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Kim EA, Shin SS, Lee JA. Relationship Between Acculturation and Mental Health in Korean American Family Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Persons Living with Dementia. Clin Nurs Res 2024; 33:10547738241235695. [PMID: 38409746 PMCID: PMC11067392 DOI: 10.1177/10547738241235695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing number of Korean American (KA) family caregivers for persons with dementia, little is known about how acculturation might affect caregiving stress in this population. Acculturation is a variable of considerable interest in caregiving research due to its significance in understanding the impact of cultural perceptions and expectations on the caregiving role and its relation to mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional descriptive study using baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial of dementia caregiver intervention was performed to examine the association between acculturation and mental health outcomes among KA caregivers (n = 32) for persons with dementia. Self-report survey questionnaires including a bidirectional acculturation scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Zarit Burden Interview were administered in person in English or Korean by trained bilingual community health workers. The primary independent variable, acculturation, was assessed using a 24-item inventory. It measured two sets of cultural orientation: Korean orientation and American orientation. The mean age was 67 years (SD = 11.8) and 87% were women. Half of the caregivers were spouses of persons with dementia, while the other half were offspring caregivers. In the multiple linear regression model, caregiver acculturation toward Korean cultural orientation had a significant and positive association with depressive symptoms (β = .62; SE = 0.25; p-value = .02) and perceived stress (β = .29; SE = 0.13; p-value = .03) after adjusting for age and self-efficacy. No significant effect of American cultural orientation was found for caregiver burden, perceived stress, or depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that exploring the role of acculturation in caregiving and its relation to outcomes, particularly caregiver distress, may be valuable for future studies aiming to understand specific elements of cultural values and practices in the acculturation process related to mental health outcomes among immigrant Korean American caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbee A. Kim
- University of California, Irvine, Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sanghyuk S. Shin
- University of California, Irvine, Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- University of California, Irvine, Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, Irvine, California, USA
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Raoofi S, Khodayari-Zarnaq R, Vatankhah S. Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38559480 PMCID: PMC10979769 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1740_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Providing quality services, using modern technologies, having effective marketing, and providing services at an international level have led to the globalization of hospital services. This study aimed to identify the components of health services in developing countries that provide services to international patients. A comparative review was conducted by searching in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google, and the websites of the World Medical Tourism Organization, the World Bank, and the Ministry of Health of the selected countries from 2000 to 2022. Iran, Turkey, Jordan, Costa Rica, the UAE, and Singapore were selected. The data were collected and analyzed using a comparative table. Different strategies were used to develop the medical tourism industry among the studied countries, but the main challenges in this field included the inappropriateness of the quality of the services provided or the provision of services that did not meet the needs of patients, the lack of expert human resource, not using medical facilitation companies, communication problems with patients, insufficient government support for medical tourism, and strict laws regarding business. The development of activities in the medical tourism industry requires planning in various dimensions. It seems that developing the medical marketing and activities of facilitator companies to facilitate patient admission, monitoring the quality of services provided, improving interdepartmental coordination, and considering a single trustee for this industry will improve the medical tourism status in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Raoofi
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Vatankhah
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ausserhofer D, Wiedermann W, Becker U, Vögele A, Piccoliori G, Wiedermann CJ, Engl A. Health information-seeking behavior associated with linguistic group membership: latent class analysis of a population-based cross-sectional survey in Italy, August to September 2014. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:87. [PMID: 35313984 PMCID: PMC8935258 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests an increasing demand for culturally and linguistically responsive disease prevention programs and health interventions. It is important to understand how individuals seek health information to address the potential needs of the health care system. Methods Latent classes of health information-seeking behaviors in a linguistically mixed region of Italy were explored through a population-based telephone survey of ten health information sources. Data were collected in August and September 2014 from 504 adults in South Tyrol, Italy (primary language German, 68%; Italian, 28%), and analyzed using latent class analysis and latent class multinomial logistic regression models. Results Three classes of health information-seeking behaviors emerged: “multidimensional” (23.3%), “interpersonal” (38.6%) and “technical/online” (38.1%). Compared to the “technical/online” class, “interpersonal” class members were older, had lower education than high school, and were less likely to be of Italian ethnicity. “Multidimensional” class members were more likely to be female, older, and of German ethnicity than those in the “technical/online” class. Conclusions Linguistic ethnicity explains membership in classes on health information-seeking behavior. Policymakers and healthcare providers should consider the health information-seeking behaviors of population subgroups to promote health and medical care in linguistic minority groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00847-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Ausserhofer
- Institute of General Practice, College of Healthcare Professions Claudiana, Lorenz-Böhler-Street 13, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.,Institute of Nursing Science, Department Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wiedermann
