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Mafumhe TF, Regalado G, Olojede SO, Lawal SK, Azu OO. Comparison of Switching Between Antiretroviral Agents Versus Introducing Lipid-lowering Agents for HAART-induced Dyslipidemia. Clin Ther 2024; 46:e114-e124. [PMID: 38851959 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has brought a significant reduction in HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, metabolic abnormalities (eg, dyslipidemias) have continued to pose significant challenges, warranting a switch between antiretroviral agents and/or the introduction of a statin. Hence, the purposes of this study was to compare the efficacy of switching between antiretroviral agents versus introducing a statin in the long-term management of HAART-induced dyslipidemia in people living with HIV, and to identify the most potent agent in switching therapies. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Medline identified articles published from the years 2000 to 2020 in the English language, resulting in 84 articles, 30 of which were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information on primary and secondary outcomes was extracted. Statistical analysis was done on the variables, and the differences between groups were considered significant at P < 0.05. FINDINGS Statin use was associated with significant reductions in triglycerides and total cholesterol (TC) at 6 weeks (both, P < 0.01). A switch of antiretroviral agents was associated with gradual reductions in TC and triglycerides for up to 48 weeks (both, P < 0.01). Statin use was associated with a reduced CD4 count at 24 weeks (P < 0.01). A switch of antiretroviral agents was associated with an increased CD4 count at 48 weeks (P < 0.01). IMPLICATIONS Statins were as effective as switching antiretroviral therapies in the short-term management of TC and triglycerides in patients with HAART-induced dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gideon Regalado
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Sodiq Kolawole Lawal
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Private Bag UB 002, Plot 4775, Notwane Road, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa.
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Fung SK, Pan CQ, Wong GLH, Seto WK, Ahn SH, Chen CY, Hann HWL, Jablkowski MS, Kim YJ, Yurdaydin C, Peng CY, Nguyen T, Yatsuhashi H, Flaherty JF, Yee LJ, Abramov F, Wang H, Abdurakhmanov D, Lim YS, Buti M. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk profile of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir alafenamide or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for 96 weeks. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:217-229. [PMID: 37905449 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who switch from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) show changes in lipid profiles. AIM To evaluate how these changes affect cardiovascular risk. METHODS This pooled analysis, based on two large prospective studies, evaluated fasting lipid profiles of patients with CHB who were treated with TAF 25 mg/day or TDF 300 mg/day for 96 weeks. Patients who fulfilled the American College of Cardiology criteria (age 40-79 years, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] 20-100 mg/dL, total cholesterol [TC] 130-320 mg/dL and systolic blood pressure 90-200 mmHg) required to assess 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk with baseline lipid data and at least one post-baseline measurement were included in the ASCVD-risk population. The 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated for patients in this population, and changes from baseline to Week 96 were assessed using intermediate- (≥7.5%) and high-risk (≥20%) cut-offs. RESULTS Among 1632 patients, 620 (38%) met the criteria for the ASCVD-risk population. At Week 96, fasting levels of all lipids, except TC:HDL ratio, were lower with TDF than TAF. No significant increase was observed in overall ASCVD risk or in any ASCVD-risk categories during the 96-week treatment period compared with baseline. A similar proportion of patients in the TAF and TDF treatment groups (1.3% and 2.3%, respectively; p = 0.34) reported cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Despite on-treatment differences in lipid profiles with TAF and TDF, predicted cardiovascular risk and clinical events were similar for both groups after 96 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Fung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Calvin Q Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Medical Data Analytics Centre (MDAC), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Hie-Won L Hann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Maciej S Jablkowski
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cihan Yurdaydin
