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Feige S, Holzgreve F, Fraeulin L, Maurer-Grubinger C, Betz W, Erbe C, Nienhaus A, Groneberg DA, Ohlendorf D. Ergonomic Analysis of Dental Work in Different Oral Quadrants: A Motion Capture Preliminary Study among Endodontists. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:400. [PMID: 38671821 PMCID: PMC11048138 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentists, including endodontists, frequently experience musculoskeletal disorders due to unfavourable working postures. Several measures are known to reduce the ergonomic risk; however, there are still gaps in the research, particularly in relation to dental work in the different oral regions (Quadrants 1-4). METHODS In this study (of a pilot character), a total of 15 dentists (8 male and 7 female) specialising in endodontics were measured while performing root canal treatments on a phantom head. These measurements took place in a laboratory setting using an inertial motion capture system. A slightly modified Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) coding system was employed for the analysis of kinematic data. The significance level was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS The ergonomic risk for the entire body was higher in the fourth quadrant than in the first quadrant for 80% of the endodontists and higher than in the second quadrant for 87%. For 87% of the endodontists, the ergonomic risk for the right side of the body was significantly higher in the fourth quadrant compared to the first and second quadrant. The right arm was stressed more in the lower jaw than in the upper jaw, and the neck also showed a greater ergonomic risk in the fourth quadrant compared to the first quadrant. CONCLUSION In summary, both the total RULA score and scores for the right- and lefthand sides of the body ranged between 5 and 6 out of a possible 7 points. Considering this considerable burden, heightened attention, especially to the fourth quadrant with a significantly higher ergonomic risk compared to Quadrants 1 and 2, may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Feige
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Holzgreve
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Fraeulin
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Maurer-Grubinger
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Betz
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Dental Radiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christina Erbe
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Albert Nienhaus
- Principles of Prevention and Rehabilitation Department (GPR), Institute for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW), 22089 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David A. Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Ohlendorf
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Astin BS, Nuzum FM, DiMassa AJ, Mickel AK. Risk Factors and Prevalence of Occupational Musculoskeletal Pain among Endodontists in the United States. J Endod 2024; 50:17-21. [PMID: 37890612 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) of pain, weakness, numbness, or paresthesia is a common issue for dental health care providers. The aims of this study were to (1) identify the prevalence of MSDs among endodontists in the United States, (2) to identify risk factors of MSDs among United States endodontists, and (3) to compare these findings with other published findings for dental providers. METHODS A 24-question survey regarding the demographics, potential risk factors, and prevalence of MSDs was formulated and distributed to 5394 members of the American Association of Endodontists. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis to find significance at α = 0.05. RESULTS Six hundred twenty participants responded to the survey for an overall response rate of 12%. Of the submitted surveys, 527 of them confirmed to be endodontists practicing in the United States, and all results were derived from those 527 surveys. Seventy-four percent of respondents reported having experienced MSDs in the last 12 months, and 88% reported having experienced at least 1 MSD thus far during their career. Eighty-five percent of female participants reported an MSD within the past 12 months compared with 70% of males. CONCLUSIONS MSDs have a high prevalence among endodontists in the United States. The neck and lower back were the areas of highest MSD prevalence. Female sex and the frequent adoption of awkward postures were factors associated with significantly higher rates of reported MSDs in the last 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Astin
- Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - F Micah Nuzum
- Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexander J DiMassa
- Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andre K Mickel
- Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Zhang C, Roossien CC, Verkerke GJ, Houdijk H, Hijmans JM, Greve C. Biomechanical Load of Neck and Lumbar Joints in Open-Surgery Training. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6974. [PMID: 37571757 PMCID: PMC10422459 DOI: 10.3390/s23156974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) like neck and back pain is high among open-surgery surgeons. Prolonged working in the same posture and unfavourable postures are biomechanical risk factors for developing MSS. Ergonomic devices such as exoskeletons are possible solutions that can reduce muscle and joint load. To design effective exoskeletons for surgeons, one needs to quantify which neck and trunk postures are seen and how much support during actual surgery is required. Hence, this study aimed to establish the biomechanical profile of neck and trunk postures and neck and lumbar joint loads during open surgery (training). Eight surgical trainees volunteered to participate in this research. Neck and trunk segment orientations were recorded using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) system during open surgery (training). Neck and lumbar joint kinematics, joint moments and compression forces were computed using OpenSim modelling software and a musculoskeletal model. Histograms were used to illustrate the joint angle and load distribution of the neck and lumbar joints over time. During open surgery, the neck flexion angle was 71.6% of the total duration in the range of 10~40 degrees, and lumbar flexion was 68.9% of the duration in the range of 10~30 degrees. The normalized neck and lumbar flexion moments were 53.8% and 35.5% of the time in the range of 0.04~0.06 Nm/kg and 0.4~0.6 Nm/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the neck and lumbar compression forces were 32.9% and 38.2% of the time in the range of 2.0~2.5 N/kg and 15~20 N/kg, respectively. In contrast to exoskeletons used for heavy lifting tasks, exoskeletons designed for surgeons exhibit lower support torque requirements while additional degrees of freedom (DOF) are needed to accommodate combinations of neck and trunk postures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.J.V.); (J.M.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Charlotte Christina Roossien
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.C.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Gijsbertus Jacob Verkerke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.J.V.); (J.M.H.); (C.G.)