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Missouri Prevention Science Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ulrich Becker
- Apollis Institute of Social Research and Opinion Polling, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Vögele
- Institute of General Practice, College of Healthcare Professions Claudiana, Lorenz-Böhler-Street 13, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Piccoliori
- Institute of General Practice, College of Healthcare Professions Claudiana, Lorenz-Böhler-Street 13, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian J Wiedermann
- Institute of General Practice, College of Healthcare Professions Claudiana, Lorenz-Böhler-Street 13, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Adolf Engl
- Institute of General Practice, College of Healthcare Professions Claudiana, Lorenz-Böhler-Street 13, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Kuo SF, Chen IH, Huang TW, Miao NF, Peters K, Chung MH. Self-Efficacy Mediates Acculturation and Respite Care Knowledge of Immigrant Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010595. [PMID: 34682340 PMCID: PMC8536004 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Past studies have shown that acculturation and self-efficacy can affect respite care knowledge, which are notable issues among immigrant caregivers due to the rapid increasing aging family members. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships among acculturation, self-efficacy, and respite care knowledge in immigrant caregivers, and to determine the mediating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between acculturation and respite care knowledge. A cross-sectional design was used. We enrolled 134 female immigrant caregivers who had married Taiwanese men and lived with care recipients who used LTC services. Based on Baron and Kenny' mediating analytic framework, multiple regression and Sobel tests were used to examine whether self-efficacy mediated the relationship between acculturation and respite care knowledge. The findings showed that after controlling for confounding factors, acculturation and self-efficacy separately affected respite care knowledge (B = 0.229, standard error (SE) = 0.084; B = 0.123, SE = 0.049, respectively). Acculturation had a positive impact on respite care knowledge through self-efficacy (B = 0.181, SE = 0.084). Therefore, self-efficacy partially mediated the effect of acculturation on respite care knowledge, and accounted for 20.9% of the total mediating effect in this study. Acculturation predicted immigrant caregiver' respite care knowledge partially through self-efficacy. The association between acculturation and respite care knowledge was partially mediated by immigrant caregivers' self-efficacy. As a result, it was proposed that boosting self-efficacy could increase and drive immigrant caregivers' respite care knowledge. To assist this population in obtaining enough resources, targeted educational programs to promote immigrant caregivers' self-efficacy should be designed and implemented. Furthermore, health care practitioners should be aware of the relevance of immigrant caregivers' acculturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Kuo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-F.K.); (I.-H.C.); (T.-W.H.)
| | - I-Hui Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-F.K.); (I.-H.C.); (T.-W.H.)
| | - Tsai-Wei Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-F.K.); (I.-H.C.); (T.-W.H.)
| | - Nae-Fang Miao
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Kath Peters
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-F.K.); (I.-H.C.); (T.-W.H.)
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6317); Fax: +886-2-2377-2842
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Kocot E, Szetela A. Assessing health systems' preparedness for providing care for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants: a scoping review. Eur J Public Health 2020; 30:1157-1163. [PMID: 32840304 PMCID: PMC7733048 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care systems and care professionals often face the challenge of providing adequate health care for migrant groups. The objective of this study is to answer the question of whether and how meeting the special health system requirements regarding refugees (R), asylum seekers (AS) and migrants (M) (RASM) is checked and evaluated. METHODS A scoping review was used as a methodology of the research, with four electronic databases, websites of relevant organizations and European projects searched, using a strictly defined search strategy. Finally, 66 studies were included in the analysis. RESULTS The included studies presented assessment of different types, aspects and facilities of health care, as well as various methods of analysis. In the vast majority of the studies (n = 52, 78%) interviews or questionnaires were used to collect data. The studies were mostly declared to be qualitative. The main issues assessed in the studies can be categorized into three groups: (i) legal aspects, (ii) before receiving health care and (iii) during health care usage. CONCLUSIONS RASM inflow is a big challenge for health care system in many countries. The first step to guarantee adequate health care for RASM is assessing how the system is functioning. This makes it possible to find gaps, indicate the directions of activities needed and monitor progress. Further work on the development of a comprehensive tool, checked in terms of validity and reliability assessment, and enabling examination of many aspects of health care for RASM should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kocot
- Health Economics and Social Security Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Szetela
- Health Policy and Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Baird B, Oh KM, Douglas C, Weinstein AA. Health Literacy, Depression Literacy, and Depression among Older Korean Americans. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 24:525-535. [PMID: 31244411 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1632395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore depression and its relationship with background characteristics, health literacy, and depression literacy among Korean Americans (KAs). A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 178 older KAs (age 60≥) in the Washington D.C. metro area in 2016. Three open-ended questions were included to obtain narrative responses for thoughts about depression and its symptoms, and the living situation that might be related to depression. Depression was measured on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 translated into Korean. The rate of depression was 22.5% among older KAs. No relationship between health literacy and depression was shown. In the regression analysis with covariates, limited English proficiency, less family support, shorter length of U.S. residency, male, and higher depression literacy were significantly associated with higher odds of depression. On narrative questions, only 35% among respondents believed that depression was a mental status. The others described it as environmental or attitude problems such as stress or goals being set too high. Education about depression engaging older KAs immigrants with limited English, and their families are the important health issue in the Korean community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Baird
