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McKenzie K, Tanfield Y, Murray G, Sandhu R. Facilitating the identification of intellectual disability in schools: A qualitative study of stakeholder views. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13175. [PMID: 37969027 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children experience delayed or missed identification of an intellectual disability diagnosis, meaning that key opportunities for early educational intervention may be lost. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the views of teachers, parents, and clinicians (n = 22), about the use of the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS-Q) and what could improve screening and identification of intellectual disability in schools. Thematic analysis was used to identify relevant themes. RESULTS Three themes were identified: the need for, and role of, screening in the context of limited knowledge about intellectual disability; the impact of screening and subsequent identification of intellectual disability; and the context within which participants felt screening should take place in order to maximise its benefits. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed the importance and benefits of timely identification of children with an intellectual disability and the positive role that screening might play in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen McKenzie
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yasmin Tanfield
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Rinku Sandhu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, NHS Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK
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McKenzie K, Robson R, Murray G, Kaczmar M, Metcalfe D, Shirley A. The views of people using homeless services about learning disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231215412. [PMID: 37949059 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231215412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS People with a learning disability are at increased risk of becoming homeless, but little is known about how learning disability is viewed by people accessing homeless services. This study aimed to obtain the views of people experiencing homelessness about learning disability, in the context of a project that was exploring how to increase identification of learning disability. METHODS A qualitative approach was used, and 19 adults were interviewed who were receiving support from homeless services in the North-East of England. Information from the interviews was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four themes were identified relating to understanding of learning disability, the role of identification, day-to-day challenges, and experiences of services. CONCLUSION There is a need to: promote better understanding of learning disability; for early identification processes that involve the person in a meaningful way; and the provision of support that is non-stigmatising, practical and which addresses health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Robson
- Evaluation, Learning & Research Manager, Changing Lives, UK
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McKenzie K, Murray G, Metcalfe D, Robson R, Kaczmar M, Shirley A. Using the learning disability screening questionnaire to help identify people with an intellectual disability in homeless services. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:1319-1325. [PMID: 37635318 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the accuracy of using the learning disability screening questionnaire (LDSQ) in services for people experiencing homelessness in the United Kingdom. METHOD We examined the concordance between the LDSQ outcomes and assessments of intellectual disability. Seventy adults experiencing homelessness completed the LDSQ. Staff completed the LDSQ and a measure of adaptive functioning for 38 of this group. Nine participants received an intellectual assessment. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity for the LDSQ when completed by staff was 83% and 96% respectively and 50% and 92% when completed by the individual. Seven people had intellectual and adaptive functioning in the intellectual disability range. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the LDSQ would be an appropriate and beneficial screening tool to use within services for people experiencing homelessness. More accurate results would be likely if it were completed by staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen McKenzie
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Dale Metcalfe
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Kerman N, Kidd SA, Voronov J, Marshall CA, O'Shaughnessy B, Abramovich A, Stergiopoulos V. Victimization, safety, and overdose in homeless shelters: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Health Place 2023; 83:103092. [PMID: 37515964 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this prospectively registered systematic review was to identify the factors that contribute to sense of safety, victimization, and overdose risk in homeless shelters, as well as groups that are at greater risk of shelter-based victimization. Fifty-five articles were included in the review. Findings demonstrated that fears of violence and other forms of harm were prominent concerns for people experiencing homelessness when accessing shelters. Service users' perceptions of shelter dangerousness were shaped by the service model and environment, interpersonal relationships and interactions in shelter, availability of drugs, and previous living arrangements. 2SLGBTQ+ individuals were identified as being at heightened risk of victimization in shelters. No studies examined rates of shelter-based victimization or tested interventions to improve safety, with the exception of overdose risk. These knowledge gaps hinder the establishment of evidence-based practices for promoting safety and preventing violence in shelter settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Kerman
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sean A Kidd
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Voronov
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Alex Abramovich
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vicky Stergiopoulos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Thurman W, Heitkemper E, Hutson T, Preston A, Hecht J. "The System Tends to Scoop You Up and Spit You Out and They're Done With You": The Intersection of Intellectual/Developmental Disability and Homelessness From the Perspectives of Service Providers. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1017-1029. [PMID: 37550990 PMCID: PMC10494477 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231186880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience elevated risk for poor health and social outcomes in adulthood and are at risk for experiencing homelessness and housing instability. Although the exact prevalence of IDD among homeless populations is unknown, a small body of literature related to the intersection of IDD and homelessness suggests differential health needs and service use patterns, with a need for targeted health and social services. In this study, we explore the perceptions and experiences of 18 homeless or disability service providers about (a) their clients at the intersection of IDD and homelessness and (b) their role and the services provided at the intersection of IDD and homelessness. Participants struggled to provide appropriate, accessible services for this population, owing to lack of training and awareness of specific needs, fragmented systems, and inadequately funded healthcare and housing support. Our findings also reveal that clients at this intersection have high contact with public systems, which places them at risk for losing their right to self-determination. Recommendations center on systems transformation to facilitate the ability of providers to collaborate and to make data-driven decisions to deliver person-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Thurman
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Tara Hutson
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Angela Preston
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Hecht
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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McNeill S, O'Donovan D, Hart N. Access to healthcare for people experiencing homelessness in the UK and Ireland: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:910. [PMID: 35831884 PMCID: PMC9281084 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have poorer physical and mental health than the general population. They are also more likely to have less access to healthcare. These processes of access can be better understood using Levesque’s access framework which addresses both supply (service provision) and demand (user abilities). Methods Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, electronic peer-reviewed databases were searched in February 2022 for studies published since 2000 related to access to healthcare for PEH ages 16 and older in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland. Retrieved articles were screened and those eligible were selected for data extraction. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included. Results Fifty-six papers out of 538 identified were selected and aliased. Six main themes were identified: staff education, flexibility of systems, service coordination, patient preparedness, complex health needs and holistic care. These relate to the Levesque access framework. Conclusions Improving access to healthcare for PEH requires changes to how services are provided and how service-user abilities are supported. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08265-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McNeill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BA.
| | - Diarmuid O'Donovan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BA
| | - Nigel Hart
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT12 6BA
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Brown M, McCann E. Homelessness and people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of the international research evidence. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:390-401. [PMID: 32959955 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities can experience homelessness, and some of the reasons differ from the general homeless population. Specific policy and practice responses are required. METHOD A systematic review of studies examining homelessness among people with intellectual disabilities utilizing CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Sociological Abstracts databases from inception to November 2019. RESULTS The search produced 259 papers, and following screening, a total of 13 papers were included in the review. The themes identified were (i) pathways into homelessness, (ii) experiencing homelessness and (iii) routes out of homelessness. CONCLUSIONS People with ID become homeless due to multifactorial issues. The identification of people within homeless services and their care and support concerns remains challenging, impacting upon the provision of assessments, interventions, care and supports. Psychosocial assessments, interventions and supports are necessary to assist people with ID to leave homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brown
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edward McCann
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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