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Han Houdijk
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.C.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Juha M. Hijmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.J.V.); (J.M.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Greve
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (G.J.V.); (J.M.H.); (C.G.)
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (C.C.R.); (H.H.)
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Salman F, Haj Younes A, Msheik A. Neck and Musculoskeletal Pain Among Dentists: A Review of the Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e33609. [PMID: 36788815 PMCID: PMC9910811 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), notably neck pain, are important occupational health issues in the field of dentistry. Many studies were done worldwide to gather data about neck and back pain. They used different characteristics and risk factors. Other studies aimed to determine only the prevalence of neck and back problems among dentists. We aim to review the literature for research about the optimal factors to be assessed and the proper measures to be installed by dentists to prevent cervical pain and to be taught and shared with dental students. Such an aim requires a thorough review of the current condition. This is a brief review of the literature to shed light on the latest news on this topic. Research using keywords such as dentistry, neck pain, neck pain index, occupational pain, and dental specialties were used to skim the literature for related topics. Publications are considered based on their relevance to the topic. Topics related to other professions and pain induced by illnesses other than occupational factors are not included. The final conclusion shows that no final results were conducted regarding the optimal characteristics that the dentists should be using. Therefore, we recommend a study with an aim to determine the optimal factors to be used by dentists to prevent cervical pain and to be taught to dental students.
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Chenna D, Pentapati KC, Kumar M, Madi M, Siddiq H. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental healthcare providers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2022; 11:1062. [PMID: 36505095 PMCID: PMC9709350 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124904.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common in dentistry due to the prolonged static work involved during patient care, making dental health care personnel vulnerable to musculoskeletal complaints. We aimed to pool the prevalence estimates of MSD among various dental healthcare providers, including dentists, dental students, dental hygienists, and auxiliaries. Methods: A systematic search of five databases was performed (Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source). The studies that reported the prevalence of MSD among dental healthcare workers and those written in English were selected. Screening and data extraction were performed by two review authors independently. Discrepencies were resolved by another review author. Risk of bias assessment was done using a nine-item questionnaire developed by Hoy et al. Pooled estimates were calculated using meta-analysis of proportions (random effects model). Results: Among the 3090 publications screened, 234 publications were included for full-text screening. Meta-analysis was performed for 89 estimates from 88 publications. Females showed significantly higher prevalence [OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.09-1.84); I 2 = 66.02; N = 32]. The analysis yielded a pooled estimate of 78.4% (95% CI = 74.8-82). The meta-regression showed similar prevalence over the years (Coefficient: 0.001; P-value: 0.762). Conclusions: A high prevalence of MSD was noted among dental healthcare providers, with about seven out of ten having experienced MSD in the past. This emphasizes the need for awareness and adoption of appropriate ergonomic postures by dental healthcare providers from early in their careers to minimize work-related MSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Chenna
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kalyana C Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India,
| | - Mathangi Kumar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Medhini Madi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Hanan Siddiq
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Zhang C, Greve C, Verkerke GJ, Roossien CC, Houdijk H, Hijmans JM. Pilot Validation Study of Inertial Measurement Units and Markerless Methods for 3D Neck and Trunk Kinematics during a Simulated Surgery Task. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8342. [PMID: 36366040 PMCID: PMC9658075 DOI: 10.3390/s22218342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surgeons are at high risk for developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS), like neck and back pain. Quantitative analysis of 3D neck and trunk movements during surgery can help to develop preventive devices such as exoskeletons. Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and markerless motion capture methods are allowed in the operating room (OR) and are a good alternative for bulky optoelectronic systems. We aim to validate IMU and markerless methods against an optoelectronic system during a simulated surgery task. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC (2,1)), root mean square error (RMSE), range of motion (ROM) difference and Bland-Altman plots were used for evaluating both methods. The IMU-based motion analysis showed good-to-excellent (ICC 0.80-0.97) agreement with the gold standard within 2.3 to 3.9 degrees RMSE accuracy during simulated surgery tasks. The markerless method shows 5.5 to 8.7 degrees RMSE accuracy (ICC 0.31-0.70). Therefore, the IMU method is recommended over the markerless motion capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Greve
