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Hui Z, Wang B, Liu Z, Wei J, Gan J, Landstrom M, Mu Y, Zang G. TGFβ-induced EN1 promotes tumor budding of adenoid cystic carcinoma in patient-derived organoid model. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1814-1827. [PMID: 38282121 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and basal cell adenoma (BCA) share many histological characteristics and often need a differential diagnosis in clinical pathology. Recently, we found homeobox protein engrailed-1 (EN1) was a potential diagnostic marker for ACC in an organoids library of salivary gland tumors (SGTs). Here we aim to confirm EN1 as a differential diagnostic marker for ACC, and further investigate the regulatory mechanism and biological function of EN1 in tumor progression. The transcriptional analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining were performed and revealed that EN1 was specifically and highly expressed in ACC, and accurately differentiated ACC from BCA. Furthermore, TGFβ signaling pathway was found associated with ACC, and the regulation of EN1 through TGFβ was detected in the human ACC cell lines and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). TGFβ-induced EN1 was important in promoting tumor budding in the PDOs model. Interestingly, a high level of EN1 and TGFβ1 in the budding tips was observed in ACC clinical samples, and the expression of EN1 and TGFβ1 in ACC was significantly associated with the clinical stage. In summary, our study verified EN1 is a good diagnostic marker to differentiate ACC from BCA. TGFβ-induced EN1 facilitates the tumor budding of ACC, which might be an important mechanism related to the malignant phenotype of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Hui
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Jinhui Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Jiaxing Gan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
| | - Marene Landstrom
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Building 6M, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yabing Mu
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Building 6M, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Guangxiang Zang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang City, China
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2
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Cui Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Zhu L, Zhou CX. EN1 promotes lung metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:51. [PMID: 38291456 PMCID: PMC10829235 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engrailed homeobox 1 (EN1) is a candidate oncogene that is epigenetically modified in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). We investigated the expression of EN1 in SACC tissues and cells, EN1 promoter methylation, and the role of EN1 in tumour progression in SACC. METHODS Thirty-five SACC samples were screened for key transcription factors that affect tumour progression. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to determine the viability, tumorigenicity, and metastatic ability of SACC cells with modulated EN1 expression. Quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed on SACC samples. RESULTS EN1 was identified as a transcription factor that was highly overexpressed in SACC tissues, regardless of clinical stage and histology subtype, and its level of expression correlated with distant metastasis. EN1 promoted cell invasion and migration through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and enhanced SACC metastasis to the lung in vivo. RNA-seq combined with in vitro assays indicated that EN1 might play an oncogenic role in SACC through the PI3K-AKT pathway. EN1 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with promoter hypermethylation, and inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-aza-dC increased EN1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The transcription factor EN1 is overexpressed in SACC under methylation regulation and plays a pivotal role in SACC progression through the PI3K-AKT pathway. These results suggest that EN1 may be a diagnostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Cui
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medicine Devices, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medicine Devices, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medicine Devices, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medicine Devices, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medicine Devices, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medicine Devices, 22 South Avenue Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Cao M, Zhang L, Cheng J, Wang C, Zhao J, Liu X, Yan Y, Tang Y, Chen Z, Li H. Differential antigen expression between human apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands. Eur J Histochem 2022; 67:3559. [PMID: 36546419 PMCID: PMC9827426 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromhidrosis has a great negative impact on personal occupation and social psychology. It is not yet clear whether bromhidrosis is caused by apocrine sweat glands or the co-action of apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands. To distinguish between apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands, specific antigen markers for apocrine sweat glands and eccrine sweat glands must be found first. In the study, we detected the expression of K7, K18, K19, Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), Forkhead transcription factor a1 (Foxa1), homeobox transcription factor engrailed homeobox1 (En1), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), mucin-1 (MUC-1), cluster of differentiation 15 (CD15) and apolipoprotein (APOD) in eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that K7, K18, K19, Foxa1, GCDFP-15 and MUC-1 were expressed in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, CD15 and APOD were only expressed in apocrine sweat glands, and CAII, NKCC1 and En1 were only expressed in eccrine sweat glands. We conclude that CD15 and APOD can serve as specific markers for apocrine sweat glands, while CAII, NKCC1 and En1 can serve as specific markers for eccrine sweat glands to differentiate the two sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiu Cao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cangyu Wang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Yongjing Yan
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Zixiu Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei,Department of Wound Repair; Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Correspondence: Prof. Haihong Li, Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China.
