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Israr F, Masood Ul Hasan S, Hussain M, Qazi FUR, Hasan A. Investigating In Situ Expression of Neurotrophic Factors and Partner Proteins in Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod 2023; 49:1668-1675. [PMID: 37660765 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In situ assessments of neurotrophic factors and their associated molecular partners have not been explored to date, particularly in humans. The present investigation aimed to explore the expressional dysregulation of neurotrophic factors (nerve growth factor [NGF], brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], and NT4/5), their receptors (TrkA and TrkB), and their modulators (USP36 and Nedd4-2) directly in irreversibly inflamed human pulp tissues. METHODS Forty samples each of healthy and irreversibly inflamed pulp were extirpated for the study. Immunohistochemical examinations were carried out for the anatomic changes and expression of neurotrophic factors and partner proteins. Expression was digitally quantified using the IHC profiler module of ImageJ and deduced as optical density. Statistical analyses were carried out by GraphPad Prism. RESULTS Decrease in nuclear and vessel diameters was observed in irreversibly inflamed pulp tissues. NGF and BDNF were found to be significantly upregulated in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP), whereas no significant difference was observed in the expression of TrkA and TrkB. Expression of Nedd4-2, USP36, and TrkA was found positively correlated with the NGF in healthy pulp tissues. However, in SIP, positive correlation was only observed between the expression of USP36 and NGF. Among the ligands, BDNF expression was found positively correlated with NGF in healthy pulp but not with NT4/5. In the case of SIP, no correlation was observed between any neurotrophic factors. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of NGF, BDNF, USP36 and Nedd4-2 in SIP indicates dysregulation in the molecular events underlying the disease biology and could be exploited as potential markers for the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Israr
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Masood Ul Hasan
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi
- Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hasan
- Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Lucente MS, Zamparini F, Camero M, Gandolfi MG, Martella V, Prati C. Analysis of oral microbiota in non-vital teeth and clinically intact external surface from patients with severe periodontitis using Nanopore sequencing: a case study. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2185341. [PMID: 36891191 PMCID: PMC9987744 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2185341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases include a wide range of pathological conditions, damaging the supporting structures of the teeth. Origin and propagation of periodontal disease is believed to be caused by dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria in the pulp cavity of teeth with severe periodontal disease with clinically intact external surface. Periodontal (P) and endodontic (E) tissue samples of root canals from six intact teeth of three patients were sampled for analysis of microbial population using Nanopore technology. Streptococcus was the predominant genus in E samples. Porphyromonas (33.4%, p = 0.047), Tannerella (41.7%, p = 0.042), and Treponema (50.0%, p = 0.0064) were significantly more present in P than in E samples. Some samples (E6 and E1) exhibited a remarkable difference in terms of microbial composition, whilst Streptococcus was a common signature in samples E2 to E5, all which were obtained from the same patient. In conclusion, bacteria were identified on both the root surface and the root canal system, thus demonstrating the possibility of bacteria to spread directly from the periodontal pocket to the root canal system even in the absence of crown's loss of integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hu P, Chiarini A, Wu J, Freddi G, Nie K, Armato U, Prà ID. Exosomes of adult human fibroblasts cultured on 3D silk fibroin nonwovens intensely stimulate neoangiogenesis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab003. [PMID: 34212056 PMCID: PMC8240536 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Bombyx mori silk fibroin is a biomacromolecule that allows the assembly of scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration purposes due to its cellular adhesiveness, high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Earlier work showed that two types of 3D silk fibroin nonwovens (3D-SFnws) implanted into mouse subcutaneous tissue were promptly vascularized via undefined molecular mechanisms. The present study used nontumorigenic adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) adhering to a third type of 3D-SFnws to assess whether HDFs release exosomes whose contents promote neoangiogenesis. Methods Electron microscopy imaging and physical tests defined the features of the novel carded/hydroentangled 3D-SFnws. HDFs were cultured on 3D-SFnws and polystyrene plates in an exosome-depleted medium. DNA amounts and D-glucose consumption revealed the growth and metabolic activities of HDFs on 3D-SFnws. CD9-expressing total exosome fractions were from conditioned media of 3D-SFnws and 2D polystyrene plates HDF cultures. Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) in equal amounts of the two groups of exosomal proteins were analysed via double-antibody arrays. A tube formation assay using human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMVECs) was used to evaluate the exosomes’ angiogenic power. Results The novel features of the 3D-SFnws met the biomechanical requirements typical of human soft tissues. By experimental day 15, 3D-SFnws-adhering HDFs had increased 4.5-fold in numbers and metabolized 5.4-fold more D-glucose than at day 3 in vitro. Compared to polystyrene-stuck HDFs, exosomes from 3D-SFnws-adhering HDFs carried significantly higher amounts of AGFs, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-4 and IL-8; angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2; angiopoietin-1 receptor (or Tie-2); growth-regulated oncogene (GRO)-α, GRO-β and GRO-γ; matrix metalloproteinase-1; tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1; and urokinase-type plasminogen activator surface receptor, but lesser amounts of anti-angiogenic tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 and pro-inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. At concentrations from 0.62 to 10 μg/ml, the exosomes from 3D-SFnws-cultured HDFs proved their angiogenic power by inducing HDMVECs to form significant amounts of tubes in vitro. Conclusions The structural and mechanical properties of carded/hydroentangled 3D-SFnws proved their suitability for tissue engineering and regeneration applications. Consistent with our hypothesis, 3D-SFnws-adhering HDFs released exosomes carrying several AGFs that induced HDMVECs to promptly assemble vascular tubes in vitro. Hence, we posit that once implanted in vivo, the 3D-SFnws/HDFs interactions could promote the vascularization and repair of extended skin wounds due to burns or other noxious agents in human and veterinary clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy.,Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, ZunYi City, 563003 Guizhou Province, China
