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Bogers S, Boyd A, Schim van der Loeff M, Geerlings S, Davidovich U. Opportunities for improved indicator-based HIV testing in the hospital setting: a structural equation model analysis. AIDS Care 2024; 36:840-848. [PMID: 37683267 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2254548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Indicator condition (IC)-guided HIV testing, i.e., testing when diagnosing a condition associated with HIV, is a feasible and cost-effective testing strategy to identify undiagnosed individuals. Assessing determinants for IC-guided testing may identify opportunities for improvement. A survey study based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was conducted among 163 hospital physicians from five specialties in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Structural equation models were used to determine the association between the TPB domains (i.e., attitude, belief, norms, self-efficacy and behavioural control) and (1) the intention to test as a mediator for HIV testing behaviour (intentional model) and (2) actual HIV testing behaviour (direct model). Both models accounted for the effect of guideline recommendations. Behaviour scored lower than intention on a five-point scale (mean score of 2.8, SD = 1.6 versus 3.8, SD = 1.1; p<0.0001). The direct model had a better fit than the intentional model based on fit statistics. Discrepancies between the determinants most important for intention versus those for behaviour led to the following recommendations: interventions to improve IC-guided testing in hospitals should primarily focus on implementation of guideline recommendations, followed by improving physicians' attitude towards IC-guided HIV testing and self-efficacy, as these were the most important correlates of actual HIV testing behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bogers
- Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Boyd
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schim van der Loeff
- Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Geerlings
- Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Udi Davidovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Özkaya HD, Elazab K, Turan B, Nazlı A, Öztürk B, Pullukçu H, Gökengin D. Missed Opportunities in HIV Testing in Turkiye: Implications for Late Diagnoses. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 96:77-84. [PMID: 38346425 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late diagnosis of HIV infection is a major global problem. In Turkiye, only 41%-50% of people living with HIV are diagnosed, suggesting that many opportunities for HIV testing might be missed. SETTING The aim of this study was to determine the missed testing opportunities for HIV in healthcare settings in Turkiye and the predictors for missed opportunities (MOs). METHODS The study included patients with a new HIV diagnosis, presenting to care between January 2018 and December 2020. They were given a verbal questionnaire face to face, by a telephone call or an online meeting for visits to a health care setting within the year before their diagnosis. Electronic medical records were also examined. RESULTS The sample included 198 patients with at least 1 visit to any health care setting, with a total of 1677 visits. Patients had an indication for HIV testing in 51.3% (861/1677) of the visits; an HIV test was not offered in 77.9% (671/861) and was considered a MO. The highest number of MOs was in emergency departments (59.8%) (180/301). The most common reason for visiting was constitutional symptoms and indicator conditions (55.4%) (929/1677). University graduates and those with a CD4+ T-cell count <200/mm 3 were more likely to have a MO. CONCLUSIONS Many opportunities to diagnose HIV at an early stage are missed in health care settings in Turkiye. Considering the rapidly increasing number of new diagnoses in the last decade, urgent action needs to be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Deniz Özkaya
- Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkiye
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Lee CY, Lin YP, Lin CY, Lu PL, Liang FW. Enhancing indicator condition-guided HIV testing in Taiwan: a nationwide case-control study from 2009 to 2015. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:967. [PMID: 38580963 PMCID: PMC10998297 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although indicator condition (IC)-guided HIV testing (IC-HIVT) is effective at facilitating timely HIV diagnosis, research on IC categories and the related HIV risk in Taiwan is limited. To improve the adoption and spread of IC-HIVT in Taiwan, this study compared the IC categories of people living with HIV (PLWH) and non-HIV controls and investigated delays in the diagnosis of HIV infection. METHODS This nationwide, retrospective, 1:10-matched case-control study analyzed data from the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and National Health Insurance Research Database to evaluate 42 ICs for the 5-year period preceding a matched HIV diagnostic date from 2009 to 2015. The ICs were divided into category 1 ICs (AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses [AOIs]), category 2 ICs (diseases associated with impaired immunity or malignancy but not AOIs), category 3 ICs (ICs associated with sexual behaviors), and category 4 ICs (mononucleosis or mononucleosis-like syndrome). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the HIV risk associated with each IC category (at the overall and annual levels) before the index date. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to assess changes in diagnostic delays following an incident IC category by HIV transmission routes. RESULTS Fourteen thousand three hundred forty-seven PLWH were matched with 143,470 non-HIV controls. The prevalence results for all ICs and category 1-4 ICs were, respectively, 42.59%, 11.16%, 15.68%, 26.48%, and 0.97% among PLWH and 8.73%, 1.05%, 4.53%, 3.69%, and 0.02% among non-HIV controls (all P < 0.001). Each IC category posed a significantly higher risk of HIV infection overall and annually. The median (interquartile range) potential delay in HIV diagnosis was 15 (7-44), 324.5 (36-947), 234 (13-976), and 74 (33-476) days for category 1-4 ICs, respectively. Except for category 1 for men who have sex with men, these values remained stable across 2009-2015, regardless of the HIV transmission route. CONCLUSIONS Given the ongoing HIV diagnostic delay, IC-HIVT should be upgraded and adapted to each IC category to enhance early HIV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Pei Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- M.Sc. Program in Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C..
