has anti‐apoptotic potential through direct or indirect interactions with several ROS‐dependent (redox regulation) effectors, including ASK1, p66Shc, GSTpi/JNK and c‐Abl kinase. PRDX1 is proven to be a versatile molecule regulating cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that PRDX1 and/or PRDX1‐regulated ROS‐dependent signalling pathways play an important role in the progression and metastasis of human tumours, particularly in breast, oesophageal and lung cancers. In this paper, we review the structure, effector functions of PRDX1, its role in cancer and the pivotal role of ROS in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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