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Roig X, Halbaut L, Elmsmari F, Pareja R, Arrien A, Duran-Sindreu F, Delgado LM, Espina M, García ML, Sánchez JAG, Sánchez-López E. Calcium hydroxide-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in thermosensitive gel as a novel intracanal medicament. Int Endod J 2024; 57:907-921. [PMID: 38374518 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Design, produce and assess the viability of a novel nanotechnological antibacterial thermo-sensible intracanal medicament This involves encapsulating calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) within polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and dispersing them in a thermosensitive gel (Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel). In addition, perform in vitro and ex vivo assessments to evaluate tissue irritation and penetration capacity into dentinal tubules in comparison to free Ca(OH)2. METHODOLOGY Reproducibility of Ca(OH)₂-NPs was confirmed by obtaining the average size of the NPs, their polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Moreover, rheological studies of Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel were carried out with a rheometer, studying the oscillatory stress sweep, the mean viscosity value, frequency and temperature sweeps. Tolerance was assessed using the membrane of an embryonated chicken egg. In vitro Ca(OH)2 release was studied by direct dialysis in an aqueous media monitoring the amount of Ca(OH)2 released. Six extracted human teeth were used to study the depth of penetration of fluorescently labelled Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel into the dentinal tubules and significant differences against free Ca(OH)2 were calculated using one-way anova. RESULTS Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel demonstrated to be highly reproducible with an average size below 200 nm, a homogeneous NPs population, negative surface charge and high entrapment efficiency. The analysis of the thermosensitive gel allowed us to determine its rheological characteristics, showing that at 10°C gels owned a fluid-like behaviour meanwhile at 37°C they owned an elastic-like behaviour. Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel showed a prolonged drug release and the depth of penetration inside the dentinal tubules increased in the most apical areas. In addition, it was found that this drug did not produce irritation when applied to tissues such as eggs' chorialantoidonic membrane. CONCLUSION Calcium hydroxide-loaded PLGA NPs dispersed in a thermosensitive gel may constitute a suitable alternative as an intracanal antibacterial medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rubén Pareja
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aizea Arrien
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis María Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Alamri HM, Liu H, Zhang D, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. An In Vitro Study: Does Adding Iodine Potassium Iodide and Cetrimide to Calcium Hydroxide Paste Enhance Its Antimicrobial Effect Against Oral Biofilms? Cureus 2023; 15:e51203. [PMID: 38283497 PMCID: PMC10818093 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of calcium hydroxide (CH), 0.5% iodine potassium iodide (IKI), and 0.5% cetrimide (CTR), alone and in combinations on one-week and three-week-old biofilms. Materials and methods Gingival plaque was collected, and biofilms were grown in vitro anaerobically. Biofilms were exposed to each of the three medicaments and their combinations for one day, one week, and two weeks. Proportions of dead and live bacteria in the biofilms were evaluated. Results The killing of bacteria by different medicaments in the three-week-old biofilm was lower than in the one-week-old biofilm (p<0.05). The efficacy of IKI and CTR in killing bacteria was weaker than that of CH, but the highest efficacy in killing was achieved when all three were combined (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the antibiofilm effect between a day's exposure to the mixture of the three medicaments and one or two weeks of treatment with CH alone (p>0.05). Conclusions Three-week-old biofilms are more resistant to medicaments than one-week-old biofilms. Combining IKI and CTR with CH resulted in a stronger antibiofilm effect than using CH alone. Mixing the three medicaments may enable obtaining the desired clinical effect in a shorter exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi M Alamri
- Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Duo Zhang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
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Martinho FC, Corazza BJM, Khoury RD, Orozco EIF, Toia CC, Machado FP, Valera MC. Impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medications in primary endodontic infection: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023. [PMID: 35723751 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04511-z.[e-pub]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This RCT investigated the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medications (ICMs) in primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis (PEIAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six teeth with PEIAP were randomly divided into groups according to the ICM: NAC, Ca(OH)2 + saline solution (SSL), and Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine-gel (2% CHX-gel) (all, n = 12). Root canal samples (RCSs) were collected before (s1) and after instrumentation (s2) and after 14 days of ICM (s3). Chemomechanical preparation (CMP) was performed with a Reciproc file and 2.5% NaOCl. Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was used to assess 40 target bacteria species. RESULTS At s1, bacterial DNA was detected in 100% of RCSs (36/36). All 40 bacterial species were found in PEIAP. The mean number of species per RCS was 17.92 ± 13.18. The most frequent bacteria were S. mitis (65%), E. nodatum (63%), E. faecalis (63%), F. nucl sp vicentii (58%), T. forsythia (58%), and F. periodonticum (56%). CMP reduced the mean number of species per RCS to 6.8 ± 2.36 (p < 0.05). At s3, the intragroup analysis revealed a broader antimicrobial activity for Ca (OH)2 + 2% CHX-gel and NAC than Ca(OH)2 + SSL (p < 0.05). NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs, including P. micra, P. nigrescens, T. denticola, A. israelii, P. endodontalis, P. acnes, C. ochracea, and E. corrodens. CONCLUSIONS Ca (OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel (2% CHX gel) showed a greater bacterial elimination over the number of bacterial species; however, NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs (RBR-3xbnnn). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of intracanal medication with a broad antimicrobial activity can optimize root canal disinfection. Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel and NAC showed a broader antimicrobial activity than Ca(OH)2 + SSL against endodontic pathogens in primary root canal infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), No. RBR-3xbnnn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico C Martinho
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 West Baltimore Street, 6th floor, Suite 6253, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Bruna J M Corazza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayana D Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esteban I F Orozco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia C Toia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martinho FC, Corazza BJM, Khoury RD, Orozco EIF, Toia CC, Machado FP, Valera MC. Impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medications in primary endodontic infection: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:817-826. [PMID: 35723751 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This RCT investigated the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medications (ICMs) in primary endodontic infection with apical periodontitis (PEIAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six teeth with PEIAP were randomly divided into groups according to the ICM: NAC, Ca(OH)2 + saline solution (SSL), and Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine-gel (2% CHX-gel) (all, n = 12). Root canal samples (RCSs) were collected before (s1) and after instrumentation (s2) and after 14 days of ICM (s3). Chemomechanical preparation (CMP) was performed with a Reciproc file and 2.5% NaOCl. Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization was used to assess 40 target bacteria species. RESULTS At s1, bacterial DNA was detected in 100% of RCSs (36/36). All 40 bacterial species were found in PEIAP. The mean number of species per RCS was 17.92 ± 13.18. The most frequent bacteria were S. mitis (65%), E. nodatum (63%), E. faecalis (63%), F. nucl sp vicentii (58%), T. forsythia (58%), and F. periodonticum (56%). CMP reduced the mean number of species per RCS to 6.8 ± 2.36 (p < 0.05). At s3, the intragroup analysis revealed a broader antimicrobial activity for Ca (OH)2 + 2% CHX-gel and NAC than Ca(OH)2 + SSL (p < 0.05). NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs, including P. micra, P. nigrescens, T. denticola, A. israelii, P. endodontalis, P. acnes, C. ochracea, and E. corrodens. CONCLUSIONS Ca (OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel (2% CHX gel) showed a greater bacterial elimination over the number of bacterial species; however, NAC eliminated 8/12 bacteria species resistant to both Ca (OH)2 ICMs (RBR-3xbnnn). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of intracanal medication with a broad antimicrobial activity can optimize root canal disinfection. Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel and NAC showed a broader antimicrobial activity than Ca(OH)2 + SSL against endodontic pathogens in primary root canal infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC), No. RBR-3xbnnn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico C Martinho
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 West Baltimore Street, 6th floor, Suite 6253, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Bruna J M Corazza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayana D Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esteban I F Orozco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia C Toia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Vehicles of Calcium Hydroxide Pastes Interfere with Antimicrobial Effect, Biofilm Polysaccharidic Matrix, and Pastes' Physicochemical Properties. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123123. [PMID: 36551879 PMCID: PMC9775961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the pH, volumetric alteration, antimicrobial action, and effect on biofilm matrix polysaccharides of calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes with different vehicles available in endodontics: CH + propylene glycol (CHP), UltraCal XS®, Metapaste®, and Metapex®. The pH was analyzed at different time intervals using a pH meter. For volumetric alteration, a microtomographic assay was performed before and after immersion in water. Enterococcus faecalis was chosen for microbiological tests. The bacterial viability and extracellular matrix were quantified with direct contact evaluation (dentin blocks) and at the intratubular level (dentin cylinders) using LIVE/DEAD BacLight and Calcofluor White dyes via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used to analyze pH and direct contact assays, while one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze volumetric alteration and intratubular decontamination (α = 0.05). Higher pH values were obtained during the initial days. Volumetric alterations were similar in all groups. Lower bacterial viability was obtained for dentin blocks and cylinders when CH pastes were used. UltraCal XS and Metapex had lower values for the extracellular matrix. The pH of all CH pastes decreased with time and did not promote medium alkalization for up to 30 days. CH paste can reduce bacterial viability through direct contact and at an intratubular level; however, UltraCal XS and Metapex are involved with lower volumes of extracellular matrices.