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C..
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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Barbanotti D, Tincati C, Tavelli A, Santoro A, Sala M, Bini T, De Bona A, d’Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti GC. HIV-Indicator Condition Guided Testing in a Hospital Setting. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1014. [PMID: 37109543 PMCID: PMC10145962 DOI: 10.3390/life13041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Late diagnosis is still a major issue in HIV infection management, leading to important consequences for both patients and community. In this perspective, HIV screening targeted on some clinical conditions (HIV indicator conditions-HIVICs) emerged as a useful strategy, also involving patients not considered at high behavioral risk. We organized an in-hospital HIVICs guided screening campaign named ICEBERG in Milan, Italy, between 2019 and 2021. Among the 520 subjects enrolled, mainly presenting with viral hepatitis or mononucleosis-like syndrome, 20 resulted HIV positive (3.8% prevalence). A significant proportion of them had multiple conditions and advanced immunosuppression, with 40% being AIDS-presenters. As adherence to the screening campaign was modest for non-ID specialists, educational interventions to raise clinicians' sensitivity are urgently needed. HIV-ICs guided testing was confirmed as a useful tool, but a combined approach with other screening strategies seems to be essential for early HIV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Barbanotti
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Characteristics and short- and long-term direct medical costs among adults with timely and delayed presentation for HIV care in the Netherlands. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280877. [PMID: 36753495 PMCID: PMC9907815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Europe, half of people living with HIV (PLWH) present late to care, with associated higher morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess short- and long-term costs of HIV-care based on time of presentation and identify other factors contributing to higher costs in the first and fifth year after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included ATHENA cohort data which prospectively includes 98% of PLWH in the Netherlands. PLWH who initiated ART in 2013 were included and followed over five years. PLWH were divided in three categories based on CD4 cell-count at time of ART initiation: timely presentation (CD4>350cells/μL), late presentation (CD4 200-350cells/μL or >350cells/μL with AIDS-defining illness) and very late presentation (CD4<200cells/μL). The total HIV-care cost was calculated distinguishing ART medication and non-ART medication costs (hospitalization, outpatient clinic visits, co-medications, and HIV-laboratory tests). RESULTS From 1,296 PLWH, 273 (21%) presented late and 179 (14%) very late. Nearly half of those who entered HIV-care in a very late stage were of non-Dutch origin, with 21% originating from sub-Saharan Africa. The mean cost per patient in the first year was €12,902 (SD€11,098), of which about two-thirds due to ART (€8,250 (SD€3,142)). ART costs in the first and fifth year were comparable regardless of time of presentation. During the first year on treatment, non-ART medication costs were substantially higher among those with late presentation (€4,749 (SD€8,009)) and very late presentation (€15,886 (SD€ 21,834)), compared with timely presentation (€2,407(SD€4,511)). Higher non-ART costs were attributable to hospitalization and co-medication. The total non-ART costs incurred across five years on treatment were 56% and 246% higher for late and very late presentation respectively as compared to timely presentation. CONCLUSION Very late presentation is associated with substantial costs, with non-ART costs nearly seven times higher than for those presenting timely. Hospitalization and co-medication costs are likely to continue to drive higher costs for individuals with late presentation into the future. Programs that identify individuals earlier will therefore likely provide significant short- and long-term health cost savings.
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Jordans CC, Vasylyev M, Rae C, Jakobsen ML, Vassilenko A, Dauby N, Grevsen AL, Jakobsen SF, Raahauge A, Champenois K, Papot E, Malin JJ, Boender TS, Behrens GM, Gruell H, Neumann A, Spinner CD, Valbert F, Akinosoglou K, Kostaki EG, Nozza S, Giacomelli A, Lapadula G, Mazzitelli M, Torti C, Matulionyte R, Matulyte E, Van Welzen BJ, Hensley KS, Thompson M, Ankiersztejn-Bartczak M, Skrzat-Klapaczyńska A, Săndulescu O, Streinu-Cercel A, Streinu-Cercel A, Miron VD, Pokrovskaya A, Hachfeld A, Dorokhina A, Sukach M, Lord E, Sullivan AK, Rokx C. National medical specialty guidelines of HIV indicator conditions in Europe lack adequate HIV testing recommendations: a systematic guideline review. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2200338. [PMID: 36695464 PMCID: PMC9716648 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.48.2200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAdequate identification and testing of people at risk for HIV is fundamental for the HIV care continuum. A key strategy to improve timely testing is HIV indicator condition (IC) guided testing.AimTo evaluate the uptake of HIV testing recommendations in HIV IC-specific guidelines in European countries.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2021, European HIV experts reviewed guideline databases to identify all national guidelines of 62 HIV ICs. The proportion of HIV IC guidelines recommending HIV testing was reported, stratified by subgroup (HIV IC, country, eastern/western Europe, achievement of 90-90-90 goals and medical specialty).ResultsOf 30 invited European countries, 15 participated. A total of 791 HIV IC guidelines were identified: median 47 (IQR: 38-68) per country. Association with HIV was reported in 69% (545/791) of the guidelines, and 46% (366/791) recommended HIV testing, while 42% (101/242) of the AIDS-defining conditions recommended HIV testing. HIV testing recommendations were observed more frequently in guidelines in eastern (53%) than western (42%) European countries and in countries yet to achieve the 90-90-90 goals (52%) compared to those that had (38%). The medical specialties internal medicine, neurology/neurosurgery, ophthalmology, pulmonology and gynaecology/obstetrics had an HIV testing recommendation uptake below the 46% average. None of the 62 HIV ICs, countries or medical specialties had 100% accurate testing recommendation coverage in all their available HIV IC guidelines.ConclusionFewer than half the HIV IC guidelines recommended HIV testing. This signals an insufficient adoption of this recommendation in non-HIV specialty guidelines across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn C.E. Jordans
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline Rae
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Louise Jakobsen
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity & Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Vassilenko
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Economics of Public Health, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Louise Grevsen
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity & Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Finne Jakobsen
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity & Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Raahauge
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity & Infections (CHIP), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jakob J. Malin
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - T. Sonia Boender
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany,ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Georg M.N Behrens