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Jun Wu
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy.,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Second People's Hospital, University of Shenzhen, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Giuliano Freddi
- Silk Biomaterials S.r.l., Via Cavour 2, I-22074, Lomazzo, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Kaiyu Nie
- Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, ZunYi City, 563003 Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy.,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Second People's Hospital, University of Shenzhen, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy.,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Second People's Hospital, University of Shenzhen, 3002 Sungang West Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China
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Sismanoglu S, Ercal P. Dentin-Pulp Tissue Regeneration Approaches in Dentistry: An Overview and Current Trends. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:79-103. [PMID: 32902726 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment approaches in irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis include the disinfection of the pulp space followed by filling with various materials, which is commonly known as the root canal treatment. Disadvantages including the loss of tooth vitality and defense mechanism against carious lesions, susceptibility to fractures, discoloration and microleakage led to the development of regenerative therapies for the dentin pulp-complex. The goal of dentin-pulp tissue regeneration is to reestablish the physiological pulp function such as pulp sensibility, pulp repair capability by mineralization and pulp immunity. Recent dentin-pulp tissue regeneration approaches can be divided into cell homing and cell transplantation. Cell based approaches include a suitable scaffold for the delivery of potent stem cells with or without bioactive molecules into the root canal system while cell homing is based on the recruitment of host endogenous stem cells from the resident tissue including periapical region or dental pulp. This review discusses the recent treatment modalities in dentin-pulp tissue regeneration through tissue engineering and current challenges and trends in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Sismanoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ercal
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Dentine-Pulp Complex Response Induced by Microbiome of Deep Caries. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2019-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Deep caries progress is associated with tertiary dentin formation and additional reversible or irreversible dental pulp inflammation. It seems that some particular signs of pain in irreversible pulpitis are associated to a particular caries microflora. Streptococcus species, Parvimonas micra and Dialister invisus are prevailing in cases of throbbing pain while Streptococcus mutans is incriminated in sensitivity to vertical percussion of tooth. Continuous pain is thought to be the clinical outcome of Lactobacillus implication. A better understanding of molecular signals and mechanisms induced by microbiome of deep caries that orchestrate the modulation of dental pulp complex response toward tertiary dentinogenesis or pulp inflammation it is supposed to improve diagnosis and conservative therapies of vital pulp.
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da Rosa WLO, Piva E, da Silva AF. Disclosing the physiology of pulp tissue for vital pulp therapy. Int Endod J 2018; 51:829-846. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. L. O. da Rosa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - E. Piva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
| | - A. F. da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Pelotas; Pelotas Brazil
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Müller HD, Caballé-Serrano J, Lussi A, Gruber R. Inhibitory effect of saliva on osteoclastogenesis in vitro requires toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2445-2452. [PMID: 28101679 PMCID: PMC5632348 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saliva can suppress osteoclastogenesis, but the underlying mechanism has not been discovered yet. Considering that endotoxins suppress osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cultures and that saliva contains endotoxins, it was reasonable to hypothesize that the impact of saliva on osteoclastogenesis requires toll-like receptor 4 signaling. MATERIAL AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, we blocked toll-like receptor 4 signaling with TAK-242 in the presence of saliva in murine bone marrow cultures. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated based on gene expression analysis and histochemical staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Resorption was performed on dentine. RESULTS We report that TAK-242 reversed the inhibitory effect of fresh sterile saliva on the formation of multinucleated cells that stained positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. In line with this finding, TAK-242 increased the expression of the osteoclast functional genes cathepsin K, calcitonin receptor, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the presence of saliva. TAK-242 also supported the expression of NFATc1, the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, as well as DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2, both being cell fusion genes. In support of the hypothesis, depletion of saliva from endotoxin partially reversed the inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, salivary pellicle on plastic and titanium did not affect osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling revealed that saliva can contribute to innate immunity by preventing hematopoietic progenitors to become osteoclasts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Saliva can activate pattern recognition receptor signaling through endotoxins and other stress factors, indicating the demand for macrophages rather than for osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Dieter Müller
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Caballé-Serrano
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine|, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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