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus Jacob Verkerke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Christina Roossien
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Houdijk
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juha M. Hijmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Soo SY, Ang WS, Chong CH, Tew IM, Yahya NA. Occupational ergonomics and related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists: A systematic review. Work 2022; 74:469-476. [PMID: 36278379 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing concern about musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), resulting from occupational health hazards among dentists. Dentists who are susceptible to occupational health hazards could develop cumulative trauma disorders, lead to absenteeism from work, loss of productivity and performance or even long-term disability. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists, explore the risk factors and identify the ergonomic preventive measures for dental professionals. METHODS Articles published between 2008-2020 were searched in scientific databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library). The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Systematic Review Checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies. RESULTS Eighteen studies were found to be suitable in the final review. Relevant data was extracted and summarized from the included studies. The annual prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in any body site ranged between 68% and 100%. The most predominant regions for musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals were identified to be the lower back (29% to 94.6%), shoulder (25% to 92.7%), and neck (26% to 92%). The most frequently reported risk factors of MSDs were the individual characteristic female gender (57.1%), followed by awkward working postures (50%), long working experience (50%) and being dental specialists (42.9%). Several preventive measures were identified as the most effective ways in preventing MSDs, the use of magnification (40%) and regular physical activity (40%). CONCLUSIONS This review reported a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among dentists. It critically updates and adds the latest evidence on occupational ergonomics among dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Yeo Soo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Sze Ang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chen Hooi Chong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - In Meei Tew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asyikin Yahya
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chenna D, Pentapati KC, Kumar M, Madi M, Siddiq H. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental healthcare providers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2022; 11:1062. [PMID: 36505095 PMCID: PMC9709350 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124904.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common in dentistry due to the prolonged static work involved during patient care, making dental health care personnel vulnerable to musculoskeletal complaints. We aimed to pool the prevalence estimates of MSD among various dental healthcare providers, including dentists, dental students, dental hygienists, and auxiliaries. Methods: A systematic search of five databases was performed (Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source). The studies that reported the prevalence of MSD among dental healthcare workers and those written in English were selected. Screening and data extraction were performed by two review authors independently. Discrepencies were resolved by another review author. Risk of bias assessment was done using a nine-item questionnaire developed by Hoy et al. Pooled estimates were calculated using meta-analysis of proportions (random effects model). Results: Among the 3090 publications screened, 234 publications were included for full-text screening. Meta-analysis was performed for 89 estimates from 88 publications. Females showed significantly higher prevalence [OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.09-1.84); I 2 = 66.02; N = 32]. The analysis yielded a pooled estimate of 78.4% (95% CI = 74.8-82). The meta-regression showed similar prevalence over the years (Coefficient: 0.001; P-value: 0.762). Conclusions: A high prevalence of MSD was noted among dental healthcare providers, with about seven out of ten having experienced MSD in the past. This emphasizes the need for awareness and adoption of appropriate ergonomic postures by dental healthcare providers from early in their careers to minimize work-related MSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Chenna
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kalyana C Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mathangi Kumar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Medhini Madi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Hanan Siddiq