- Hannover Medical School, Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Gruell
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Neumann
- Institute for Health Care Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph D. Spinner
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederik Valbert
- Institute for Health Care Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelia G. Kostaki
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andrea Giacomelli
- III Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lapadula
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzitelli
- Magna Graecia University of Cantanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raimonda Matulionyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University; Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elzbieta Matulyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University; Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Berend J. Van Welzen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kathryn S. Hensley
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Agata Skrzat-Klapaczyńska
- Hospital for Infectious Diseases Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oana Săndulescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof.Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof.Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Streinu-Cercel
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof.Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anastasia Pokrovskaya
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Hachfeld
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonina Dorokhina
- National Children's Specialized Hospital “OKHMATDYT” of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,O.O.Bogomolets’ National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Sukach
- O.O.Bogomolets’ National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Emily Lord
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann K. Sullivan
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Casper Rokx
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Filippidis P, Francini K, Jacot-Guillarmod M, Mathevet P, Lhopitallier L, Cavassini M, Darling KEA. HIV testing in termination of pregnancy and colposcopy services: a scoping review. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 98:143-149. [PMID: 34544889 PMCID: PMC8862085 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-055111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women and girls are relatively under-represented across the HIV treatment cascade. Two conditions unique to women, pregnancy and cervical cancer/dysplasia, share a common acquisition mode with HIV. This scoping review aimed to explore HIV testing practices in voluntary termination of pregnancy (TOP) and colposcopy services. Methods The scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched articles published up to 20 December 2020 using three electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar) and including the keywords “HIV Testing”, “Abortion, Induced”, “Colposcopy”, “HIV screen*” and “termination of pregnancy”. Results A total of 1496 articles were identified, of which 55 met the inclusion criteria. We included studies providing background HIV prevalence in addition to prevalence in the study population and studies of women seeking TOP rather than presenting with TOP complications. This limited our review to high-income, low HIV prevalence settings. We observed two study phases: studies pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) using unlinked anonymous testing data and examining HIV risk factors associated with positive HIV tests and studies post-ART using routine testing data and exploring HIV testing uptake. HIV prevalence was estimated at >0.2% in most TOP settings and >1% (range 1.7%–11.4%) in colposcopy services. Many TOP providers did not have local HIV testing policies and HIV testing was not mentioned in many specialist guidelines. Testing uptake was 49%–96% in TOP and 23%–75% in colposcopy services. Conclusion Given the estimated HIV prevalence of >0.1% among women attending TOP and colposcopy services, HIV testing would be economically feasible to perform in high-income settings. Explicit testing policies are frequently lacking in these two settings, both at the local level and in specialist guidelines. Offering HIV testing regardless of risk factors could normalise testing, reduce late HIV presentation and create an opportunity for preventive counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevas Filippidis
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katyuska Francini
- Service of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrice Mathevet
- Service of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Lhopitallier
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katharine E A Darling
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland .,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Promoting HIV indicator condition-guided testing in hospital settings (PROTEST 2.0): study protocol for a multicentre interventional study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:519. [PMID: 34078315 PMCID: PMC8173796 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late presentation remains a key barrier towards controlling the HIV epidemic. Indicator conditions (ICs) are those that are AIDS-defining, associated with a prevalence of undiagnosed HIV > 0.1%, or whose clinical management would be impeded if an HIV infection were undiagnosed. IC-guided HIV testing is an effective strategy in identifying undiagnosed HIV, but opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis through IC-guided testing are being missed. We present a protocol for an interventional study to improve awareness of IC-guided testing and increase HIV testing in patients presenting with ICs in a hospital setting. Methods We designed a multicentre interventional study to be implemented at five hospitals in the region of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Seven ICs were selected for which HIV test ratios (proportion of patients with an IC tested for HIV) will be measured: tuberculosis, cervical/vulvar cancer or high-grade cervical/vulvar dysplasia, malignant lymphoma, hepatitis B and C, and peripheral neuropathy. Prior to the intervention, a baseline assessment of HIV test ratios across ICs will be performed in eligible patients (IC diagnosed January 2015 through May 2020, ≥18 years, not known HIV positive) and an assessment of barriers and facilitators for HIV testing amongst relevant specialties will be conducted using qualitative (interviews) and quantitative methods (questionnaires). The intervention phase will consist of an educational intervention, including presentation of baseline results as competitive graphical audit and feedback combined with discussion on implementation and opportunities for improvement. The effect of the intervention will be assessed by comparing HIV test ratios of the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. The primary endpoint is the HIV test ratio within ±3 months of IC diagnosis. Secondary endpoints are the HIV test ratio within ±6 months of diagnosis, ratio ever tested for HIV, HIV positivity percentage, proportion of late presenters and proportion with known HIV status prior to initiating treatment for their IC. Discussion This protocol presents a strategy aimed at increasing awareness of the benefits of IC-guided testing and increasing HIV testing in patients presenting with ICs in hospital settings to identify undiagnosed HIV in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Trial registration Dutch trial registry: NL7521. Registered 14 February 2019. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06183-8.
