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Đoćoš M, Thiha A, Vejin M, Movrin D, Jamaluddin NF, Kojić S, Petrović B, Ibrahim F, Stojanović G. Analysis of Covarine Particle in Toothpaste Through Microfluidic Simulation, Experimental Validation, and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10539-10555. [PMID: 38463280 PMCID: PMC10918793 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Covarine, copper phthalocyanine, a novel tooth whitening ingredient, has been incorporated into various toothpaste formulations using diverse technologies such as larger flakes, two-phase pastes, and microbeads. In this study, we investigated the behavior of covarine microbeads (200 μm) in Colgate advanced white toothpaste when mixed with artificial and real saliva. Our analysis utilized a custom-designed microfluidic mixer with 400 μm wide channels arranged in serpentine patterns, featuring a Y-shaped design for saliva and toothpaste flow. The mixer, fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing technology, incorporated a flexible transparent resin (Formlabs' Flexible 80A resin) and PMMA layers. COMSOL simulations were performed by utilizing parameters extracted from toothpaste and saliva datasheets, supplemented by laboratory measurements, to enhance simulation accuracy. Experimental assessments encompassing the behavior of covarine particles were conducted using an optical profilometer. Viscosity tests and electrical impedance spectroscopy employing recently developed all-carbon electrodes were employed to analyze different toothpaste dilutions. The integration of experimental data from microfluidic chips with computational simulations offers thorough insights into the interactions of covarine particles with saliva and the formation of microfilms on enamel surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Đoćoš
- Faculty
of Technical Sciences, University of Novi
Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Aung Thiha
- Centre
for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Marija Vejin
- Faculty
of Technical Sciences, University of Novi
Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Dejan Movrin
- Faculty
of Technical Sciences, University of Novi
Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin
- Centre
for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sanja Kojić
- Faculty
of Technical Sciences, University of Novi
Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Bojan Petrović
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Centre
for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Goran Stojanović
- Faculty
of Technical Sciences, University of Novi
Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
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Fallahinejad Ghajari M, Shamsaei M, Sadeghpour Galouyak M, Basandeh K. Evaluation of Abrasion and Whitening Effect of Toothpastes Containing Charcoal on Primary Teeth. Front Dent 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 36458278 PMCID: PMC9675625 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v19i22.9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Parents are aware of the importance of anterior tooth esthetics in their children. Children also pay attention to their appearance more than ever. Today, charcoal has been added to toothpastes. Charcoal can help whiten teeth through abrasion. This study aimed to investigate the degree of bleaching and abrasion of charcoal toothpaste on primary teeth. Materials and Method: This in-vitro study was performed on 30 extracted primary teeth. Initially, the samples were polished, cut, and mounted in blocks of putty. The samples were placed in a coffee solution and then the tooth color was measured by a spectrophotometer and the initial surface profile was measured by a profilometer. The samples were brushed back and forth by the brushing machine with 20 gr Bancer, Beverly, and Colgate toothpastes (mixed with 40 ml of distilled water) for 2000 times (equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months). A color determination was performed again and a second surface profile was measured. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA and paired t-test. Results: The results of this study showed that all three Beverly, Bencer and Colgate whitening toothpastes increased the surface profile and made significant statistical changes in the roughness of dental specimens (P=0.01, P=0.005, P=0.001). The statistical study of the data did not show a significant difference between the groups in terms of abrasion and whitening properties (P=0.78, P= 0.99). Conclusion: Three whitening toothpastes whiten primary teeth and increase their surface roughness. These three toothpastes are not statistically different in terms of abrasion and whitening properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajari
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Professor of Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shamsaei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Relationship between Toothpaste Dilution Ratio and Droplets Generated during Tooth-Brushing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074157. [PMID: 35409838 PMCID: PMC8998844 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Guidelines for using toothpaste during tooth-brushing in public places during the coronavirus epidemic are lacking. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using toothpaste in terms of droplet generation during brushing, the number of droplets generated, and their scatter range are unknown; therefore, we investigated the relationships between diluted toothpaste viscosity, the number of droplets generated, and the droplets’ flight distance. We developed a system to quantitate droplet generation during tooth-brushing. Brushing with water generated 5965 ± 266 droplets; 10.0× diluted toothpaste generated 538 ± 56, 4.00× diluted toothpaste generated 349 ± 15, and 2.00× diluted toothpaste generated 69 ± 27 droplets. Undiluted toothpaste generated no droplets. Droplet number tended to increase with increased toothpaste dilution ratio and decreased viscosity (r = −0.993). The maximum flight distances were 429 ± 11, 445 ± 65, 316 ± 38, and 231 ± 21 mm for water, 10.0×, 4.00×, and 2.00× diluted toothpaste, respectively. The maximum flight distance and toothpaste viscosity correlated negatively (r = −0.999). Thus, the less diluted the toothpaste, the fewer the droplets generated during brushing, and the shorter their flight distance. The use of an appropriate amount of toothpaste is recommended to prevent droplet infection during tooth-brushing.