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Adulyawat W, Chokechanachaisakul U, Janwantanakul P. Poor neck posture and longer working duration during root canal treatment correlated with increased neck discomfort in dentists with <5-years' experience in endodontics. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12362. [PMID: 36125183 PMCID: PMC9487186 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of neck posture and working duration during each step of root canal treatment (i.e. opening the canal [OC], length determination, mechanical instrumentation, try main cone, and filling the root canal) on neck discomfort (ND) in dentists with <5-years' endodontic experience. METHODS Twenty-four dentists performed a one-visit endodontic treatment of an upper molar in a phantom head model. A video was recorded to evaluate the dentists᾽ neck postures using the Modified-Dental Operator Posture Assessment Instrument (M-DOPAI) and treatment duration. The M-DOPAI divides the dentists᾽ neck postures into three categories: acceptable, compromised, or harmful posture. The participants rated their ND using Borg᾽s CR-10 scale every 10 min. and at the end of each treatment step. The relationships between neck posture/treatment duration and Borg᾽s CR-10 scores were examined using partial correlation. RESULTS The number of compromised and harmful neck postures during the endodontic procedure (r = 0.43, P = .04) and treatment duration (r = 0.58 P = .005) significantly correlated with ND at the end of treatment. The number of compromised and harmful neck postures during the OC step (r = 0.75, P < .001) and the duration of the OC step (r = .70, P < .001) significantly correlated with ND at the end of the step. CONCLUSION Poor neck postures and long working duration during endodontic treatment correlated with ND among inexperienced dentists. Neck pain interventions should focus on neck postures and work duration during root canal treatment, particularly in the OC step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapa Adulyawat
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | - Prawit Janwantanakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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Afshar MK, Faryabi R, Afshar MK, Torabi M. Evaluation of the Frequency of Occupational Hazards Among a Group of Iranian General Dentists and its Prevention Criteria. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Sweeney K, Mackey M, Spurway J, Clarke J, Ginn K. The effectiveness of ergonomics interventions in reducing upper limb work-related musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction in sonographers, surgeons and dentists: a systematic review. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:1-38. [PMID: 32866082 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1811401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the effects of ergonomics interventions on work-related upper limb musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction, and on productivity in sonographers, surgeons and dentists. A total of 31 studies were included. All studies reported effects on upper limb pain. Nine studies reported effects on dysfunction and only two studies reported effects on productivity. Moderately strong evidence in reducing upper limb pain was found for instigation of microbreaks into long duration surgical procedures, and the use of wider, lighter handles in dental instruments. Moderate evidence was also found for use of prismatic glasses and favourable positioning in reducing upper limb pain. Weak, inconsistent or no evidence was found for all other ergonomics interventions in reducing upper limb pain and dysfunction and increasing productivity. The lack of high quality research, particularly in sonographers and in the outcome of productivity, should be addressed. Practitioner summary: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of ergonomics interventions on upper limb pain, dysfunction and productivity in sonographers, dentists and surgeons. Instigation of microbreaks during long duration procedures and the use of wider, lighter instrument handles were most effective in reducing upper limb work-related pain. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; CLS: conventional laparoscopic surgery; DMAIC: define, measure, analyze, improve and control; GRADE: grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations; HD: high definition; PRISMA: preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; PROSPERO: The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; RCT: randomised control trial; SILS: single incision laparoscopic surgery; VITOM: video telescopic operative microscope; WNSWLHD: Western New South Wales Local Health District; WMSD: work related musculoskeletal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Sweeney
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Martin Mackey
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | | | - Jillian Clarke
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Karen Ginn
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Braga T, Robb N, Love RM, Amaral RR, Rodrigues VP, de Camargo JMP, Duarte MAH. The impact of the use of magnifying dental loupes on the performance of undergraduate dental students undertaking simulated dental procedures. J Dent Educ 2020; 85:418-426. [PMID: 32984960 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the use of magnification (2.5x dental loupes) for third-year dental students in simulated endodontics and fixed prosthodontics assessments compared to those using no magnification. METHODS Upon institutional review board exemption, third-year dental students were assessed during endodontics and fixed prosthodontics exams in the simulation laboratory. The endodontic group (n = 93) consisted of students who made an endodontic access preparation on a plastic lower left first molar (Nissan). The prosthodontic group (n = 86) consisted of students who made porcelain fused to metal preparation (PFM) on a plastic lower right first molar mounted on an acrylic lower jaw model (Columbia Dentoform). The impact of the use of dental loupes was evaluated. Assessment of the tasks was undertaken by experts-calibrated, blinded examiners-using a standardized marking rubric for each task. The statistical analysis included Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Logistic regression. