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He F, He X, Cui M, Wang Y. Mixed small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma covered by tubulovillous adenoma in the rectum: a case report and detailed molecular analyses. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:65. [PMID: 36849965 PMCID: PMC9969638 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, only six cases of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNENs) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) component have been described in the colorectum, and the molecular landscape of MiNENs is also poorly understood. Herein, we present a unique case in which the SCC developed as a component of a MiNEN in the rectum. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was firstly diagnosed as rectal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) covered by tubulovillous adenoma, and then mixed SCNEC and SCC in the same site 6 months later. Representative samples from the three histologic subtypes were then sent for next-generation sequencing (NGS) separately. Multiple liver metastases occurred in the following month after the last surgery. The patient died of ketoacidosis 1 year after initial diagnosis of the tumor. CONCLUSION This is the first report of this exceedingly rare tumor type to include NGS of the 3 separate morphological entities. Our findings may expedite the understanding of combined tumors in the colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia He
- grid.452511.6Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan 121#, Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xue He
- grid.452511.6Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan 121#, Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Menghan Cui
- grid.452511.6Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan 121#, Nanjing, 210011 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangjiayuan 121#, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Woischke C, Jung P, Jung A, Kumbrink J, Eisenlohr S, Auernhammer CJ, Vieth M, Kirchner T, Neumann J. Mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon: detailed molecular characterisation of two cases indicates a distinct colorectal cancer entity. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2020; 7:75-85. [PMID: 33197299 PMCID: PMC7737761 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present two rare cases of mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon. A literature search revealed only three published cases with similar histology but none of these reports provided profound molecular and mutational analyses. Our two cases exhibited a distinct, colon-like immunophenotype with strong nuclear CDX2 and β-catenin expression in more than 90% of the tumour cells of both components. We analysed the two carcinomas regarding microsatellite stability, RAS, BRAF and PD-L1 status. In addition, next-generation panel sequencing with Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 was performed. This approach revealed mutations in FBXW7, CTNNB1 and PIK3CA in the first case and FBXW7 and RB1 mutations in the second case. We looked for similar mutational patterns in three publicly available colorectal adenocarcinoma data sets, as well as in collections of colorectal mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) and colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas. This approach indicated that the FBXW7 point mutation, without being accompanied by classical adenoma-carcinoma sequence mutations, such as APC, KRAS and TP53, likely occurs at a relatively high frequency in mixed neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma and therefore may be characteristic for this rare tumour type. FBXW7 codifies the substrate recognition element of an ubiquitin ligase, and inactivating FBXW7 mutations lead to an exceptional accumulation of its target β-catenin which results in overactivation of the Wnt-signalling pathway. In line with previously described hypotheses of de-differentiation of colon cells by enhanced Wnt-signalling, our data indicate a crucial role for mutant FBXW7 in the unusual morphological switch that determines these rare neoplasms. Therefore, mixed large cell neuroendocrine and a squamous cell carcinoma can be considered as a distinct carcinoma entity in the colon, defined by morphology, immunophenotype and distinct molecular genetic alteration(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Woischke
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kumbrink
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Josef Auernhammer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 4, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Yoshida T, Kamimura K, Hosaka K, Doumori K, Oka H, Sato A, Fukuhara Y, Watanabe S, Sato T, Yoshikawa A, Tomidokoro T, Terai S. Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1865-1875. [PMID: 31417933 PMCID: PMC6692263 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i14.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare tumor that demonstrates aggressive growth pattern with ingrowth into the tract, metastasis to the other organs, and invasion to the surrounding organs; these clinical characteristics result in poor prognosis. Surgical resection appears as an effective approach; however, because it is difficult to accurately diagnose NEC during the early stage and owing to its aggressive growth pattern, development of a reliable standard chemotherapy regimen and management strategies are essential.
CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the case of patient with NEC showing an aggressive growth pattern that resulted in the rupture of the tumor to the outside the colon after stenting of the internal colonic stenosis. In addition, the tumor invaded into the duodenum, thereby causing duodenal stenosis that required an additional stent in the duodenum. This aggressive growth pattern is one of the main features of the NEC that is different from adenocarcinoma. To clarify the clinical characteristics, we reviewed 60 recently reported cases, including data on tumor location, size, treatment, and prognosis.
CONCLUSION We consider that the information presented here is of great significance for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of symptoms of the patients with NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hosaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Koji Doumori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Oka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Akito Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Yasuo Fukuhara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Shoji Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomidokoro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Niigata 940-0861, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
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