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Sfondrini MF, Pascadopoli M, Gallo S, Ricaldone F, Kramp DD, Valla M, Gandini P, Scribante A. Effect of Enamel Pretreatment with Pastes Presenting Different Relative Dentin Abrasivity (RDA) Values on Orthodontic Bracket Bonding Efficacy of Microfilled Composite Resin: In Vitro Investigation and Randomized Clinical Trial. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020531. [PMID: 35057248 PMCID: PMC8779612 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bonding failure is a clinical issue frequently encountered in orthodontic practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel pretreatment both in vitro and clinically using agents with different RDA values before brackets’ bonding, to assess if RDA can affect the Shear Bond Strength (SBS), Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) and clinical failure rate of orthodontic brackets. For the in vitro study, 220 bovine teeth were pretreated with agents with different RDA values. Subsequently, brackets were bonded. For the clinical study, 20 patients underwent bonding of 20 brackets each with a split-mouth design. Low and high RDA toothpastes were used for enamel pretreatment. SBS, ARI and failures were recorded. Higher SBS values were found for teeth pretreated with lower RDA agents; conversely, lower SBS values were found for teeth pretreated with higher RDA agents (p < 0.05). For high ARI values, RDA increased too (p > 0.05). In the clinical study, a significantly lower failure rate was reported for teeth pretreated with low RDA toothpaste (2.5% in low RDA group, 7.0% in high RDA group; p < 0.05). No significant differences were assessed comparing the two dental arches and anterior and posterior sites. Enamel pretreatment with low RDA toothpastes could increase brackets’ survival rate. Further in vitro and clinical studies would be welcomed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Sfondrini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pascadopoli
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Gallo
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Ricaldone
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Dirk Kramp
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Margherita Valla
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Gandini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Shen P, Fernando JR, Yuan Y, Walker GD, Reynolds C, Reynolds EC. Bioavailable fluoride in calcium-containing dentifrices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:146. [PMID: 33420297 PMCID: PMC7794534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium added to dentifrices can complex with fluoride ions to reduce intra-oral bioavailability and therefore efficacy in preventing dental caries. Six commercially available dentifrices containing different types of calcium and fluoride were analyzed for total and bioavailable fluoride levels by adding 10 g of dentifrice to 30 mL of distilled deionized water and mixing vigorously for 1 min to simulate toothbrushing. One milliliter of the dentifrice/water slurry was immediately centrifuged and the supernatant removed for bioavailable fluoride analysis and the mixed slurry prior to centrifugation used for total fluoride analysis using a modified microdiffusion method. The concentration of fluoride was determined using a fluoride ion-selective electrode calibrated with internal fluoride standards. All the dentifrices had similar total fluoride concentrations to those indicated on their labels (94% to 105%). However, only one dentifrice that contained calcium in the form of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) had almost 100% (97%) of fluoride in bioavailable form. The other dentifrices contained calcium carbonate and they exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) lower bioavailable fluoride levels (27% to 61%), through the generation of poorly soluble fluoride phases. The saliva biomimetic CPP, as CPP-ACP, in a dentifrice stabilised calcium and fluoride ions to maintain fluoride's bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Shen
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - James R Fernando
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Yi Yuan
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Glenn D Walker
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Coralie Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Kim JY, Bak S, Chung B, Ha W, Jung Y. Facile and Effective Approach Enabling the Prediction of the Dispersibility of Toothpastes With Rheological Parameters. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- LG Science Park LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Gangseo‐gu Seoul 07796 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Bak