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4
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Inoue T, Kuwano T, Uehara Y, Yano M, Oya N, Takada N, Tanaka S, Ueda Y, Hachiya A, Takahashi Y, Ota N, Murase T. Non-invasive human skin transcriptome analysis using mRNA in skin surface lipids. Commun Biol 2022; 5:215. [PMID: 35264722 PMCID: PMC8907185 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive acquisition of mRNA data from the skin can be extremely useful for understanding skin physiology and diseases. Inspired by the holocrine process, in which the sebaceous glands secrete cell contents into the sebum, we focused on the possible presence of mRNAs in skin surface lipids (SSLs). We found that measurable levels of human mRNAs exist in SSLs, where the sebum protects them from degradation by RNases. The AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis was modified to measure SSL-RNA levels, and our results revealed that the SSL-RNAs predominantly comprised mRNAs derived from sebaceous glands, the epidermis, and hair follicles. Analysis of SSL-RNAs non-invasively collected from patients with atopic dermatitis revealed increased expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased expression of terminal differentiation-related genes, consistent with the results of previous reports. Further, we found that lipid synthesis-related genes were downregulated in the sebaceous glands of patients with atopic dermatitis. These results indicate that the analysis of SSL-RNAs is a promising strategy to understand the pathophysiology of skin diseases. Inoue et al develop a non-invasive method of analyzing human skin mRNA using RNA in skin surface lipids collected with oil-blotting films. The authors outline the validation of this methodology and describe an application to determine transcriptome in skin surface lipids in patients with atopic dermatitis versus healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Inoue
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kuwano
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yuya Uehara
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Michiko Yano
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Naoki Oya
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Naoto Takada
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Shodai Tanaka
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yui Ueda
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Akira Hachiya
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takahashi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Murase
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
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Cao M, Zhao J, Du L, Chen Z, Zhang L, Liu X, Cheng J, Yan Y, Zhang C, Li H. The combination of hair follicle-specific marker LHX2 and co-expressed marker can distinguish between sweat gland placodes and hair placodes in rat. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:1225-1232. [PMID: 34581932 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eccrine sweat gland (ESG) and hair follicle (HF) are different skin appendages but share many common development characteristics. Although the morphology of adult ESG and HF is obviously different, it is difficult to distinguish ESG placodes from HFs placodes morphologically. To study the fate determination of ESG and HF, specific antigen markers for ESG placodes and HF placodes must be found first to distinguish them. In the study, we detected the expression of commonly used keratins 4, 5, 7-10, 12, 14, 15, 17-20, 27 and 73, and the reported ESG and HF specific markers, P-cadherin, Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), LIM Homeobox gene 2 (LHX2), Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in ESG and HF placodes by single-immunofluorescence staining and double-immunofluorescence staining. To further verify the results of immunofluorescence staining, Western blot (WB) was used to detect the differential antigen and some co-expressed antigens of ESG and HF placodes. The results showed that both ESG and HF placodes expressed K4/5/14/1517/18, P-cadherin and LEF1, neither expressed K7/8/9/10/12/19/20/27/73, NKA or NKCC1. HF placodes specifically expressed LHX2. Combination of LHX2 and co-expressed antigen K14, can distinguish ESG placodes from HF placodes. We conclude that LHX2 is a specific marker for HF placodes, and ESG placodes and HF placodes can be distinguished by double immunofluorescence staining of the specific marker LHX2 and the co-expressed markers, such as K4, K5, K14, K15, K17, K18, P-cadherin and LEF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxiu Cao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Junhong Zhao
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lijie Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zixiu Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongjing Yan
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Jinzhou Medical University Graduate Training Base, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China. .,Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, China.