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS Students' preparations using magnification were better compared with those without magnification. Students using magnification had a significantly higher pass rate than those not using magnification in both endodontic and prosthodontic groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, third-year dental students who used loupes in the endodontics and prosthodontics simulation laboratory had significantly higher scores at the assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Braga
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel Robb
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Matthew Love
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Amaral
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidade Catolica, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vandilson Pinheiro Rodrigues
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Savić Pavičin I, Lovrić Ž, Zymber Çeshko A, Vodanović M. Occupational Injuries among Dentists in Croatia. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:51-59. [PMID: 32523157 PMCID: PMC7233126 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/1/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental profession is characterized by a high risk of injuries at work due to exposure to specific working conditions. The operating area in a patient's mouth is small, and it is handled by a large number of sharp instruments and drills that rotate at high speed, which creates an aerosol contaminated with particles of saliva and blood. This poses a risk of transmitting infections from patients to the dentist through stabbing incidents and cuts, which are some of the most common occupational injuries that are reported in the scientific literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of occupational injuries among dentists in Croatia, to establish most common injuries, and to determine the main risk factors. The aim of this research was also to determine the dentists' opinion on causes that are responsible for the occupational diseases and injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey was conducted based on a sample of 406 dentists from Croatia as respondents to an electronic survey. RESULTS 63.05% of the respondents suffered injuries caused by dental practitioners. The most common injuries were needle puncture incidents (57.75%) and cuts (20.86%), followed by eye injuries (13.37%), patient bite (4.81%) and punches (1.60%). The largest number of respondents stated the improper posture as the most important cause of occupational diseases and injuries, followed by stress, infection and noise. CONCLUSION Knowledge of risk factors is the first step of injury prevention. Our respondents were largely aware of the dangers surrounding them. Nevertheless, the frequency of injuries was high and there is still a need for preventive measures to minimize the frequency of injuries in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Savić Pavičin
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Anthropology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Marin Vodanović
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Anthropology, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Mayta-Tovalino F, Vidal W, Romero-Tapia P, Mauricio F, Mauricio-Vilchez C, Alvítez-Temoche D, Robles G. Associated risk factors and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Peruvian undergraduate dental students: A multivariate analytical study. J Int Oral Health 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_125_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Prevalence and occupational risk factors of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals in Western countries: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208628. [PMID: 30562387 PMCID: PMC6298693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This review aimed at examining the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals in Western countries. Furthermore, possible occupational risk factors were analyzed. Methods The literature search was conducted from June to July 2016, with an update in December 2017 using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, LIVIVO, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science. The quality assessment was performed with a standardized instrument consisting of 10 items. A meta-analysis was carried out to compute pooled prevalence rates for musculoskeletal diseases and pain. Results A total of 41 studies were included in this review; 30 studies met the criteria for the meta-analysis. Prevalence rates of musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals ranged from 10.8% to 97.9%. The neck was the body region affected most often (58.5%, 95% CI = 46.0–71.0) followed by the lower back (56.4%, 95% CI = 46.1–66.8), the shoulder (43.1%, 95% CI = 30.7–55.5) and the upper back (41.1%, 95% CI = 32.3–49.9). Potential occupational risk factors included an awkward working posture, high number of treated patients, administrative work, vibration, and repetition. Conclusions Musculoskeletal diseases and pain are a significant health burden for dental professionals. This study showed high prevalence rates for several body regions. Therefore, suitable interventions for preventing musculoskeletal diseases and pain among dental professionals are needed.
