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Wynn SN, Solanki P, Millington J, Copeland A, Lu J, McNair R, Sanchez AA. LGBTQIA health in medical education: a national survey of Australian medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:733. [PMID: 38973013 PMCID: PMC11229260 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual (LGBTQIA) individuals experience poorer health outcomes than other individuals. Insufficient LGBTQIA health education of doctors in existing medical curricula contributes to these outcomes. We sought to explore medical students' experiences of content coverage and mode of delivery, as well as their preparedness, attitudes and learning needs regarding LGBTQIA health education in Australia. METHODS Using a conceptual framework specific to curricular development, we adapted a previous cross-sectional national survey. This included 28 questions (analysed statistically) and 5 free text responses (analysed deductively using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework). Data was compared between LGBTQIA and non-LGBTQIA respondents, and clinical and preclinical students. RESULTS There were 913 participants from 21 of 23 medical schools, with most preclinical (55%) and clinical (89%) students reporting no teaching specific to LGBTQIA health. Reported content coverage was highest for sexual history taking (30%), and especially low for transgender and intersex health (< 16%), and intersectional LGBTQIA health (< 7%). Participants had positive attitudes towards LGBTQIA health, with 89% agreeing LGBTQIA topics were important and need to be covered in detail. Students desired longitudinal integration of LGBTQIA content, and LGBTQIA community involvement and case-based teaching that allows for interaction and questions. Self-perceived competency was low in all LGBTQIA health topics, although LGBTQIA participants reported higher preparedness than non-LGBTQIA participants. CONCLUSIONS Majority of survey participants reported limited teaching of LGBTQIA health-specific content, highlighting the limited coverage of LGBTQIA health in Australian medical schools. Participants expressed positive attitudes towards LGBTQIA content and broadly agreed with statements supporting increased integration of LGBTQIA health content within medical curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Nicolades Wynn
- The Australian Medical Students Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Pravik Solanki
- The Australian Medical Students Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jayde Millington
- The Australian Medical Students Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony Copeland
- The Australian Medical Students Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jessie Lu
- The Australian Medical Students Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth McNair
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Asiel Adan Sanchez
- School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Elboga G, Kocamer Sahin S, Demir B, Ozdamar Unal G, Alparslan B, Altıntaş E, Marangoz TK, Guneyligil Kazaz T, Altindag A. LGBTI Healthcare in Medical Education. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:284-288. [PMID: 38598728 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Our aim is to reveal the interaction of cultural and religious influences with professional equipment by determining the level of knowledge, sexual attitudes, and homophobia of medical students about LGBTI+ individuals. The study included 324 students from our faculty of medicine. The Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale, the Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men scale, and the Hendrick Sexual Attitudes scale were used with the sociodemograpic data form. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The mean score of the students from the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale was 58.50. The findings of our study support that medical students consider that the education they receive in this regard is inadequate. One of the goals of undergraduate medical education is the provision of health services to all segments of society; therefore, it is recommended to make improvements in the curriculum in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Elboga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sengul Kocamer Sahin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Demir
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gulin Ozdamar Unal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Beyza Alparslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ezel Altıntaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | | | - Abdurrahman Altindag
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Franks N, Mullens AB, Aitken S, Brömdal A. Fostering Gender-IQ: Barriers and Enablers to Gender-affirming Behavior Amongst an Australian General Practitioner Cohort. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:3247-3270. [PMID: 35759651 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2092804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While the visible population of trans and gender diverse Australians has grown significantly in recent years, primary health-care access remains hindered by a lack of practitioner competency and stigmatization. This article draws on qualitative research of purposively selected gender-affirming general practitioners (GPs) in Australia to explore barriers, and enablers when treating trans and gender diverse patients. Perspectives and behaviors during the gender-affirming clinical encounter were theoretically informed through minority stress theory, and master narrative frameworks. Reflexive thematic analysis facilitated a rich description of exemplary gender-affirming primary care. A considerable gap exists between structural, clinical, and cultural behaviors among competent gender-affirming GPs in Australia, and the majority of practitioners evidenced in the literature. This critical analysis contributes to better understanding how gender-affirming Australian GPs diffuse minority stress, negotiate cis-normative biases, and foster a person-centered longitudinal therapeutic relationship with their trans and gender diverse patients. An encounter the article argues may also provide an essential buffer for GPs in Australia against the risk of professional burnout. Gender-affirming practice should be taught as a core competency and be required as professional development for GPs in Australia, to ensure a beneficial clinical encounter for the growing trans and gender diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Franks
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy B Mullens
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Aitken
- Queensland Children's Gender Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annette Brömdal
- School of Education, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Rosenberg S, Callander D, Holt M, Duck-Chong L, Pony M, Cornelisse V, Baradaran A, Duncan DT, Cook T. Cisgenderism and transphobia in sexual health care and associations with testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: Findings from the Australian Trans & Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253589. [PMID: 34288911 PMCID: PMC8294496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgender and gender diverse people have unique risks and needs in the context of sexual health, but little is known about sexual health care for this population. In 2018, a national, online survey of sexual health and well-being was conducted with trans and gender diverse people in Australia (n = 1,613). Data from this survey were analysed to describe uptake of sexual health care and experiences of interpersonal and structural cisgenderism and transphobia. Experiences of cisgenderism and transphobia in sexual health care were assessed using a new, four-item scale of 'gender insensitivity', which produced scores ranging from 0 (highly gender sensitive) to 4 (highly gender insensitive). Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine if experiences of gender insensitivity in sexual health care were associated with uptake and frequency of HIV/STI testing in the 12 months prior to participation. Trans and gender diverse participants primarily accessed sexual health care from general practice clinics (86.8%), followed by publicly funded sexual health clinics (45.6%), community-based services (22.3%), and general hospitals (14.9%). Experiences of gender insensitivity were common overall (73.2% of participants reported ≥2 negative experiences) but most common in hospitals (M = 2.9, SD = 1.3) and least common in community-based services (M = 1.3, SD = 1.4; p<0.001). When controlling for sociodemographic factors, social networks, general access to health care, and sexual practices, higher levels of gender insensitivity in previous sexual health care encounters were associated with a lower likelihood of recent HIV/STI testing (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]:091,0.96, p<0.001) and less-frequent HIV/STI testing (B = -0.07, 95%CI:-0.10,-0.03, p = 0.007). Given the high rates of HIV and other STIs among trans and gender diverse people in Australia and overseas, eliminating cisgenderism and transphobia in sexual health care may help improve access to diagnostic testing to reduce infection rates and support the overall sexual health and well-being of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Rosenberg
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Denton Callander
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Holt
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liz Duck-Chong
- AIDS Council of New South Wales (ACON), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mish Pony
- Scarlet Alliance, Australian Sex Workers Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vincent Cornelisse
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kirkton Road Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amir Baradaran
- School of the Arts, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dustin T. Duncan
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Teddy Cook
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- AIDS Council of New South Wales (ACON), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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