- LG Science Park LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Gangseo‐gu Seoul 07796 Republic of Korea
| | - Brian Chung
- LG Science Park LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Gangseo‐gu Seoul 07796 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Ha
- LG Science Park LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Gangseo‐gu Seoul 07796 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Jung
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education Cheonan Chungnam 31253 Republic of Korea
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Al-Hashedi AA, Laurenti M, Amine Mezour M, Basiri T, Touazine H, Jahazi M, Tamimi F. Advanced inorganic nanocomposite for decontaminating titanium dental implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:761-772. [PMID: 30194897 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral hygiene and regular maintenance are crucial for preserving good peri-implant health. However, available prophylaxis products and toothpastes, which are optimized for cleaning teeth, tend to contaminate and abrade implant surfaces due to their organic components and silica microparticles, respectively. This study aims to develop an organic-free implant-paste based on two-dimensional nanocrystalline magnesium phosphate gel and hydrated silica nanoparticles (20-30% w/w) for cleaning oral biofilm on titanium dental implants. The surface chemistry, morphology, and bacterial load of contaminated Ti disks before and after decontamination using prophylaxis brushing with toothpaste and implant-paste were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Both commercial toothpastes and implant-paste remove bacteria, however, only implant-paste protects Ti metal from abrasion and removes organic contaminants. XPS showed a significant decrease of carbon contamination from 73% ± 2 to 20% ± 2 after mechanical brushing with implant-paste compared to 41% ± 11 when brushing with commercial toothpastes (p < 0.05). Fluorescence microscopy revealed that bacteria load on biofilm contaminated Ti (44 × 103 ± 27 × 103 /µm2 ) was significantly reduced with the implant-paste to 2 × 103 ± 1 × 102 /µm2 and with a commercial toothpaste to 2.9 × 103 ± 7·102 /µm2 . This decay is relatively higher than the removal achieved using rotary prophylaxis brush alone (5 × 103 ± 1 × 103 /µm2 , p < 0.05). Accordingly, this novel implant-paste shows a great promise as an efficient decontamination approach. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 761-772, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq A Al-Hashedi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Marco Laurenti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tayebeh Basiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heithem Touazine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Jahazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dentifrices for children differentially affect cell viability in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:453-461. [PMID: 27052616 PMCID: PMC5203830 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Child dentifrices vary in their composition, with possible differential impacts on cells in the oral soft tissue. While cytotoxicity studies have been performed on adult dentifrices, no respective studies have thus far been reported on child dentifrices. Material and methods Seventeen commercial dentifrices for children up to 12 years of age were evaluated with respect to their in vitro cytotoxicity on gingival fibroblasts, oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2 cells, and L929 mouse fibroblasts. Proliferation was analyzed and live-dead staining was performed. Results Ten child dentifrices greatly reduced cell viability with LC50 values below 5 %. Four dentifrices showed a moderate cytotoxicity with LC50 values between 5 and 20 %. Three child dentifrices showed almost no cytotoxicity with LC50 values above 95 %. The results of the assays for proliferation and live-dead staining supported these findings. Conclusions The different composition of the child dentifrices translated into a broad spectrum of in vitro cytotoxicity on cells of the oral cavity. Clinical relevance The in vitro data provide the scientific foundation for further in vivo research testing the clinical relevance of the present findings.
