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Martin‐Piedra MA, Carmona G, Campos F, Carriel V, Fernández‐González A, Campos A, Cuende N, Garzón I, Gacto P, Alaminos M. Histological assessment of nanostructured fibrin-agarose skin substitutes grafted in burnt patients. A time-course study. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10572. [PMID: 38023713 PMCID: PMC10658487 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A previously developed fibrin-agarose skin model-UGRSKIN-showed promising clinical results in severely burnt patients. To determine the histological parameters associated to the biocompatibility and therapeutic effects of this model, we carried out a comprehensive structural and ultrastructural study of UGRSKIN grafted in severely burnt patients after 3 months of follow-up. The grafted epidermis was analogue to native human skin from day 30th onward, revealing well-structured strata with well-differentiated keratinocytes expressing CK5, CK8, CK10, claudin, plakoglobin, filaggrin, and involucrin in a similar way to controls, suggesting that the epidermis was able to mature and differentiate very early. Melanocytes and Langerhans cells were found from day 30th onward, together with a basement membrane, abundant hemidesmosomes and lack of rete ridges. At the dermal layer, we found an interface between the grafted skin and the host tissue at day 30th, which tended to disappear with time. The grafted superficial dermis showed a progressive increase in properly-oriented collagen fibers, elastic fibers and proteoglycans, including decorin, similarly to control dermis at day 60-90th of in vivo follow-up. Blood vessels determined by CD31 and SMA expression were more abundant in grafted skin than controls, whereas lymphatic vessels were more abundant at day 90th. These results contribute to shed light on the histological parameters associated to biocompatibility and therapeutic effect of the UGRSKIN model grafted in patients and demonstrate that the bioengineered skin grafted in patients is able to mature and differentiate very early at the epithelial level and after 60-90 days at the dermal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Martin‐Piedra
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of HistologyUniversity of GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Gloria Carmona
- Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies (former Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies) ‐ Fundación Andaluza Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain; Andalusian Transplant Coordination, Servicio Andaluz de SaludSevilleSpain
- Doctoral program in BiomedicineUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Fernando Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of HistologyUniversity of GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of HistologyUniversity of GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Ana Fernández‐González
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
- Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies (former Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies) ‐ Fundación Andaluza Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain; Andalusian Transplant Coordination, Servicio Andaluz de SaludSevilleSpain
- Unidad de Producción Celular e Ingeniería TisularHospital Universitario Virgen de las NievesGranadaSpain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of HistologyUniversity of GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Natividad Cuende
- Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies (former Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies) ‐ Fundación Andaluza Progreso y Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain; Andalusian Transplant Coordination, Servicio Andaluz de SaludSevilleSpain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of HistologyUniversity of GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | | | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of HistologyUniversity of GranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
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Shen Z, Sun L, Liu Z, Li M, Cao Y, Han L, Wang J, Wu X, Sang S. Rete ridges: Morphogenesis, function, regulation, and reconstruction. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:19-34. [PMID: 36427683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rete ridges (RRs) are distinct undulating microstructures at the junction of the dermis and epidermis in the skin of humans and certain animals. This structure is essential for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of skin and preserving homeostasis. With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, artificial skin grafts have made great progress in the field of skin healing. However, the restoration of RRs has been often disregarded or absent in artificial skin grafts, which potentially compromise the efficacy of tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, this review collates recent research advances in understanding the structural features, function, morphogenesis, influencing factors, and reconstruction strategies pertaining to RRs. In addition, the preparation methods and limitations of tissue-engineered skin with RRs are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The technology for the development of tissue-engineered skin (TES) is widely studied and reported; however, the preparation of TES containing rete ridges (RRs) is often ignored, with no literature reviews on the structural reconstruction of RRs. This review focuses on the progress pertaining to RRs and focuses on the reconstruction methods for RRs. In addition, it discusses the limitations of existing reconstruction methods. Therefore, this review could be a valuable reference for transferring TES with RR structure from the laboratory to clinical applications in skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Lu Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- General Hospital of TISCO, North Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan 030809, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China; Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China.
| | - Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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Aleemardani M, Trikić MZ, Green NH, Claeyssens F. The Importance of Mimicking Dermal-Epidermal Junction for Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110148. [PMID: 34821714 PMCID: PMC8614934 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a distinct boundary between the dermis and epidermis in the human skin called the basement membrane, a dense collagen network that creates undulations of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). The DEJ plays multiple roles in skin homeostasis and function, namely, enhancing the adhesion and physical interlock of the layers, creating niches for epidermal stem cells, regulating the cellular microenvironment, and providing a physical boundary layer between fibroblasts and keratinocytes. However, the primary role of the DEJ has been determined as skin integrity; there are still aspects of it that are poorly investigated. Tissue engineering (TE) has evolved promising skin regeneration strategies and already developed TE scaffolds for clinical use. However, the currently available skin TE equivalents neglect to replicate the DEJ anatomical structures. The emergent ability to produce increasingly complex scaffolds for skin TE will enable the development of closer physical and physiological mimics to natural skin; it also allows researchers to study the DEJ effect on cell function. Few studies have created patterned substrates that could mimic the human DEJ to explore their significance. Here, we first review the DEJ roles and then critically discuss the TE strategies to create the DEJ undulating structure and their effects. New approaches in this field could be instrumental for improving bioengineered skin substitutes, creating 3D engineered skin, identifying pathological mechanisms, and producing and screening drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleemardani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Michael Zivojin Trikić
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
| | - Nicola Helen Green
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; (M.A.); (M.Z.T.); (N.H.G.)
- Correspondence:
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