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Xavier JKAM, Baia TGC, Alegria OVC, Figueiredo PLB, Carneiro AR, Moreira ECDO, Maia JGS, Setzer WN, da Silva JKR. Essential Oil Chemotypes and Genetic Variability of Cinnamomum verum Leaf Samples Commercialized and Cultivated in the Amazon. Molecules 2022; 27:7337. [PMID: 36364159 PMCID: PMC9655072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum (Lauraceae), also known as "true cinnamon" or "Ceylon cinnamon" has been widely used in traditional folk medicine and cuisine for a long time. The systematics of C. verum presents some difficulties due to genetic variation and morphological similarity between other Cinnamomum species. The present work aimed to find chemical and molecular markers of C. verum samples from the Amazon region of Brazil. The leaf EOs and the genetic material (DNA) were extracted from samples cultivated and commercial samples. The chemical composition of the essential oils from samples of C. verum cultivated (Cve1-Cve5) and commercial (Cve6-c-Cv9-c) was grouped by multivariate statistical analysis of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The major compounds were rich in benzenoids and phenylpropanoids, such as eugenol (0.7-91.0%), benzyl benzoate (0.28-76.51%), (E)-cinnamyl acetate (0.36-32.1%), and (E)-cinnamaldehyde (1.0-19.73%). DNA barcodes were developed for phylogenetic analysis using the chloroplastic regions of the matK and rbcL genes, and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer. The psbA-trnH sequences provided greater diversity of nucleotides, and matK confirmed the identity of C. verum. The combination of DNA barcode and volatile profile was found to be an important tool for the discrimination of C. verum varieties and to examine the authenticity of industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Talissa Gabriele C. Baia
- Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Oscar Victor C. Alegria
- Centro de Genômica e Biologia de Sistemas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Sociais e Educação, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66050-540, Brazil
| | - Adriana R. Carneiro
- Centro de Genômica e Biologia de Sistemas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Edith Cibelle de O. Moreira
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá 68501-970, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme S. Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Joyce Kelly R. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
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