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Park JE, Kim KE, Choi YJ, Park YD, Kwon HJ. The stability of water- and fat-soluble vitamin in dentifrices according to pH level and storage type. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:191-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry and Institue of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry and Institue of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jun Choi
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry and Institue of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Duk Park
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry and Institue of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry and Institue of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Dongdaemoon-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Reis CP, Roque LV, Baptista M, Rijo P. Innovative formulation of nystatin particulate systems in toothpaste for candidiasis treatment. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:282-7. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.999783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pinto Reis
- CBIOS – Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal and
| | - Luís Vasques Roque
- School of Sciences and Health Technologies (ECTS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marina Baptista
- CBIOS – Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal and
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS – Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal and
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Remineralizing Effect of Child Formula Dentifrices on Artificial Enamel Caries Using a pH Cycling Model. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2015; 12:11-7. [PMID: 26005449 PMCID: PMC4436322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although fluoridated toothpastes are among the most accessible fluoride sources for caries prevention, their remineralization potential remains questionable. This study sought to compare the effects of 5 different child formula dentifrices on remineralization of artificial primary enamel caries using a pH cycling model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty sound primary canine teeth were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to produce 100μm-deep artificial caries. The teeth were then longitudinally sectioned into 100-150 μm-thick slices and randomly divided into 5 groups and treated as follows: group A. Calcium phosphate toothpaste, group B. Pooneh children's toothpaste, group C. Biotin toothpaste, group D. Crest children's toothpaste and group E. Darougar children's toothpaste. The specimens underwent a pH cycling model for 10 days. The degree of demineralization before and after treatment and its changes were evaluated under a polarized light microscope and a stereomicroscope and data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc test. RESULTS Stereomicroscopic analysis showed that only group C had a significant difference with other groups (P<0.001) and no significant differences were found between the remaining groups (P>0.05). Polarized light microscopic analysis revealed that in addition to group C, a significant difference was detected between groups A and B (P=0.02) and calcium phosphate toothpaste showed higher efficacy. CONCLUSION All the understudy toothpastes had remineralizing effect but calcium phosphate children's toothpaste had the highest and biotin toothpaste had the lowest efficacy.
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Churchley D, Schemehorn BR. In vitro assessment of a toothpaste range specifically designed for children. Int Dent J 2014; 63 Suppl 2:48-56. [PMID: 24283284 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of a range of low abrasivity experimental toothpastes designed for use by children at different stages of their development (typically ages 0-2 years, 3-5 years and 6+ years) to promote fluoride uptake and remineralisation of artificial caries lesions. METHODS pH cycling study: demineralised human permanent enamel specimens were subjected to a daily pH cycling regime consisting of four 1-minute treatments with toothpaste slurries, a 4-hour acid challenge and remineralisation in pooled whole human saliva. Surface microhardness (SMH) was measured at baseline, 10 days and 20 days, and the fluoride content determined at 20 days. Enamel Fluoride Uptake (EFU): these studies were based on Method #40 described in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) testing procedures. Abrasivity: relative enamel abrasivity (REA) and relative dentine abrasivity (RDA) were measured using the Hefferren abrasivity test. Bioavailable fluoride: the bioavailable fluoride was determined for all experimental toothpastes from slurries of one part toothpaste plus 10 parts deionised water. RESULTS Enamel remineralisation measured by changes in SMH correlated with enamel fluoride content. A statistically significant fluoride dose response was observed for all toothpastes tested across all age groups (P < 0.05). The fluoride content of specimens in the pH cycling model correlated with the EFU testing results. The enamel and dentine abrasivities were low and the level of bioavailable fluoride was high for all experimental toothpastes. CONCLUSION A series of low abrasivity experimental toothpastes were developed which were effective at promoting fluoride uptake and remineralisation of artificial caries lesions.
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