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Raben D, Sullivan A. Implementation of indicator condition guided HIV testing still lagging behind the evidence. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 36:100918. [PMID: 34124637 PMCID: PMC8173272 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Raben
- CHIP, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ann Sullivan
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Bogers S, Hulstein S, Schim van der Loeff M, de Bree G, Reiss P, van Bergen J, Geerlings S. Current evidence on the adoption of indicator condition guided testing for HIV in western countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 35:100877. [PMID: 34027336 PMCID: PMC8129933 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indicator condition (IC) guided testing for HIV is an effective way to identify undiagnosed people living with HIV, but studies suggest its implementation is lacking. This systematic review provides an overview of the adoption of IC-guided testing in Western countries. METHODS Seven ICs were selected: tuberculosis (TB), malignant lymphoma, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cervical/vulvar carcinoma/intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CC/CIN2+, VC/VIN2+), and peripheral neuropathy (PN). Embase and Ovid MEDLINE were searched up to November 20th, 2020. Publications of all types, using data from ≥2009, reporting on HIV test ratios in patients ≥18 years in all settings in Western countries were eligible. HIV test ratios and positivity were reported per IC. A random effects-model for proportions was used to calculate estimated proportions (ES) with 95% CIs. This study was registered at PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020160243. FINDINGS Fifty-seven references, including 23 full-text articles and 34 other publications were included. Most (28/57) reported on HIV testing in TB. No reports on HIV testing in VC/VIN2+ or PN patients were eligible for inclusion. Large variation in HIV test ratios was observed between and within ICs, resulting from different testing approaches. Highest HIV test ratios (pooled ratio: 0·72, 95%CI 0·63-0·80) and positivity (0·05, 95% CI 0·03-0·06) were observed among TB patients, and lowest among CC/CIN2+ patients (pooled ES test ratio: 0·12, 95%CI 0·01-0·31, positivity: 0·00, 95%CI 0·00-0·00). INTERPRETATION IC-guided HIV testing is insufficiently implemented in Western countries. The large variation in test ratios provides insight into priority areas for implementing routine IC-guided HIV testing in the future. FUNDING HIV Transmission Elimination in Amsterdam (H-TEAM) consortium and Aidsfonds (grant number P-42,702).
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Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Bogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, room D3-226, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
| | - S.H. Hulstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M.F. Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, room D3-226, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G.J. de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, room D3-226, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
| | - P. Reiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, room D3-226, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J.E.A.M van Bergen
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Netherlands
- STI AIDS Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S.E. Geerlings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, room D3-226, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
| | - HIV Transmission Elimination AMsterdam (H-TEAM) Consortium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, room D3-226, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Netherlands
- STI AIDS Netherlands, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lin YD, Eades L, Nair A, Korman TM, Woolley I. Review of HIV testing recommendations in Australian specialty guidelines for HIV indicator conditions: a missed opportunity for recommending testing? Intern Med J 2021; 50:293-298. [PMID: 31566841 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australian National human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Testing policy recommends HIV indicator condition-based testing, adapted from the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines. AIM To evaluate the extent that Australian non-HIV specialty guidelines mention and recommend HIV testing in HIV indicator conditions. METHODS EACS guidelines were reviewed to produce a list of 24 AIDS-defining conditions (ADC) and 31 indicator conditions (IC) where HIV prevalence >0.1%, and 5 IC where HIV non-diagnosis would have adverse effect on patients' management. Australian guidelines for these conditions were identified from websites of specialty societies, electronic Therapeutic Guidelines, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), state governments, MEDLINE and Google searches. We identified eight key IC as that were part of the HIDES I study. RESULTS Overall, 51 ADC and IC had Australian guidelines: 24/51(47%) mention association with HIV and 14/51 (27%) recommend HIV testing. Twenty-five out of 51 (49%) Australian guidelines were for ADC: 18/25(72%) mention association with HIV and 5/25 (20%) recommend testing. Twenty-five out of 51 (49%) were guidelines IC with HIV prevalence of 0.1%: 6/25 (24%) mention HIV association and 8/25 (32%) recommend HIV testing. Two of eight (25%) key IC had no Australian guidelines and 3/8 (38%) do not mention HIV association or recommend HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS Although almost half of HIV non-HIV guidelines for ADC and IC mention HIV association, only 27% specifically recommend HIV testing. This suggests partnership with guideline development and specialist groups may be useful to ensure patients diagnosed with ADC/IC are tested for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dan Lin
