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Yasutake N, Yamamoto H, Kuga R, Jiromaru R, Hongo T, Katayama Y, Sonoda K, Yahata H, Kato K, Oda Y. Immunohistochemical p16 overexpression and Rb loss correlate with high-risk human papillomavirus infection in endocervical adenocarcinomas. Histopathology 2024; 84:1178-1191. [PMID: 38445509 DOI: 10.1111/his.15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS p16 is a sensitive surrogate marker for transcriptionally active high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA); however, its specificity is not perfect. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined p16 and Rb expressions by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the transcriptionally active HR-HPV infection by mRNA in-situ hybridisation (ISH) with histological review in 108 ECA cases. Thirteen adenocarcinomas of endometrial or equivocal origin (six endometrioid and seven serous carcinomas) were compared as the control group. HR-HPV was detected in 83 of 108 ECA cases (77%), including five HPV-associated adenocarcinomas in situ and 78 invasive HPV-associated adenocarcinomas. All 83 HPV-positive cases showed consistent morphology, p16 positivity and partial loss pattern of Rb. Among the 25 cases of HPV-independent adenocarcinoma, four (16%) were positive for p16, and of these four cases, three of 14 (21%) were gastric type adenocarcinomas and one of 10 (10%) was a clear cell type adenocarcinoma. All 25 HPV-independent adenocarcinomas showed preserved expression of Rb irrespective of the p16 status. Similarly, all 13 cases of the control group were negative for HR-HPV with preserved expression of Rb, even though six of 13 (46%) cases were positive for p16. Compared with p16 alone, the combination of p16 overexpression and Rb partial loss pattern showed equally excellent sensitivity (each 100%) and improved specificity (100 versus 73.6%) and positive predictive values (100 versus 89.2%) in the ECA and control groups. Furthermore, HR-HPV infection correlated with better prognosis among invasive ECAs. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the combined use of p16 and Rb IHC could be a reliable method to predict HR-HPV infection in primary ECAs and mimics. This finding may contribute to prognostic prediction and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Yasutake
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kyushu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuga
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rina Jiromaru
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Katayama
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sonoda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yahata
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Becker AS, Merkel J, Bozkurt I, Strüder DF, Maletzki C, Hühns M, Zimpfer AH. p16 overexpression identifies oncogenic high-risk HPV infection in non-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2024. [PMID: 38594829 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an increasing risk factor for cancer. HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with a favorable outcome. Blockstaining for p16 is a surrogate marker for HPV+ OPSCC. In oral and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC/LSCC), the relevance of p16 immunohistochemistry, alone or in combination with other cell cycle-related proteins, to identify HPV-driven non-OPSCC is less well understood. METHODS We stained for p16, pRb, cyclin D1, and p53 in 327 HNSCC. In 310 OPSCC, HPV-status was assessed by HPV DNA PCR. In 119 non-OPSCC, RNA in situ hybridization was additionally performed. HPV-status was correlated with staining patterns, p53 and clinical data. RESULTS The OPSCC showed blockstaining for p16 in 36%, 8% were equivocal. Of these, HPV-testing was performed in 57%, and 53% were positive for HPV DNA. HPV-association correlated with absence of pRb and cyclin D1 and favorable outcome. In non-OPSCC, 18% showed p16-blockstaining, and 13% showed E6/E7 RNA. Six of seven HPV+ OSCC and 8/8 LSCC lost pRb and cyclin D1. Compared to HPV-negative counterparts, patients with HPV+ cancers had lower rates of alcohol consumption and keratinizing morphology. HPV-positive OSCC had a longer overall survival (p < 0.05). HPV subtype 16 was the most common. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that HPV-positive non-OPSCC are associated with p16 overexpression and low levels of pRb and cyclin D1. High expression of pRb and cyclin D1 indicates HPV-negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Becker
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jenny Merkel
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inci Bozkurt
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Dental School, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Fabian Strüder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery "Otto Koerner", Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maja Hühns
- Institute of Pathology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Otsuji R, Hata N, Yamamoto H, Kuga D, Hatae R, Sangatsuda Y, Fujioka Y, Noguchi N, Sako A, Togao O, Yoshitake T, Nakamizo A, Mizoguchi M, Yoshimoto K. Hemizygous deletion of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B with p16 immuno-negative and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase retention predicts poor prognosis in IDH-mutant adult glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae069. [PMID: 39022644 PMCID: PMC11252564 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Homozygous deletion of the tumor suppression genes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) is a strong adverse prognostic factor in IDH-mutant gliomas, particularly astrocytoma. However, the impact of hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A/B is unknown. Furthermore, the influence of CDKN2A/B status in IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendroglioma remains controversial. We examined the impact of CDKN2A/B status classification, including hemizygous deletions, on the prognosis of IDH-mutant gliomas. Methods We