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Plessas A, Bernardes Delgado M. The role of ergonomic saddle seats and magnification loupes in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2018; 16:430-440. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Plessas
- Peninsula Dental School; Plymouth University (PUPSMD); Plymouth UK
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17
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Al-Rawi NH, Khatib HE, Rajoub L, El-Sayed M, Naji R, Youssef R, Kawas SA. Work-related Musculoskeletal Pain among Different Dental Specialists in United Arab Emirates. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17:639-44. [PMID: 27659080 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentists are at a very high risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal pain. The present study aimed at studying the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among different dental specialists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and correlating the region of pain with the type of clinical work done by the specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of more than 100 dentists was chosen randomly from different emirates in UAE. An interview questionnaire was administered regarding the number of years of experience and the presence, region, duration, and type of musculoskeletal pain they experienced. RESULTS Musculoskeletal pain is experienced by 83.3% of periodontists, 80% of conservative dentists, 77.8% of endodon-tists, 72.7% of orthodontists, 70% of oral surgeons, 63.6% of prosthodontists, 63% of general dental practitioners, and 50% of pedodontists. The results have also indicated that the region of experienced musculoskeletal pain does vary according to the specialty. From those dentists who experience work-related musculoskeletal pain, 80% of conservative dentists experience pain in neck and shoulders, 66.7% of periodontists, and 54.5% of orthodontists experience pain in the lower back region. More than 50% of endodontists experience pain in the neck and shoulders regions, and 39% of general dental practitioners who experience pain in the neck region. CONCLUSION Preventive measures need to be taken to decrease the risk of dentists and dental specialists developing work-related musculoskeletal pain. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among registered general dental practitioners and dental specialists in UAE was not clearly documented. The study results indicated that the region that experienced musculoskeletal pain does vary according to the specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natheer H Al-Rawi
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, e-mail:
| | - Hiba El Khatib
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lin Rajoub
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariem El-Sayed
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawand Naji
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem Youssef
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Bartols A, Reutter CA, Robra BP, Walther W. Reciproc vs. hand instrumentation in dental practice: a study in routine care. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2182. [PMID: 27375972 PMCID: PMC4928463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Little is known about the clinical impact of new root canal preparation systems in general dental practice under routine care conditions. Therefore, we compared hand instrumentation (H) with Reciproc (R) (VDW, Munich, Germany) preparation. The outcomes were endodontic related pain and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL), evaluation of the procedures by the patients and the strain felt by the dentists during root canal therapy. Methods. Six dentists participated in the trial as practitioner-investigators. In the first phase of the trial they prepared root canals with H and in the second phase with R. The patients documented their pain felt with a visual analogue scale (VAS 100) and OHRQoL with the German short version of the oral health impact profile (OHIP-G-14) before treatment and before the completion of therapy and answered questions about how they experienced the treatment. The dentists documented their physical strain during treatment. Results. A total of 137 patients were included in the evaluation. 66 patients were treated with H, 71 with R. Pain reduction was 32.6 (SD 32.9) VAS (H) vs. 29.4 (SD 26.9) VAS (R) (p = 0.550), and the improvement of the OHIP-14 score was 5.5 (SD 9.2) (H) vs. 6.7 (SD 7.4) (R) (p = 0.383). There were no statistical differences in both groups. Significantly fewer patients felt stressed by the duration of treatment with R as with H (p = 0.018). Significantly more dentists reported that their general physical strain and the strain on their fingers were less severe with R than with H (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001). Discussion. H as well as R effectively reduced endodontic related pain and OHRQoL without statistical differences. R has advantages in terms of how patients experience the treatment and regarding the physical strain felt by the dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bartols
- Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Germany; Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Bernt-Peter Robra
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics, University of Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Winfried Walther
- Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development , Karlsruhe , Germany
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Onety GCDS, Leonel DV, Saquy PC, Silva GPD, Ferreira B, Varise TG, Sousa LGD, Verri ED, Siéssere S, Semprini M, Nepomuceno VR, Regalo SCH. Analysis of endodontist posture utilizing cinemetry, surface electromyography and ergonomic checklists. Braz Dent J 2015; 25:508-18. [PMID: 25590197 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The postural risk factors for dentists include the ease of vision in the workplace, cold, vibration and mechanical pressure in tissues, incorrect posture, functional fixity, cognitive requirements and work-related organizational and psychosocial factors. The objective was to analyze the posture of endodontists at the workplace. Eighteen right-handed endodontists aged 25 to 60 years (34±3) participated in the study. Electromyography, kinemetry, ergonomic scales (RULA and Couto's checklist) and biophotogrammetry were used to analyze the posture of endodontists during root canal treatment of the maxillary right first and second molars using rotary and manual instrumentation. The variations observed in the electromyographic activities during the performance of rotary and manual techniques suggest that the fibers of the longissimus region, anterior and medium deltoid, medium trapezium, biceps, triceps brachii, brachioradialis and short thumb abductor muscles underwent adaptations to provide more accurate functional movements. Computerized kinemetry and biophotogrammetry showed that, as far as posture is concerned, rotary technique was more demanding than the manual technique. In conclusion, the group of endodontists evaluated in this study exhibited posture disorders regardless of whether the rotary or manual technique was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Celso da Silva Onety
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vilela Leonel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Saquy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pádua da Silva
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gilioli Varise
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Sousa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Selma Siéssere
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Semprini
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Rodrigues Nepomuceno
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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