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Eades
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ajit Nair
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony M Korman
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Woolley
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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King K, Seah J, Cheng A, Whiting S, Hoy J. Missed opportunities for HIV testing persist despite a single educational intervention: how can we close this evidence-practice gap? Intern Med J 2021; 50:285-292. [PMID: 31276275 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, one-third of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses occur late, with an estimated 11% of people with HIV unaware of their diagnosis. Undiagnosed and untreated HIV infection increases morbidity in the HIV positive person and allows onward transmission of HIV. AIM To determine the rate of HIV testing in acute general medicine patients with HIV indicator conditions (IC) and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving testing rates. METHODS Single-centre, tertiary hospital, before-after study of general medicine inpatients with IC for 12 weeks prior and 10 weeks post an educational intervention focusing on recommendations for HIV testing including IC. The REASON Cohort Discovery Tool was used to search for the IC using ICD-10 codes and laboratory data. The presence of IC was estimated, and HIV testing rates before and after the intervention were compared. Regression analysis was utilised to identify characteristics associated with HIV testing. RESULTS Of 1414 admissions in the baseline period and 946 in the post-period, 161 (11.4%) and 132 (14.0%) had at least one IC present respectively. There were 18 (11.2%) HIV tests performed for admissions with IC in the pre-period which increased to 27 (20.5%) (P = 0.028) in the post-period. Younger patients were more likely to be tested and regression analysis identified the educational intervention (adjusted odds ratio) 2.2 (1.1, 4.4) to be significantly associated with testing. CONCLUSIONS Although HIV testing rates for IC doubled following the intervention, they remained unacceptably low. The recently introduced electronic medical record presents opportunities to prompt HIV testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine King
- Department of General Medicine, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jarrel Seah
- Applications Knowledge Management, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whiting
- Department of General Medicine, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Hoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Akinosoglou K, Kostaki EG, Paraskevis D, Gogos CA. Assessment of HIV testing recommendations in Greek specialty guidelines: A missed opportunity and room for improvement for recommending testing. AIDS Care 2021; 33:1312-1315. [PMID: 33678071 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1876837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV testing for individuals presenting with indicator conditions (ICs) including AIDS-defining conditions (ADCs) is explicitly recommended by European guidelines. We aimed to review specialty guidelines in Greece and assess if HIV was discussed and testing recommended. We reviewed European guidelines to produce a list of 25 ADCs and 48 ICs. We identified Greek guidelines for 11 of 25 (44%) ADCs and 30 of 48 (63%) ICs. In total, 47 guidelines were reviewed (range: 1-6 per condition); 11 (23%) for ADCs and 36 (77%) for ICs. Association with HIV was discussed in 7 of 11 (64%) ADC and 8 of 36 IC guidelines (22%), whereas HIV testing was appropriately recommended in two of 11 ADC (18%) and 10 of 36 IC guidelines (28%). Significant differences were found for the distribution of recommendations to test in both types of condition, with ICs having higher percentage of non-recommendation (50%, p < 0.05). No association was found between source of guideline or publication year and testing recommendation. Most guidelines for ICs and ADCs do not recommend testing. Specialists managing most ICs and ADCs may be unaware of the actual prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection among their patients or the respective recommendations produced by HIV societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | - Evangelia Georgia Kostaki
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos A Gogos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patra, Greece
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14
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Basoulis D, Kostaki EG, Paraskevis D, Hatzakis A, Psichogiou M. Tracking missed opportunities for an early HIV diagnosis in a population of people living with HIV with known time of infection. Sex Transm Infect 2021; 98:79-84. [PMID: 33608478 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of 90-90-90 first requires the expansion of access to HIV testing. Our aim was to record frequencies of HIV indicator conditions (ICs) and identify missed opportunities for an early HIV diagnosis. METHODS We retrospectively identified ICs in a population of 231 people living with HIV with known infection dates who attended our clinic. The study population was divided into four groups: (1) those self-tested pre-emptively (47/231, 20.3%), (2) those offered targeted testing based on risk factors (67/231, 29%), (3) those tested after an IC (73/231, 31.6%) and (4) those who were not offered testing after an IC (44/231, 19%). HIV acquisition dates were estimated by molecular clock analysis. RESULTS A total of 169 healthcare contacts (HCCs) were recorded. The most frequent HCC was mononucleosis-like syndrome (20.1%), unexplained weight loss (10.7%) and STIs (10.1%). AIDS-defining conditions were detected in 11.8%. Only 62.4% (73/117) of those with an IC were offered testing after their first HCC. Patients in group 4 had statistically significant delay in diagnosis compared with group 3 (109.1 weeks (IQR 56.4-238.6) vs 71.6 weeks (IQR 32.3-124.6)). The proportion of patients diagnosed as late presenters in each group was: (1) 16/47 (34%), (2) 37/67 (55.2%), (3) 43/73 (58.9%) and (4) 27/44 (61.4%) (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Our study uses a combination of molecular and clinical data and shows evidence that late presentation occurs in a high proportion of patients even in the presence of an IC. Given that risk-based targeted testing has low coverage, IC-guided testing provides a reasonable alternative to facilitate earlier HIV diagnosis and to improve late diagnosis across Europe and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Basoulis