enrolled 101 adults with IDH-mutant glioma between December 2002 and November 2021. CDKN2A/B deletion was evaluated with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Immunohistochemical analysis of p16/MTAP and promoter methylation analysis with methylation-specific MLPA was performed for cases with CDKN2A/B deletion. Kaplan - Meier plots and Cox proportion hazards model analyses were performed to evaluate the impact on overall (OS) and progression-free survival. Results Of 101 cases, 12 and 4 were classified as hemizygous and homozygous deletion, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed p16-negative and MTAP retention in cases with hemizygous deletion, whereas homozygous deletions had p16-negative and MTAP loss. In astrocytoma, OS was shorter in the order of homozygous deletion, hemizygous deletion, and copy-neutral groups (median OS: 38.5, 59.5, and 93.1 months, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed hazard ratios of 9.30 (P = .0191) and 2.44 (P = .0943) for homozygous and hemizygous deletions, respectively. Conclusions CDKN2A/B hemizygous deletions exerted a negative impact on OS in astrocytoma. Immunohistochemistry of p16/MTAP can be utilized to validate hemizygous or homozygous deletions in combination with conventional molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Otsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Noguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aki Sako
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Yoshitake
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamizo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yamamura K, Saito Y, Kobayashi K, Mukai T, Fukuoka O, Akashi K, Yoshida M, Ando M, Yamasoba T. p16 status and high-risk human papilloma virus infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. Auris Nasus Larynx 2023; 50:942-947. [PMID: 37098459 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The status of human papilloma virus (HPV) and p16 overexpression for nasal vestibule squamous cell carcinoma (NVSCC) is unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the presence of HPV and the role of p16 overexpression as a surrogate marker in cases of NVSCC. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who were diagnosed and treated for NVSCC at the University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan. p16 immunohistochemistry was considered positive with at least moderate staining intensity and diffuse staining (≥75% of tumor cells), according to the 8th edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer. HPV-DNA testing was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Five patients were included in the study. Ages ranged from 55 to 78 years; there were two men and three women; two had T2N0, and three had T4aN0. Surgery was performed in one case, surgery plus radiation therapy (RT) in one case, and chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in three cases. Four of the five tumors showed p16 overexpression. One of five cases had an HPV-16 genotype. The mean follow-up period was 73 months, and all the patients survived. One patient with p16-negative carcinoma had local recurrence and underwent salvage surgery. Of the four patients with p16-positive carcinoma, one with CRT and one with surgery plus RT, each had delayed cervical lymph node metastasis, which was salvaged with neck dissection subsequent RT. CONCLUSIONS In NVSCC, four of the five cases were p16-positive, and one was high-risk HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamura
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Saito
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mukai
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuoka
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Akashi
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kuga R, Yamamoto H, Jiromaru R, Hongo T, Yasumatsu R, Matsuo M, Hashimoto K, Taniguchi M, Nakagawa T, Oda Y. HPV Infection in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Oropharynx With Multisite Involvement. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:955-966. [PMID: 37357948 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and prognostic significance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) have been well-established in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), but not in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) or laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Moreover, HR-HPV infection in squamous cell carcinoma with multisite involvement has not been examined. To clarify these issues, we retrospectively collected 480 invasive tumors from 467 patients with HPSCC, LSCC, or OPSCC, and comprehensively analyzed the detailed tumor localization, transcriptionally active HR-HPV infection by messenger RNA in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical staining for p16 and Rb. HR-HPV infection was observed in 115/480 tumors (24%). Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cases were closely related with p16 positivity and the partial loss pattern of Rb. HR-HPV was detected in 104 of 161 tumors (64.6%) in the pure OPSCC group and only 1 of 253 tumors (0.4%) in the pure HP/LSCC group; the positive case occurred in the vocal cords. In the multisite-involving combined-type squamous cell carcinoma group, HPV infection was observed in 10/40 (25%) cases, and the 10 HPV-positive cases had OPSCC extending to the larynx or hypopharynx. Among high T-stage (T3/T4) cases of pure OPSCC, HPV-positive cases showed a better prognosis ( P =0.0144), whereas the HPV-positive combined OPSCC group did not show a better prognosis ( P =0.9428), as compared with HPV-negative counterpart. The results suggest that HR-HPV infection in pure HPSCC and LSCC may be extremely rare. HR-HPV infection seems to be present in a substantial proportion of patients with combined OPSCC and HPSCC/LSCC, but it may not improve prognosis at such advanced disease stages. Confirmation of these points awaits future studies with larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rina Jiromaru
- Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology
- Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Ryuji Yasumatsu
- Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mioko Matsuo
- Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Kazuki Hashimoto
- Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | | | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
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Hongo T, Yamamoto H, Kuga R, Komune N, Miyazaki M, Tsuchihashi NA, Noda T, Matsumoto N, Oda Y, Nakagawa T. High-risk HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma in the temporal bone: a rare but noteworthy subtype. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:539-550. [PMID: 36705751 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for the development of several head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). However, there have been few reports of high-risk HPV infection in temporal bone squamous cell carcinomas (TBSCCs), and thus the prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of high-risk HPV in TBSCCs are still unclear. We retrospectively collected 131 TBSCCs and analyzed them for transcriptionally active high-risk HPV infection using messenger RNA in situ hybridization; we also assessed the utility of p16-immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Rb-IHC to predict HPV infection. Eighteen (13.7%) of the 131 TBSCCs were positive for p16-IHC, and five of them were positive for high-risk HPV infection (the estimated high-risk HPV positivity rate was 3.8% [5/131]). Interestingly, all five HPV-positive patients were male and had TBSCC on the right side. In the p16-IHC+/HPV+ cases (n = 5), the Rb-IHC showed a partial loss pattern (n = 4) or complete loss pattern (n = 1). In contrast, all p16-IHC-negative cases (n = 113) showed an Rb-IHC preserved pattern. The positive predictive value (PPV) of p16-IHC positivity for high-risk HPV infection was low at 27.8%, while the combination of p16-IHC+/Rb-IHC partial loss pattern showed excellent reliability with a PPV of 100%. The prognostic significance of high-risk HPV infection remained unclear. High-risk HPV-related TBSCC is an extremely rare but noteworthy subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noritaka Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nana Akagi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Teppei Noda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nozomu Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Expression of Cell-Cycle Regulatory Proteins pRb, Cyclin D1, and p53 Is Not Associated with Recurrence Rates of Equine Sarcoids. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090474. [PMID: 36136690 PMCID: PMC9504470 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoids are among the most common tumors diagnosed in equids; their association with bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) infection has been widely reported, but the mechanism of carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. To verify whether BPV infection causes dysregulation of the pRb-Cyclin D1-p16CDKN2A-p53 pathway as reported for human papillomavirus (HPV), the study employed immunohistochemistry to test 55 equine sarcoid biopsies for the expression of pRb, Cyclin D1, and p53 cell cycle regulatory proteins and to evaluate the proliferative rate through Ki67. High Cyclin D1 and pRb expression were observed in 51% and 80% of cases, respectively, while low expression was observed in 49% and 20% of cases, respectively. Significantly higher Ki67 proliferation indexes were observed in fibroblastic, nodular, and mixed sarcoids compared to the occult and verrucous. High proliferation was significantly associated with high Cyclin D1 expression. In contrast with previous studies, p53 positivity was not observed in the cases examined in this study. Moreover, follow-up analysis revealed that fibroblastic, mixed sarcoids were associated with significantly higher local recurrence rates while the verrucous subtype was associated with higher rates of new sarcoid development at distant sites.
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Hongo T, Yamamoto H, Tanabe M, Yasumatsu R, Kuga R, Miyazaki Y, Jiromaru R, Hashimoto K, Tateishi Y, Sonoda KH, Nakagawa T, Oda Y. High-risk HPV-related Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Conjunctiva and Lacrimal sac: Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Diagnostic Utility of p16 and Rb Immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:977-987. [PMID: 34985048 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in conjunctival and lacrimal sac squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) has been sporadically reported; however, its prevalence, clinicopathologic significance and surrogate markers have not been fully elucidated. Here, we attempted to clarify these questions in Japanese patients with conjunctiva and lacrimal sac SCCs. We retrospectively collected 51 conjunctival SCC and 7 lacrimal sac SCC samples and analyzed them for (1) transcriptionally active high-risk HPV infection using messenger RNA in situ hybridization and (2) protein expressions of p16 and Rb using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Among a total of 58 cases, 25 (43.1%) and 16 (27.6%) tumors were positive for p16-IHC and HPV in situ hybridization, respectively. Ten (19.6%) of the 51 conjunctival SCCs, especially in the palpebral conjunctiva, and 6 (85.7%) of the 7 lacrimal sac SCCs were positive for high-risk HPV. High-risk HPV infection was significantly associated with younger patients, nonkeratinizing SCC histology, p16-positivity and partial loss of Rb expression, but not with recurrence risk. Notably, p16-IHC was not a perfect surrogate marker for high-risk HPV infection; only 64% (16/25) of p16-positive tumors were positive for high-risk HPV. In contrast, the p16+/Rb partial loss pattern was exclusively correlated with high-risk HPV-positivity. The results suggest that the combination of p16 and Rb expression patterns by IHC could be a useful method to predict high-risk HPV infection in conjunctival and lacrimal sac SCCs. HPV infection may be of less prognostic value in this field of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mika Tanabe
- Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Kuga
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology
- Otorhinolaryngology
| | | | | | | | | | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Agarwal S, van Zante A, Granados ML. Combined Neuroendocrine and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract: A Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis and Review of Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:1019-1033. [PMID: 35507300 PMCID: PMC9729485 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sinonasal malignancies constitute 3% of head and neck cancers, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) the most common histology. Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are rare, with a subset showing neuroendocrine carcinoma and a non-neuroendocrine component. The pathogenesis of these combined tumors is largely unknown, and TP53 driver mutations may play a role. A database search for combined NEC was performed across two institutions (UNM and UCSF) spanning 15 years. Excluding NUT midline carcinoma, 3 cases met inclusion criteria. All were morphologically NEC + SCC and underwent a comprehensive immunohistochemical evaluation. Tumors demonstrated two components histologically: moderately to poorly differentiated SCC and high-grade NEC. Divergent differentiation was confirmed with lineage-specific markers. Only one patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery, with a remarkable response (a marked decrease in the size of the primary lesion and resolution of liver metastases). Immunohistochemical staining for p53 was increased in 2 of 3 cases (both components), suggesting a role in the carcinogenesis of these tumors. Aberrant expression of beta-catenin was not identified. One case tested positive for p16, which can be seen in high grade NECs due to inactivation of Rb gene. Additionally, both cases with a small cell NEC component expressed PD-L1, suggesting that immunotherapy may be an effective treatment. Findings in this study support the role of p53 mutation in a subset of combined NEC + SCC of the sinonasal tract. Recognition of this rare entity is essential for optimal management of these aggressive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA ,Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Annemieke van Zante
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Michaela L. Granados
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC08 4640, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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A clinical analysis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a single-institution's experience. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:3717-3725. [PMID: 34978590 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We herein report the treatment outcome of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) at Kyushu University Hospital, the total number of OPSCC cases, and changes in the proportion of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related carcinomas over time. METHOD We performed a retrospective analysis of 237 cases treated for OPSCC at Kyushu University Hospital between 2013 and 2019. We performed HPV-mRNA in situ hybridization and p16 immunohistochemistry. RESULT This study included 197 males (82.1%) and 40 females (17.9%). The disease-specific, progression-free and overall survival (OS) were 69%, 62% and 61%, respectively, over the decade-long study period. p16-Immunohistochemistory and highrisk HPV mRNA in situ hybridization were positive in 114 (48.1%) and 105 (44.3%) cases, respectively. The number of HPV-related OPSCC cases increased according to an annual analysis. HPV+ cases had a significantly better prognosis than HPV- cases. In addition, p16+/HPV- cases had a significantly worse prognosis than p16+/HPV+ cases (OS: p = 0.0484). HPV+ OPSCC cases were associated with a younger age (< 60 years old) (p = 0.0429), non-smoker (p = 0.0001), lateral tumor site (< 0.00001), lymphoid metastasis (< 0.0001) and low clinical stage (< 0.0001). CONCLUSION The frequency of HPV-related OPSCC cases is increasing in Japan as well as worldwide, and such cases are characterized by no smoking habit, a young age, and a good prognosis. Even in p16+ OPSCC, HPV- cases had a poor prognosis, suggesting the importance of accurate HPV determination. To determine the intensity of treatment for HPV-related and non-related OPSCC, it is necessary to accumulate cases for the accurate HPV determination and comparison of treatment effects.
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Ide F, Ito Y, Kikuchi K, Satomura K, Ogawa I, Yamamoto H. Activating HRAS mutation in a case of inverted ductal papilloma of the salivary gland. Pathol Int 2021; 71:844-848. [PMID: 34547823 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inverted ductal papilloma (IDP) is one of the least common benign papillary/cystic neoplasms of the salivary duct system, being characterized histologically by florid hyperplasia of duct-type epithelial cells into a cystic lumen near the orifice with occasional endophytic growth of the surface squamous epithelium along the terminus of the affected excretory duct. Given its rarity, the exact etiology of IDP remains to be defined. We herein present the first evidence of oncogenic HRAS mutation in a case of oral IDP. This finding, together with the frequent and specific BRAF mutations in sialadenoma papilliferum reported in the recent literature, supports an active role of the MAP-kinase cascade in the pathogenesis of benign papillary neoplasms of terminal duct origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Ide
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Pathology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kikuchi
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Pathology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Satomura
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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