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Center for Digestive Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- T Nguyen Research and Education, Inc., California, San Diego, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuhashi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Young-Suk Lim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit Hospital Universitari Valle Hebron, Liver Unit Hospital Universitari Valle Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- IBER-EHD del Institute Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Xiao J, Gao G, Ding Y, Li J, Gao C, Xu Q, Wu L, Liang H, Ni L, Wang F, Duan Y, Yang D, Zhao H. Reasons, safety and efficacy analysis for conversion of HAART to TAF/FTC/BIC among HIV-infected patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2931-2937. [PMID: 38032036 PMCID: PMC10917078 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the reasons for conversion and elucidate the safety and efficacy of transition to tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/bictegravir sodium (TAF/FTC/BIC) in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-experienced HIV-infected patients in real-world settings. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study. The treatment conversion rationales, safety, and effectiveness in 1684 HIV-infected patients with previous HAART experience who switched to TAF/FTC/BIC were evaluated at Beijing Ditan Hospital from September 2021 to Auguest 2022. RESULTS Regimen simplification (990/1684, 58.79%) was the most common reason for switching, followed by osteoporosis or osteopenia (375/1684, 22.27%), liver dysfunction (231/1684, 13.72%), decline in tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/elvitegravir/cobicistat (TAF/FTC/EVG/c) with food restriction (215/1684, 12.77%), virological failure (116/1684, 6.89%), and renal dysfunction (90/1684, 5.34%). In patients receiving non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-containing regimens, lipid panel changes 1 year after switching indicated a difference of 3.27 ± 1.10 mmol/L vs . 3.40 ± 1.59 mmol/L in triglyceride ( P = 0.014), 4.82 ± 0.74 mmol/L vs . 4.88 ± 0.72 mmol/L in total cholesterol ( P = 0.038), 3.09 ± 0.70 mmol/L vs . 3.18 ± 0.66 mmol/L in low-density lipoprotein ( P <0.001), and 0.99 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs . 0.95 ± 0.10 mmol/L in high-density lipoprotein ( P <0.001). Conversely, among patients receiving booster-containing regimens, including TAF/FTC/EVG/c and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), lipid panel changes presented decreased trends. We also observed an improved trend in viral load suppression, and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum creatinine levels after the transition ( P <0.001). CONCLUSION The transition to TAF/FTC/BIC demonstrated good treatment potency. Furthermore, this study elucidates the motivations behind the adoption of TAF/FTC/BIC in real-world scenarios, providing clinical evidence supporting the stable conversion to TAF/FTC/BIC for HAART-experienced patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Guiju Gao
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chengyu Gao
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Qiuhua Xu
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongyuan Liang
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Liang Ni
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yujiao Duan
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Di Yang
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Clinical and Research Center of AIDS, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
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Gidari A, Benedetti S, Tordi S, Zoffoli A, Altobelli D, Schiaroli E, De Socio GV, Francisci D. Bictegravir/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine: A Real-Life Experience in People Living with HIV (PLWH). Infect Dis Rep 2023; 15:766-777. [PMID: 38131882 PMCID: PMC10742537 DOI: 10.3390/idr15060069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bictegravir (BIC), a recently introduced integrase inhibitor, is available in a single tablet regimen with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and emtricitabine (FTC) (BIC-STR). This study aimed to describe a real-life experience with BIC-STR. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with BIC-STR followed by the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Perugia (Perugia, Italy) from September 2019 to February 2023. RESULTS 270 PLWH were enrolled with a median follow-up time on BIC-STR of 2.2 years (IQR 1.2-2.7). In the overall population, in treatment-experienced (N = 242), in treatment-naïve (N = 28), and in population with age > 60 years old (N = 86), we observed that CD4 cell count improved in absolute number, percentage and CD4/CD8 ratio, under BIC-STR. Patients with viremia < 50 cp/mL increased in all groups. In the overall population, previous ART with TAF and nadir CD4 cell count favored immunological recovery. In the ART-experienced group, time in therapy with BIC-STR was associated with HIV-RNA undetectability. In the older group, previous opportunistic infection and advanced age were associated with lower CD4 count. CONCLUSIONS BIC-STR was demonstrated, in real-life, to be a valid option for a switch, such as initial ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gidari
- Department of Medicine, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.Z.); (D.A.); (E.S.); (G.V.D.S.); (D.F.)