- 1st Internal Medicine Department, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Evangelia Georgia Kostaki
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Mina Psichogiou
- 1st Internal Medicine Department, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Attica, Greece
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15
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Desai S, Tavoschi L, Sullivan AK, Combs L, Raben D, Delpech V, Jakobsen SF, Amato‐Gauci AJ, Croxford S. HIV testing strategies employed in health care settings in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA): evidence from a systematic review. HIV Med 2020; 21:163-179. [PMID: 31729150 PMCID: PMC7065119 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the availability of HIV testing guidelines to facilitate prompt diagnosis, late HIV diagnosis remains high across Europe. The study synthesizes recent evidence on HIV testing strategies adopted in health care settings in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and systematic searches were run in five databases (2010-2017) to identify studies describing HIV testing interventions in health care settings in the EU/EEA. The grey literature was searched for unpublished studies (2014-2017). Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction and critical appraisal. RESULTS One hundred and thirty intervention and/or feasibility studies on HIV testing in health care settings were identified. Interventions included testing provision (n = 94), campaigns (n = 14) and education and training for staff and patients (n = 20). HIV test coverage achieved through testing provision varied: 2.9-94% in primary care compared to 3.9-66% in emergency departments. HIV test positivity was lower in emergency departments (0-1.3%) and antenatal services (0-0.05%) than in other hospital departments (e.g. inpatients: 0-5.3%). Indicator condition testing programmes increased HIV test coverage from 3.9-72% before to 12-85% after their implementation, with most studies reporting a 10-20% increase. There were 51 feasibility and/or acceptability studies that demonstrated that HIV testing interventions were generally acceptable to patients and providers in health care settings (e.g. general practitioner testing acceptable: 77-93%). CONCLUSIONS This review has identified several strategies that could be adopted to achieve high HIV testing coverage across a variety of health care settings and populations in the EU/EEA. Very few studies compared the intervention under investigation to a baseline, but, where this was assessed, data suggested increases in testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Desai
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and ControlPublic Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - L Tavoschi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlSolnaSweden
- University of PisaPisaItaly
| | - AK Sullivan
- Directorate of HIV and Sexual HealthChelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - L Combs
- CHIPRigshospitalet ‐ University of CopenhagenCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - D Raben
- CHIPRigshospitalet ‐ University of CopenhagenCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - V Delpech
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and ControlPublic Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - SF Jakobsen
- CHIPRigshospitalet ‐ University of CopenhagenCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - AJ Amato‐Gauci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlSolnaSweden
| | - S Croxford
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and ControlPublic Health EnglandLondonUK
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16
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Human immunodeficiency disease in new diagnoses of head and neck squamous cell cancer: are we testing? The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2019; 133:1038-1040. [PMID: 31708001 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215119002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus infected patients have a three-fold increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The British HIV Association recommends human immunodeficiency virus testing in all new diagnoses of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVES This observational study aimed to examine the current routine practice of human immunodeficiency virus testing in patients with newly diagnosed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to address the importance of this test in promoting the early diagnosis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS All head and neck cancer multidisciplinary teams in England were questioned on their protocol for human immunodeficiency virus testing in new diagnoses of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS Only 1 out of 30 hospitals leading head and neck multidisciplinary teams (3.3 per cent) routinely offered human immunodeficiency virus testing in this high-risk patient group. CONCLUSION This observational study highlights that head and neck specialists are not aware of, and are consequently not complying with, routine human immunodeficiency virus testing as recommended by the British HIV Association guidelines.