- a School of Nursing, George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Kyeung Mi Oh
- a School of Nursing, George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Charlene Douglas
- a School of Nursing, George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Ali A Weinstein
- b Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
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Squires A, Sadarangani T, Jones S. Strategies for overcoming language barriers in research. J Adv Nurs 2019; 76:706-714. [PMID: 30950104 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM This paper seeks to describe best practices for conducting cross-language research with individuals who have a language barrier. DESIGN Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES Research methods papers addressing cross-language research issues published between 2000-2017. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Rigorous cross-language research involves the appropriate use of interpreters during the research process, systematic planning for how to address the language barrier between participant and researcher and the use of reliably and validly translated survey instruments (when applicable). Biases rooted in those who enter data into "big data" systems may influence data quality and analytic approaches in large observational studies focused on linking patient language preference to health outcomes. CONCLUSION Cross-language research methods can help ensure that those individuals with language barriers have their voices contributing to the evidence informing healthcare practice and policies that shape health services implementation and financing. Understanding the inherent conscious and unconscious biases of those conducting research with this population and how this may emerge in research studies is also an important part of producing rigorous, reliable, and valid cross-language research. IMPACT This study synthesized methodological recommendations for cross-language research studies with the goal to improve the quality of future research and expand the evidence-base for clinical practice. Clear methodological recommendations were generated that can improve research rigor and quality of cross-language qualitative and quantitative studies. The recommendations generated here have the potential to have an impact on the health and well-being of migrants around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York City, New York.,School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York
| | - Tina Sadarangani
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York City, New York
| | - Simon Jones
- Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, New York
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Kim HJ, Kehoe P, Gibbs LM, Lee JA. Caregiving Experience of Dementia among Korean American Family Caregivers. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:158-165. [PMID: 30620625 PMCID: PMC6445682 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1534909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a major public health problem affecting 5.5 million people in USA. This qualitative study explored the caregiving experience of Korean American (KA) families of persons with dementia (PWD). Adult KA caregivers of PWD (n = 18) were recruited for semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis yielded four themes: challenges in finding resources, struggling with mental health issues, traveling the path of acceptance, and finding ways to survive. Due to the language barrier, most KA caregivers reported using Korean Internet for information on dementia and caregiving. Some traveled to South Korea seeking medical assistance for dementia (medical tourism). Importantly, some KA caregivers expressed suicidal thoughts and depression. Unexpectedly, familism prevented help seeking and possible relief from their difficulties. There is an urgent need to improve access to dementia care services and education for the KA community. Building a trusting relationship with healthcare providers is even more important for KA caregivers to address their mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- a College of Nursing , Seattle University , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Priscilla Kehoe
- b Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing , University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California , USA
| | - Lisa M Gibbs
- c Senior Health Center , University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California , USA
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- b Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing , University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California , USA
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9
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Kim SS, Kim-Godwin YS. Cultural Context of Family Religiosity/Spirituality among Korean-American Elderly Families. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2019; 34:51-65. [PMID: 30666497 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-019-09363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural context of family religiosity/spirituality among Korean-American elderly families, and how this changed after families immigrated to the USA. Fifty one first-generation Korean-Americans participated in one or two hour, in-depth interviews in Korean at a participant's home or church. These included 27 older adults and 24 family members living together or within a radius of one-hour transit time from their elders, residing in the Southeastern United States. A thematic and interpretive method was used to analyze transcribed interviews. Three themes were identified that explained the cultural context of family religiosity/spirituality: (a) traditional family religious rituals, (b) church oriented routines, and (c) family collectivism. The participants did not distinguish 'religiosity' and 'spirituality' during the interviews. The findings suggest that the family religiosity/spirituality of the participants was influenced by the traditional family religious values, which were shaped by Korean culture. The traditional religions of Shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism are prevalent in Asian countries. Thus, the findings of this study may help healthcare professionals identify the cultural contexts of spirituality/religiosity of Asian immigrant families in order to provide holistic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Sun Kim
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin
- School of Nursing, College of Health & Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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10