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Rocabert A, Borjabad B, Berrocal L, Blanch J, Inciarte A, Chivite I, Gonzalez-Cordon A, Torres B, Ambrosioni J, Martinez-Rebollar M, Laguno M, De La Mora L, Foncillas A, Sempere A, Rodriguez A, Solbes E, Llobet R, Miro JM, Mallolas J, Blanco JL, De Lazzari E, Martinez E. Tolerability of bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine versus dolutegravir/lamivudine as maintenance therapy in a real-life setting. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2961-2967. [PMID: 37875023 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While both the burden of therapy and the individual drugs in bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (BIC/TAF/FTC) and dolutegravir/lamivudine differ, it is unclear whether their real-life tolerability may be also different. METHODS Single-centre, clinical cohort analysis of all virologically suppressed persons with HIV (PWH) who were first prescribed bictegravir as BIC/TAF/FTC or dolutegravir as dolutegravir/lamivudine and had taken ≥1 dose of study medication. Major outcomes were discontinuations either for any reason or due to toxicity. Incidence was calculated as number of episodes per 100 person-years adjusted through propensity score analysis. RESULTS Relative to persons treated with BIC/TAF/FTC (n = 1231), persons treated with dolutegravir/lamivudine (n = 821) were older and had more AIDS-defining conditions although better HIV control. After a median follow-up of 52 weeks, adjusted incidence rates for discontinuation were 6.68 (95% CI 5.18-8.19) and 8.44 (95% CI 6.29-10.60) episodes per 100 person-years for BIC/TAF/FTC and dolutegravir/lamivudine, respectively; adjusted incidence rate ratio for dolutegravir/lamivudine was 1.26 (95% CI 0.89-1.78) relative to BIC/TAF/FTC (P = 0.1847). Adjusted incidence rates for discontinuation due to toxicity were 3.88 (95% CI 2.70-5.06) and 4.62 (95% CI 3.05-6.19) episodes per 100 person-years for BIC/TAF/FTC and dolutegravir/lamivudine, respectively; adjusted incidence rate ratio for dolutegravir/lamivudine was 1.19 (95% CI 0.75-1.90) relative to BIC/TAF/FTC (P = 0. 4620). Adverse events leading to discontinuation were neuropsychiatric (n = 42; 2%), followed by gastrointestinal (n = 23; 1%), dermatological (n = 15; 1%) and weight increase (n = 15; 1%), without differences between regimens. CONCLUSIONS Switching to BIC/TAF/FTC or dolutegravir/lamivudine showed no difference in the risks of overall or toxicity-related discontinuations or in the profile of adverse events leading to discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rocabert
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Borjabad
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Moises Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Leire Berrocal
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanch
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexy Inciarte
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Chivite
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Berta Torres
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ambrosioni
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Martinez-Rebollar
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Laguno
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Abiu Sempere
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Solbes
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Llobet
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Miro
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Mallolas
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Blanco
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa De Lazzari
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteban Martinez
- Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Batterham RL, Espinosa N, Katlama C, McKellar M, Scholten S, Smith DE, Ait-Khaled M, George N, Wright J, Gordon LA, Moodley R, Wynne B, van Wyk J. Cardiometabolic Parameters 3 Years After Switch to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine vs Maintenance of Tenofovir Alafenamide-Based Regimens. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad359. [PMID: 37520420 PMCID: PMC10375426 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiometabolic outcomes were investigated 3 years after switching to the 2-drug regimen dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) vs continuing 3-/4-drug tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-based regimens in a multicenter phase 3 noninferiority study based on an open-label randomized design. Method Adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 switched to once-daily DTG/3TC (n = 369) or continued TAF-based regimens (n = 372). Cardiometabolic health parameters were assessed through week 144 via mixed-model repeated measures or logistic regression analyses, adjusting for baseline variables. Results At week 144, 13% (42/316) of the DTG/3TC group and 12% (37/303) of the TAF-based regimen group had ≥10% weight gain from baseline (adjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, .68-1.80). Adjusted change from baseline in serum leptin, a surrogate marker of adiposity, was similar between groups (treatment ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, .89-1.13). The lipid profile generally favored DTG/3TC in the baseline boosted subgroup. Adjusted odds revealed no clinically meaningful differences between groups: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ≥2 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, .50-1.26), metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria, 0.99; .59-1.68), hepatic fibrosis (fibrosis-4 index score ≥1.45, 1.39; .63-3.06), and coronary artery disease risk (Framingham risk score ≥10%, 0.92; .56-1.49). Baseline variables and characteristics associated with odds of each cardiometabolic parameter outcome were consistent with known risk factors, including age, sex, race, and some disease characteristics. Conclusions Cardiometabolic health 3 years after switching to DTG/3TC was comparable to that for individuals continuing TAF-based regimens, further supporting DTG/3TC as a robust switch option with a stable metabolic profile. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03446573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Batterham
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Christine Katlama
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM–Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Mehri McKellar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Wynne
- ViiV Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Dynamics of Lipid Profile in Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients, Treated with TAF-Based Regimens: A Multicenter Observational Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123164. [PMID: 36551920 PMCID: PMC9775227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The introduction of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in antiretroviral therapy has deeply modified the choice of the backbone for different treatment regimens, allowing the prevention of the bone and renal toxicity that was related to the previous formulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). At the same time, literature data show an onset of dyslipidemia after a switch from TDF to TAF. To better understand the possible role of TAF in dyslipidemia, antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients were evaluated, comparing those treated with TAF/emtricitabine with those with abacavir/lamivudine. Methods: We enrolled 270 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients in an observational, retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter study; they started treatment from 2017 to 2019 and were followed up for at least 72 weeks. We divided patients into two groups, one treated with a TAF-based backbone in their antiretroviral regimens (TAF group) and one without TAF (NO TAF group), to evaluate possible differences in the dynamics of lipid profiles from baseline(T0) to week 24 (T24), 48 (T48) and 72 (T72). Results: No significant differences were observed at baseline between the 2 groups. In the TAF group we observed a significant development of hypercholesterolemia throughout the follow-up (p < 0.0001), not evident in the NO TAF group, that instead showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cardiovascular risk index (CRI). A cholesterol-lowering treatment with statin, finally, was prescribed in 6 patients in both groups during the study. At binary logistic regression analysis, no factor was independently associated with hypercholesterolemia, except for higher age at T0. Conclusions: This real-life study shows that in HIV-naïve patients, TAF was associated with hypercholesterolemia throughout the follow-up. The clinical significance of this hypercholesterolemia will have to be clarified in further studies.