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Raben D, Sullivan AK, Mocroft A, Kutsyna G, Hadžiosmanović V, Vassilenko A, Chkhartisvili N, Mitsura V, Pedersen C, Anderson J, Begovac J, Bak Dragsted U, Bertisch B, Grzeszczuk A, Minton J, Necsoi VC, Kitchen M, Ajana F, Sokhan A, Comi L, Farazmand P, Pesut D, De Wit S, Gatell JM, Gazzard B, d’Arminio Monforte A, Rockstroh JK, Yazdanpanah Y, Champenois K, Jakobsen ML, Lundgren JD. Improving the evidence for indicator condition guided HIV testing in Europe: Results from the HIDES II Study - 2012 - 2015. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220108. [PMID: 31408476 PMCID: PMC6692030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is cost-effective to perform an HIV test in people with specific indicator conditions (IC) with an undiagnosed HIV prevalence of at least 0.1%. Our aim was to determine the HIV prevalence for 14 different conditions across 20 European countries. METHODS Individuals aged 18-65 years presenting for care with one of 14 ICs between January 2012 and June 2014 were included and routinely offered an HIV test. Logistic regression assessed factors associated with testing HIV positive. Patients presenting with infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome (IMS) were recruited up until September 2015. RESULTS Of 10,877 patients presenting with an IC and included in the analysis, 303 tested positive (2.8%; 95% CI 2.5-3.1%). People presenting with an IC in Southern and Eastern Europe were more likely to test HIV positive as were people presenting with IMS, lymphadenopathy and leukocytopenia/ thrombocytopenia. One third of people diagnosed with HIV after presenting with IMS reported a negative HIV test in the preceding 12 months. Of patients newly diagnosed with HIV where data was available, 92.6% were promptly linked to care; of these 10.4% were reported lost to follow up or dead 12 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSION The study showed that 10 conditions had HIV prevalences > 0.1%. These 10 ICs should be adopted into HIV testing and IC specialty guidelines. As IMS presentation can mimic acute HIV sero-conversion and has the highest positivity rate, this IC in particular affords opportunities for earlier diagnosis and public health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Raben
- Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Kathleen Sullivan
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Mocroft
- University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vesna Hadžiosmanović
- Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Infectious Diseases Clinic, Sarajevo, Bosnia
| | | | | | | | | | - Jane Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Josip Begovac
- University Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Jane Minton
- St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Faiza Ajana
- Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Anton Sokhan
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Laura Comi
- Ospedale di Bergamo, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Dragica Pesut
- University of Belgrade School of Medicine, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stephane De Wit
- Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - José Maria Gatell
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona/IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian Gazzard
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Louise Jakobsen
- Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Dilling Lundgren
- Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Matulionytė R, Žagminas K, Balčiūnaitė E, Matulytė E, Paulauskienė R, Bajoriūnienė A, Ambrozaitis A. Routine HIV testing program in the University Infectious Diseases Centre in Lithuania: a four-year analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:21. [PMID: 30616558 PMCID: PMC6322331 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV transmission remains a major concern in Eastern Europe, and too many people are diagnosed late. Expanded testing strategies and early and appropriate access to care are required. Infectious disease departments might be targets for expanded HIV testing owing to the intense passage of key patient populations that carry indicators of HIV disease. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of a fully integrated, opt-out routine, rapid HIV testing program. METHODS A retrospective four-year study of a screening program was conducted from 2010 through 2014. The program was divided into two periods: from 2010 to 2012 (pilot study) and from 2013 to 2014. The pilot study consisted of routine HIV testing of patients aged 18-55 that were hospitalized in one department. In the second period, all inpatients aged 18-65 were eligible. Targeted testing was conducted in the other inpatient department during the pilot study and the outpatient department during both periods. RESULTS During the pilot study, 2203 patients were hospitalized, 1314 (59.6%) were eligible, 954 (72.6%) were tested, and 3 (0.31%) were newly diagnosed HIV-positive. In the second period, 4911 patients were hospitalized, 3727 (75.9%) were eligible, 3303 (88.6%) were tested, and 7 (0.21%) were HIV-positive. In total, 2800 targeted tests were performed, and 4 (0.14%) patients tested positive with newly discovered HIV. All 14 newly diagnosed patients were provided with care. Comparing cumulative groups of routine and targeted testing, the HIV prevalence was 0.23% vs. 0.14% (p = 0.40) and was above the reported cost-effectiveness threshold of 0.1% (p = 0.012). A lower proportion of advanced disease and a higher proportion of heterosexually transmitted infection were found in the routine testing group. CONCLUSION Routine HIV testing in admissions of infectious diseases is acceptable, feasible, sustainable and clinically effective. Compared to targeted testing, routine testing helped to discover more patients in earlier stages and those with heterosexually transmitted HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimonda Matulionytė
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Žagminas
- Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Balčiūnaitė
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elžbieta Matulytė
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasutė Paulauskienė
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almina Bajoriūnienė
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Ambrozaitis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Infectious Diseases Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Lin YD, Garner SE, Lau JSY, Korman TM, Woolley IJ. Prevalence of HIV indicator conditions in late presenting patients with HIV: a missed opportunity for diagnosis? QJM 2019; 112:17-21. [PMID: 30295832 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate prior prevalence of HIV indicator conditions in late-presenters with HIV infection. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study between 2000 and 2014 in a healthcare network in Melbourne, Australia comparing patients presenting with late diagnosis of HIV infection (CD4 < 350 cells/ml) to those patients who had a CD greater than or equal to 350 cells/ml at presentation. METHOD The European AIDS Clinical Society guidelines on HIV indicator guided testing were used to assess for any indicator conditions in their prior medical history which may have represented a missed opportunity for earlier diagnosis. Main outcome measures: Descriptive statistics and prevalence of HIV indicator conditions. RESULTS Of 436 patients with HIV infection, 82 were late presenters. Late presenters were more commonly male (83% vs. 75%, P = 0.11), older (mean age 45 vs. 39 years), born overseas (61% vs. 58%, P = 0.68) and report heterosexual transmission as their exposure risk (51% vs. 31%, P < 0.001). Of 80 patients with late presentation of HIV infection, 54 (55%) had at least one, 29 (36%) at least 2, 12 (15%) at least 3 and 5 (6%) had 4 or more previous HIV indicator conditions which would have triggered HIV testing according to guidelines. The most common indicator conditions were: unexplained loss of weight (31%), herpes zoster (10%), thrombocytopenia or leukopenia (10%), oral or oesophageal candidiasis (10%) and community acquired pneumonia (9%). Twenty patients (25%) had HIV indicator conditions diagnosed at least 12 months before the eventual diagnosis of HIV infection. DISCUSSION/ CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed with late-presenting HIV often had an HIV indicator condition prior to presentation, presenting a missed opportunity for earlier diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Lin