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Exploring the ‘Patient Experience’ of Individuals with Limited English Proficiency: A Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 21:853-878. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Hong M, De Gagne JC, Shin H. Social networks, health promoting-behavior, and health-related quality of life in older Korean adults. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 20:79-88. [PMID: 29178182 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, we compared the sociodemographic characteristics, social networks, health-promoting behavior, and the health-related quality of life of older Korean adults living in South Korea to those of older Korean adult immigrants living in the USA. A total of 354 older adults, aged 65 years or older, participated. Data were collected through self-directed questionnaires, and analyzed using a two way analysis of variance, t-tests, χ2 -tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The association between four sociodemographic characteristics and health-related quality of life was significantly different between the two groups. For the older Korean adults living in South Korea, positive correlations existed between a measure of their social networks and both health-promoting behavior and health-related quality of life. For the older Korean immigrants, the findings revealed a positive correlation only between social networks and health-promoting behavior. The study findings support the important association social networks can have with health-related quality of life, and their possible relationship to health-promoting behaviors of older Korean adults. We suggest that health policy-makers and healthcare providers develop comprehensive programs that are designed to improve older adults' social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Hong
- Department of Nursing, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Korea
| | | | - Hyewon Shin
- School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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12
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First-generation Korean immigrants' barriers to healthcare and their coping strategies in the US. Soc Sci Med 2016; 168:93-100. [PMID: 27639484 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines first-generation Korean immigrants' barriers to healthcare in the US and their strategies for coping with these issues by analyzing survey data from 507 Korean immigrants and in-depth interviews with 120 Korean immigrants in the New York-New Jersey area. It reports that more than half of Korean immigrants have barriers to healthcare in the US, with the language barrier being the most frequent response, followed by having no health insurance. Korean immigrants are not passive, but rather active entities who display coping strategies for these barriers, such as seeing co-ethnic doctors in the US, seeking Hanbang (traditional Korean medicine) in the US, and taking medical tours to the home country. However, their coping strategies are far removed from formal US healthcare as their behaviors are still restricted to the informal healthcare within the ethnic community or home country. This study methodologically and theoretically contributes to the literature on immigrants' healthcare behaviors by using a mixed-method approach and developing a specific framework for one particular immigrant group.
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13
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Kim SS, Kim-Godwin YS, Koenig HG. Family Spirituality and Family Health Among Korean-American Elderly Couples. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:729-746. [PMID: 26330374 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality has been regarded as an individual and private matter; consequently, research on spirituality as a family phenomenon has been largely neglected. In addition, most published research has been focused on Western cultures. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of family spirituality and how it influences health among Korean-American elderly couples who are the first generation to reside in the Southeastern USA. A thematic and interpretive data analysis method was used. Thirteen elderly couples (N = 26) participated in in-depth individual interviews in Korean with the primary author. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and then translated by two bilingual researchers with a background in Korean and American culture. Three main themes of family spirituality were identified: (1) family togetherness, (2) family interdependence, and (3) family coping. Also, participants reported that family spirituality strengthened family health by fostering family commitment, improving emotional well-being, developing new healthy behaviors, and providing healing experiences. This finding implies that healthcare providers need to assess family spiritual issues of elderly couples to maximize their strengths for coping with health problems. As our society becomes more culturally diverse, healthcare providers should seek to understand family spirituality from different cultural perspectives to develop a more holistic approach to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Sun Kim
- Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
| | - Yeoun Soo Kim-Godwin
- School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, King Abudlaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rhodes SD, Song E, Nam S, Choi SJ, Choi S. Identifying and intervening on barriers to healthcare access among members of a small Korean community in the southern USA. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2015; 98:484-91. [PMID: 25617908 PMCID: PMC8515198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used community-based participatory research (CBPR) to explore barriers to healthcare access and utilization and identify potentially effective intervention strategies to increase access among members of the Korean community in North Carolina (NC). METHODS Our CBPR partnership conducted 8 focus groups with 63 adult Korean immigrants in northwest NC and 15 individual in-depth interviews and conducted an empowerment-based community forum. RESULTS We identified 20 themes that we organized into four domains, including practical barriers to health care, negative perceptions about care, contingencies for care, and provider misconceptions about local needs. Forum attendees identified four strategies to improve Korean community health. CONCLUSION Despite the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), many Korean community members will continue to remain uninsured, and among those who obtain insurance, many barriers will remain. It is imperative to ensure the health of this highly neglected and vulnerable community. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Potential strategies include the development of (1) low-literacy materials to educate members of the Korean community about how to access healthcare services, (2) lay health advisor programs to support navigation of service access and utilization, (3) church-based programming, and (4) provider education to reduce misconceptions about Korean community needs.
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