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Naito T, Mori H, Fujibayashi K, Fukushima S, Yuda M, Fukui N, Tsukamoto S, Suzuki M, Goto-Hirano K, Kuwatsuru R. Analysis of antiretroviral therapy switch rate and switching pattern for people living with HIV from a national database in Japan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1732. [PMID: 35110641 PMCID: PMC8810755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To report the status of switch rates and time-to-switch of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens by evaluating anchor drug classes and common switching patterns in Japanese people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH). This cross-sectional cohort study extracted data of 28,089 PLWH from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB), which contains data representing the entire population of Japan. PLWH with first prescription records of ART administered between January 2011 and March 2019 were identified (n = 16,069). The median time-to-switch and switch rates of anchor drug classes were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Brookmeyer-Crowley and Greenwood methods were used to estimate 95% confidence intervals for switch rates and median days, respectively. Switch rates were compared between anchor drug classes by year using log-rank tests. A total of 3108 (19.3%) PLWH switched anchor drug classes from first to second regimens. Switch rates increased continuously over 8 years for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (14.9-65.5%) and protease inhibitors (PIs) (13.2-67.7%), with median time-to-switch of 1826 and 1583 days, respectively. Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) maintained a low switch rate (3.0-7.6%), precluding median-days calculation. Overall, the majority of patients treated initially with NNRTIs and PIs switched to INSTIs regardless of switching times (< 1 year: 67.3% and 85.9%, respectively; ≥ 1 year: 95.5% and 93.6%, respectively). The foremost switching strategies for first-to-second ART regimens are from NNRTIs or PIs to INSTIs regimens that maintain low switch rates long term. There was no observable difference in trend between sex, age and status of AIDS disease at first ART regimen. INSTIs HIV agents may be the most durable anchor drug class for PLWH receiving ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Naito
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hirotake Mori
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujibayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukushima
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yuda
- Center for Promotion of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukui
- Center for Promotion of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shotaro Tsukamoto
- Center for Promotion of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mai Suzuki
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Goto-Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kuwatsuru
- Center for Promotion of Data Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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9
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Mallon PWG, Brunet L, Fusco JS, Prajapati G, Beyer A, Fusco GP, Wohlfeiler MB. Lipid Changes After Switch From TDF to TAF in the OPERA Cohort: LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofab621. [PMID: 35028335 PMCID: PMC8753026 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increases in lipids have been observed in people with HIV (PWH) switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). We assessed changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) following a switch from TDF to TAF. Methods Adults with ≥1 lipid measure before and after switch from TDF to TAF were identified in the OPERA cohort. Multivariable linear regression using generalized estimating equations was used to estimate predicted changes in lipids over time on TAF, modeled flexibly with linear splines. Results A total of 6451 PWH switched from TDF to TAF, of whom 4328 maintained all other agents. LDL-C increased significantly by 1.40 mg/dL/mo over the first 3 months on TAF, by 0.33 mg/dL/mo between 3 and 9 months and then plateauing beyond 9 months. TG increased significantly by 3.52 mg/dL/mo over the first 3 months of TAF, by 0.91 mg/mL/mo between 3 and 9 months and by 0.72 mg/mL/mo between 9 and 16 months, but decreased thereafter. Similar patterns were observed in analyses restricted to PWH who switched from TDF to TAF but maintained all other agents. Conclusions TDF-to-TAF switch was associated with LDL-C and TG increases over the first 9 to 16 months on TAF. The dynamic patterns observed cannot be attributed to changes in other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W G Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Baldin G, Ciccullo A, Lombardi F, D'Angelillo A, Dusina A, Emiliozzi A, Farinacci D, Moschese D, Picarelli C, Borghetti A, Di Giambenedetto S. Short Communication: Comparing Lamivudine+Dolutegravir and Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide as Switch Strategies: Preliminary Results from Clinical Practice. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:429-432. [PMID: 33280486 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We tried to investigate and compare the safety of a dual therapy (DT) with dolutegravir+lamivudine (DTG +3TC) versus bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). We performed a retrospective analysis in a cohort of virologically suppressed HIV+ pts switching to DT or BIC in our center. Primary endpoint was to evaluate time to treatment discontinuation (TD) for any cause. Survival analysis was employed to determine time to TD and its predictors were analyzed by Cox regression. Moreover, we collected viro-immunological parameters as well as markers of renal function and lipid profile at baseline and after 24 weeks and assessed changes through nonparametric tests. We analyzed 476 patients: 350 starting a DT and 126 starting BIC. Overall, we registered 21 TD: 15 in the DT group during 170 patient-years of follow-up (PYFU) (a rate of 8.8 per 100 PYFU) and 6 in the BIC one during 48 PYFU (12.5 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probabilities of maintaining study regimen after 24 weeks were 95.5% [standard deviation (SD) ±1.1] in the DT group and 94.9% (SD ±2.0) in the BIC group, with no significant differences between them (log-rank p = .639). Concerning metabolic profile, in the DT group, after 24 weeks, triglycerides decreased significantly (median change -14 mg/dL, p < .001), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (+3 mg/dL, p = .031). In the BIC group, meanwhile, we observed a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after 24 weeks (-13 mg/dL, p = .026). Both optimization strategies showed high tolerability in the short term in experienced pts, with few differences between them. Further studies are needed to properly assess the matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Baldin
- Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italy
| | - Arturo Ciccullo
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italy
- Gemelli Molise Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Alex Dusina
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italy
| | - Arianna Emiliozzi
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Damiano Farinacci
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Moschese
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Picarelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Borghetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Di Giambenedetto
- Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Malattie Infettive, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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11
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Pawlos A, Broncel M, Wlazłowska E, Jabłonowska E, Gorzelak-Pabiś P. Cardiovascular risk and response to lipid lowering therapy in patients with HIV infection according to different recommendations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244675. [PMID: 33373417 PMCID: PMC7771861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV patients are at increased cardiovascular risk while available European cardiovascular recommendations are ambiguous. Methods Retrospective analysis of 389 HIV-patients was conducted. Cardiovascular risk was determined by D:A:D, Framingham and SCORE scales. Patients were divided into risk groups as recommended by EACS 2019, PTN AIDS 2019 and ESC/EAS 2019 Guidelines and hypolipemic treatment was evaluated. Results In total, 389 HIV-positive patients took part in the study, most of whom were men (n = 312, 80.4%), mean age 41.69±10years. Mean lipid levels among all HIV patients: Tch:177.2±36mg/dl, HDL:48.9±18mg/dl, LDL:103.8±31mg/dl, TG:143.3±81mg/dl, AIP:0.45±0.3, non-HDL:129.2±36 mg/dl. Most of the participants (n = 360, 92.5%) were assigned to the high cardiovascular risk group according to ESC/EAS and PTN AIDS guidelines. The achievement of therapeutic LDLs according to ESC/EAS was 10.3% for those at very high cardiovascular risk (8.7% on lipid lowering treatment vs. 16.7% without hypolipemic drugs) and 12.0% (5.8% treated vs. 13.6% untreated) at high cardiovascular risk; according to PTN AIDS,17.2% achievement was noted by the very high-risk group (13% treated vs. 33.3% untreated), and 45.9% for the high-risk group (37.7% treated vs. 48.0% untreated); according to EACS Guidelines, 2.5% achievement in secondary prevention (3.8% treatedvs. 0% untreated) and 24.7% in primary prevention (22.2% treated vs. 26.1% untreated). Mean doses of statins were 8.75mg±6mg (Rosuvastatin) and 22.35±19mg (Atorvastatin). Conclusions The achievement of therapeutic LDLs by all recommendations is unsatisfactory, and generally worse in patients on lipid lowering therapy. Hypolipemic treatment of our HIV patients is based on low doses of statins, even in secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pawlos
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Broncel
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wlazłowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jabłonowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Gorzelak-Pabiś
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
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