- Monash Infectious Diseases, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - S E Garner
- Monash Infectious Diseases, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J S Y Lau
- Monash Infectious Diseases, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - T M Korman
- Monash Infectious Diseases, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - I J Woolley
- Monash Infectious Diseases, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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20
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Lhopitallier L, Moulin E, Hugli O, Cavassini M, Darling KEA. Missed opportunities for HIV testing among patients newly presenting for HIV care at a Swiss university hospital: a retrospective analysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019806. [PMID: 29895647 PMCID: PMC6009466 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of missed opportunities (MOs) among patients newly diagnosed with HIV, risk factors for presenting MOs and the association between MOs and late presentation (LP) to care. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING HIV outpatient clinic at a Swiss tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged ≥18 years newly presenting for HIV care between 2010 and 2015. MEASURES Number of medical visits, up to 5 years preceding HIV diagnosis, at which HIV testing had been indicated, according to Swiss HIV testing recommendations. A visit at which testing was indicated but not performed was considered an MO for HIV testing. RESULTS Complete records were available for all 201 new patients of whom 51% were male and 33% from sub-Saharan Africa. Thirty patients (15%) presented with acute HIV infection while 119 patients (59%) were LPs (CD4 counts <350 cells/mm3 at diagnosis). Ninety-four patients (47%) had presented at least one MO, of whom 44 (47%) had multiple MOs. MOs were more frequent among individuals from sub-Saharan Africa, men who have sex with men and patients under follow-up for chronic disease. MOs were less frequent in LPs than non-LPs (42.5% vs 57.5%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS At our centre, 47% of patients presented at least one MO. While our LP rate was higher than the national figure of 49.8%, LPs were less likely to experience MOs, suggesting that these patients were diagnosed late through presenting late, rather than through being failed by our hospital. We conclude that, in addition to optimising provider-initiated testing, access to testing must be improved among patients who are unaware that they are at HIV risk and who do not seek healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Lhopitallier
- Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Moulin
- Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hugli
- Emergency Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Sullivan AK, Sperle I, Raben D, Amato-Gauci AJ, Lundgren JD, Yazdanpanah Y, Jakobsen SF, Tavoschi L. HIV testing in Europe: Evaluating the impact, added value, relevance and usability of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)'s 2010 HIV testing guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 29208158 PMCID: PMC5725791 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.48.17-00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: An evaluation of the 2010 ECDC guidance on HIV testing, conducted in October 2015–January 2016, assessed its impact, added value, relevance and usability and the need for updated guidance. Methods: Data sources were two surveys: one for the primary target audience (health policymakers and decision makers, national programme managers and ECDC official contact points in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries and one for a broader target audience (clinicians, civil society organisations and international public health agencies); two moderated focus group discussions (17 participants each); webpage access data; a literature citation review; and an expert consultation (18 participants) to discuss the evaluation findings. Results: Twenty-three of 28 primary target audience and 31 of 51 broader target audience respondents indicated the guidance was the most relevant when compared with other international guidance. Primary target audience respondents in 11 of 23 countries reported that they had used the guidance in development, monitoring and/or evaluation of their national HIV testing policy, guidelines, programme and/or strategy, and 29 of 51 of the broader target audience respondents reported having used the guidance in their work. Both the primary and broader target audience considered it important or very important to have an EU/EEA-level HIV testing guidance (23/28 and 46/51, respectively). Conclusion: The guidance has been widely used to develop policies, guidelines, programmes and strategies in the EU/EEA and should be regularly updated due to continuous developments in the field in order to continue to serve as an important reference guidance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Sullivan
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Sperle
- CHIP, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Raben
- CHIP, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Lara Tavoschi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Raben D, Hoekstra M, Sperle I, Amato Gauci AJ, Gauci C, West B, Sullivan A, Lazarus JV, Platteau T, Rockstroh JK. The HepHIV 2017 Conference in Malta: joining forces for the earlier diagnosis of HIV and viral hepatitis. HIV Med 2018; 19 Suppl 1:5-10. [PMID: 29488707 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the article is to provide an overview of the results of the HepHIV 2017 Conference organized by the HIV in Europe initiative under the Maltese EU Presidency in January 2017. METHODS A thourough review of all conference presentations (oral and poster presentations) was performed to retrieve the key outcomes of the conference. RESULTS The key result from the conference was a call to action summarising key priorities in HIV and viral hepatitis testing and linkage to care. This included improving monitoring of viral hepatitis and HIV, mixing testing strategies and ensuring policy support. The important contribution and outcomes of EU funded projects OptTEST and EuroHIVEdat was highlighted. CONCLUSION An integrated approach to earlier testing and linkage to care across diseases is needed in Europe and the HepHIV conferences create an important forum to reach this aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Raben
- CHIP, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - I Sperle
- CHIP, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A J Amato Gauci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Gauci
- Ministry for Health, Valetta, Malta
| | - B West
- AIDS Action Europe, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Sullivan
- SSAT, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - J V Lazarus
- CHIP, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Platteau
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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