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6
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Györfi AH, Matei AE, Fuchs M, Liang C, Rigau AR, Hong X, Zhu H, Luber M, Bergmann C, Dees C, Ludolph I, Horch RE, Distler O, Wang J, Bengsch B, Schett G, Kunz M, Distler JH. Engrailed 1 coordinates cytoskeletal reorganization to induce myofibroblast differentiation. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201916. [PMID: 34259830 PMCID: PMC8288503 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a key mediator of fibroblast activation in fibrotic diseases, including systemic sclerosis. Here we show that Engrailed 1 (EN1) is reexpressed in multiple fibroblast subpopulations in the skin of SSc patients. We characterize EN1 as a molecular amplifier of TGFβ signaling in myofibroblast differentiation: TGFβ induces EN1 expression in a SMAD3-dependent manner, and in turn, EN1 mediates the profibrotic effects of TGFβ. RNA sequencing demonstrates that EN1 induces a profibrotic gene expression profile functionally related to cytoskeleton organization and ROCK activation. EN1 regulates gene expression by modulating the activity of SP1 and other SP transcription factors, as confirmed by ChIP-seq experiments for EN1 and SP1. Functional experiments confirm the coordinating role of EN1 on ROCK activity and the reorganization of cytoskeleton during myofibroblast differentiation, in both standard fibroblast culture systems and in vitro skin models. Consistently, mice with fibroblast-specific knockout of En1 demonstrate impaired fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and are partially protected from experimental skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandru-Emil Matei
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aleix Rius Rigau
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xuezhi Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Markus Luber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Ludolph
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H.W. Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Yang L, Li X, Luo Y, Yang T, Wang H, Shi L, Feng M, Xie W. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of the association between upregulated AMD1, EN1 and VGLL1 and the progression and poor prognosis of breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1030. [PMID: 34373716 PMCID: PMC8343771 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among females, but the molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and progression have remained to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to identify novel potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer. The dataset GSE76275 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify hub genes. Furthermore, the dataset GSE25055, containing gene expression data and clinical information, was downloaded to validate the expression and survival association of these hub genes. In addition, the datasets GSE25065 and GSE42568 were used to validate the association between hub gene expression levels and clinical features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, as well as proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis assays, were used to verify gene expression and function. A total of 4,052 genes were selected for WGCNA and 18 modules were established; the red module was identified as the key module, as it had a strong positive correlation with the tumor grade. Survival analyses of hub genes [S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme (AMD1), homeobox protein engrailed-1 (EN1) and vestigial-like protein (VGLL1)] indicated that higher levels of gene expression were associated with poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. This association was based on survival analysis of GSE25055 using the Kaplan-Meier plotter tool. Expression validation revealed that the upregulation of hub genes was associated with advanced tumor grade and malignant molecular subtype (basal-like). IHC results from the Human Protein Atlas also demonstrated that protein expression levels of the hub genes were higher in tumor tissues compared with those in adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, the expression levels of AMD1, EN1 and VGLL1 were strongly correlated with each other. These results demonstrated that AMD1 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells and AMD1 knockdown decreased the proliferation and metastatic potential, while increasing apoptosis of breast cancer cells. These results suggested that AMD1, EN1 and VGLL1 are likely to contribute to breast cancer progression and unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xuanfei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Luo
- Department of Emergency, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Tiecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Huaqiao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behavior of Hubei, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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8
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Baba S, Akashi T, Kayamori K, Ohuchi T, Ogawa I, Kubota N, Nakano K, Nagatsuka H, Hasegawa H, Matsuzaka K, Tomii S, Uchida K, Katsuta N, Sekiya T, Ando N, Miura K, Ishibashi H, Ariizumi Y, Asakage T, Michi Y, Harada H, Sakamoto K, Eishi Y, Okubo K, Ikeda T. Homeobox transcription factor engrailed homeobox 1 is a possible diagnostic marker for adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 2020; 71:113-123. [PMID: 33333616 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic utility of a homeobox transcription factor, engrailed homeobox 1 (En1) in the histopathology of salivary gland neoplasms was studied. The expression of En1 was immunohistochemically examined in 51 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and 143 cases of other salivary gland neoplasms. In all 51 AdCCs, En1 was expressed in 30-100% of tumor cells. In eight of nine polymorphous adenocarcinomas (PACs), En1 was expressed in 40-100% of tumor cells. Less than 5% of tumor cells expressed En1 in three of 12 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, one of 17 basal cell adenomas (BCAs), and one of 34 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs). Among 55 other carcinoma cases, 1-30% of tumor cells expressed En1 in three salivary duct carcinomas (SDCs) ex PA. None of the myoepitheliomas and Warthin tumors expressed En1. When the cut-off value of the percentage of En1-expressing cells was set to 25%, all 51 AdCCs, eight of nine PACs and one SDC ex PA were En1-positive and the others were En1-negative. En1 is expressed consistently in AdCCs, frequently in PACs, but rarely in other salivary gland neoplasms. En1 is a possible diagnostic marker for AdCC and PAC in the histopathology of salivary gland neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohuchi
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kubota
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Shohei Tomii
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchida
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Katsuta
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sekiya
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Ando
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Miura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishibashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ariizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Michi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Miura K, Akashi T, Namiki T, Hishima T, Bae Y, Sakurai U, Murano K, Shiraishi J, Warabi M, Tanizawa T, Tanaka M, Bhunchet E, Kumagai J, Ayabe S, Sekiya T, Ando N, Shintaku H, Kinowaki Y, Tomii S, Kirimura S, Kayamori K, Yamamoto K, Ito T, Eishi Y. Engrailed Homeobox 1 and Cytokeratin 19 Are Independent Diagnostic Markers of Eccrine Porocarcinoma and Distinguish It From Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2020; 154:499-509. [PMID: 32556098 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnostic utility of En1 in the histopathologic differentiation of eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) from invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was investigated. METHODS Expression of En1 and CK19 in 16 cases of EPC was immunohistochemically examined and compared with that in 32 cases of SCC. RESULTS In all 16 EPCs, En1 was expressed in 3% to 100% of tumor cells. In 20 of the 32 SCCs, En1 was expressed in 3% to 90% of tumor cells. A total of 13 of the 16 EPCs and five of the 32 SCCs were judged as En1 positive, with a cutoff value of 25%. In addition, 11 of the 16 EPCs and four of the 32 SCCs were CK19 positive. The frequencies of En1- and CK19-positive cases were significantly higher in EPCs than in SCCs. In a logistic regression analysis for predicting EPC, En1 and CK19 were independent markers. When expression patterns of En1 and CK19 were combined, none of the 32 SCCs was both positive. In contrast, 15 of the 16 EPCs were positive for either En1 or CK19. CONCLUSIONS A combination of En1 and CK19 expression can improve the accuracy of histologic diagnosis of EPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Miura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Namiki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuan Bae
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Urara Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keimei Murano
- Department of Dermatology, Soka Municipal Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Warabi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Tanizawa
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ekapot Bhunchet
- Department of Pathology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jiro Kumagai
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sekiya
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Ando
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shintaku
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kinowaki
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tomii
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurara Yamamoto
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Bell AH, Prieto VG, Ferrarotto R, Goepfert RP, Myers JN, Weber R, Bell D. Magnifying glass on spiradenoma and cylindroma histogenesis and tumorigenesis using systematic transcriptome analysis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 41:14-23. [PMID: 31128548 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spiradenoma and cylindroma are related sweat gland tumors. To delineate their histogenesis, gene profiles, and their potential drivers, we performed a whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis of fourteen samples of spiradenoma/cylindroma in comparison to normal samples. A total of 12 spiradenomas, 5 cylindromas, 3 hybrid spiradenomas/cylindromas and 2 adnexal carcinomas were included in this study. 1335 characteristic genes and transcripts expressed over all 14 spiradenoma/cylindroma tumors were identified, and two groups of expression profiles were observed. Highest upregulated top 7 gene signatures characterized benign tumors with developmental and differentiation related genes, and carcinomas with top 7 genes mainly related to signaling, reorganization and metabolism of membranes. Immunohistochemistry of protein expressions validated 4 upregulated genes (ODAM, HOXB13, MYB and SOX10) considered important and as potential biomarkers for spiradenomas and cylindromas. We further compared the transcriptome of eccrine adnexal tumors with the transcriptome of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) to identify the overlapping genes that may indicate histogenesis. There were 36 specific genes overlapping between adnexal carcinomas and the epithelial-dominant subtype of ACC, and 27 specific genes overlapping benign adnexal tumors with the myoepithelial-dominant subtype of ACC, At this point there is no known specific biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of eccrine spiradenoma and cylindroma in small samples or biopsies within the context of morphological overlap with ACC. In conclusion, spiradenomas and cylindromas are characterized by overexpressed developmental genes, where LHX2 and activated WNT signaling possibly drive associated carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim H Bell
- Department of Research Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan P Goepfert
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Randal Weber
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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