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Silva S, Alves N, Silva P, Vieira T, Maciel P, Castellano LR, Bonan P, Velozo C, Albuquerque D. Antibacterial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis, Zingiber officinale, Citrus aurantium bergamia, and Copaifera officinalis Alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8129439. [PMID: 31915705 PMCID: PMC6935445 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8129439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of essential oils combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. Thirteen experimental groups were formed: NC (negative control); PC (positive control); GC (growth control); SC (sterilization control); RO (Rosmarinus officinalis); ROH (calcium hydroxide + RO); ZO (Zingiber officinale); ZOH (calcium hydroxide + ZO); AB (Citrus aurantium bergamia); ABH (calcium hydroxide + AB); CO (Copaifera officinalis); COH (calcium hydroxide + CO); DWH (calcium hydroxide and distilled water). After reconstitution of the E. faecalis strain, microdilution testing was performed to define the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The data were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet, and the MIC and MBC were calculated in accordance with the Bacteriological Analytical Handbook. MICs in the range of 0 to 100 mg/ml were only observed in the ROH group. The RO, ROH, AB, ZO, and ZOH presented absolute data for MBC. Bacterial growth was detected in the DWH group at all concentrations tested. The combination of the essential oils tested here with calcium hydroxide appears promising as an intracanal medication in endodontic treatment because of its effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis. Essential oils are important in endodontic therapy since calcium hydroxide, the gold standard intracanal medication, is not effective against E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Nayane Alves
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Thalita Vieira
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Panmella Maciel
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB 58033-455, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Roberto Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group‐GEPIH, Health Technical School, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58033-455, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bonan
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB 58033-455, Brazil
| | - Christianne Velozo
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
| | - Diana Albuquerque
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Camaragibe, PE 54756-220, Brazil
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Nevares G, Queiroz de Melo Monteiro G, Veras Sobral AP, Lemos de Campello S, Cristiny Figueredo Cassimiro da Silva M, Bezerra A, Xavier Bezerra da Silva F, Musso Scheneider C, Santana Albuquerque D. Hardened exogenous material after extrusion of calcium hydroxide with barium sulfate: Case study and histopathologic and laboratory analyses. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 149:59-66. [PMID: 29304911 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW Although calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) paste associated with barium sulfate (BaSO4) is considered a safe agent, there is a lack of clinical research on its effects on periodontal and submucosal tissues. The aim of the authors was to report the effects of extrusion of Ultracal XS paste (Ultradent Products) in 2 cases. The authors also analyzed the paste constituents and compared them with the proportion reported by the manufacturer and the material extruded. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors present 2 cases in which root canals were restored with Ultracal XS paste after cleaning and shaping, and there was unintentional overextension of the paste into periradicular tissues, with a hardened exogenous material observed associated with inflammatory signs and symptoms. A biopsy was performed, and the material was subjected to histopathologic analysis and characterization through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. CONCLUSIONS BaSO4 and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were associated with a hardened material after Ultracal XS paste extrusion. The Ca(OH)2 percentage on the Ultracal XS paste was approximately 2 times greater than the proportion reported by the manufacturer. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Ca(OH)2 with BaSO4 paste application should be performed carefully, and its extrusion to periradicular and submucosal tissues should not occur. Its extrusion may result in the formation of a persistent exogenous material of hardened consistency associated with inflammatory signs and symptoms.
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Pereira TC, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Graeff MSZ, Ribeiro MCM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxide pastes. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aguiar AS, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria G, Leonardo RT, Tanomaru-Filho M. Antimicrobial Activity and pH of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Intracanal Medication and Association with Chlorhexidine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:624-629. [PMID: 26423497 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate pH and antibacterial activity of pastes with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and zinc oxide (ZnO) microparticles (micro) or nanoparticles (nano) and association with 0.4% chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The following pastes were analyzed: Ca(OH)2/ZnO micro, (2) Ca(OH)2/ZnO nano, (3) Ca(OH)2/ ZnO micro + 0.4% chlorhexidine, (4) Ca(OH)2/ZnO nano + 0.4% chlorhexidine. Antibacterial activity against E. faecalis was evaluated by agar diffusion test. The direct contact test on planktonic cells of E. faecalis was performed for 30 and 60 seconds. Root canals from bovine teeth were filled with the pastes and pH was evaluated after 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days. The data obtained were submitted to the statistical tests analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS Calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nano, and the pastes with 0.4% chlorhexidine were more effective in agar diffusion test. In the direct contact test, the pastes with chlorhexidine showed the highest effect after 30 seconds. All pastes eliminated E. faecalis after 60 seconds. All pastes promoted an increase in pH. The highest increase in pH was observed with nanoparticle medications after 1 and 7 days (p < 0.05). After this period, the pastes presented similar pH increase. CONCLUSION It was concluded that calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles promoted greater initial alkalinization. The antimicrobial activity of the pastes against E. faecalis is favored by the association with chlorhexidine. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide promoted antibacterial effect, the activity against E. faecalis is favored by association with chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Souza Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Brazil, Phone: 551633016390, e-mail:
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Isolation of Alkaline-tolerant Bacteria from Primary Infected Root Canals. J Endod 2015; 41:451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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