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Gkavela G, Kakouris V, Pappa E, Rahiotis C. Effect of Bleaching Agents on Healthy Enamel, White Spots, and Carious Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38786538 PMCID: PMC11120504 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review examines studies focusing on tooth bleaching and its effects on healthy enamel or incipient caries and bacterial adhesion. The aim is to explore the impact of different bleaching agents on incipient caries lesions and healthy enamel. Clinical studies, in vitro studies, and observational studies that compared at least two groups were included. A search strategy was used to select studies from the MEDLINE via Pubmed and Scopus databases. Two evaluators performed data extraction, screening, and quality assessment independently. Only studies written in English were included. From 968 initial records, 28 studies were selected for a full-text evaluation. Of these, 7 studies were classified as cluster 1 (bacterial adherence on teeth), 12 studies as cluster 2 (no bacteria involved), 4 studies as cluster 3 (no teeth deployment), and 5 clinical studies were cluster 4. Of the selected studies, 6 (21.4%) supported increased bacterial attachment capacity and cariogenic dynamics, 4 (14.3%) decreased adhesion and cariogenic activity, 7 (25%) showed no difference, and 11 (39.3%) followed a different methodological approach and could not be categorized. The risk of bias appeared to be high, mainly because of the different methodologies in the studies, so we cannot reach a confident conclusion. Nevertheless, as far as carbamide peroxide bleaching is concerned, there does not seem to be a clinically significant alteration, neither in microorganism counts nor in enamel microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christos Rahiotis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.G.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
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Nonthermal Plasma Effects on Fungi: Applications, Fungal Responses, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911592. [PMID: 36232892 PMCID: PMC9569944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The kingdom of Fungi is rich in species that live in various environments and exhibit different lifestyles. Many are beneficial and indispensable for the environment and industries, but some can threaten plants, animals, and humans as pathogens. Various strategies have been applied to eliminate fungal pathogens by relying on chemical and nonchemical antifungal agents and tools. Nonthermal plasma (NTP) is a potential tool to inactivate pathogenic and food-contaminating fungi and genetically improve fungal strains used in industry as enzyme and metabolite producers. The NTP mode of action is due to many highly reactive species and their interactions with biological molecules. The interaction of the NTP with living cells is believed to be synergistic yet not well understood. This review aims to summarize the current NTP designs, applications, and challenges that involve fungi, as well as provide brief descriptions of underlying mechanisms employed by fungi in interactions with the NTP components.
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Effect of Over-The-Counter Tooth-Whitening Products on Enamel Surface Roughness and Microhardness. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of new over-the-counter tooth-whitening products on enamel surface roughness and microhardness. Methods: A total of 120 enamel specimens were prepared and randomly allocated into six groups. Group A was treated with 10% carbamide peroxide; Group B was immersed in distilled water; Group C was treated with hydrated silica, sodium hexametaphosphate toothpaste; Group D was treated with sodium bicarbonate; Group E was treated with 0.25% citric acid; and Group F was treated with hydrated silica, charcoal powder. Results: A, B, and D demonstrated decreased Ra, whereas Groups C, E, and F showed an increased Ra after whitening. The changes in Ra from T0 to T1 in each group was statistically significant (p < 0.001) except for Group B (p = 0.85). The groups showed decreased KHN after whitening, except for specimens in Group B (distilled water). The KHN from T0 to T1 decreased significantly for groups A, C, E, and F (p = 0.001). Significant difference was observed at T1 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it could be demonstrated that surface roughness and enamel microhardness changes were influenced by the type, composition, and exposure time of the whitening product.
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Nam SH, Choi BBR, Kim GC. The Whitening Effect and Histological Safety of Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Inducing Tooth Bleaching. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094714. [PMID: 33925192 PMCID: PMC8124203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various light sources have been applied to enhance the bleaching effect. This study was to identify the histological evaluation in oral soft tissues, as well as tooth color change after tooth bleaching by nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NAPP). Nine New Zealand adult female rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n = 3): group 1 received no treatment; group 2 was treated with NAPP and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP), which contains 5.4% H2O2, and group 3 was treated with 15% CP without NAPP. Color change (ΔE) was measured using the Shade Eye NCC colorimeter. Animals were euthanized one day later to analyze the histological responses occurring in oral soft tissues, including pulp, gingiva, tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard and soft palates. Changes in all samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome. Teeth treated with plasma showed higher ΔE than that obtained with bleaching agents alone. Overall, the histological characteristics observed no appreciable changes. The combinational treatment of plasma had not indicated inflammatory responses as well as thermal damages. NAPP did not cause histological damage in oral soft tissues during tooth bleaching. We suggest that NAPP could be a novel alternative energy source to conventional light sources for tooth bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoul-Hee Nam
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Korea;
| | | | - Gyoo-Cheon Kim
- Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Korea;
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8243; Fax: +82-51-510-8241
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Olmedo DERP, Kury M, Resende BA, Cavalli V. Use of antioxidants to restore bond strength after tooth bleaching with peroxides. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12773. [PMID: 33724583 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review compiles the literature on the antioxidants used after tooth bleaching with either low or high-concentrated carbamide and hydrogen peroxide to recover the bond strength. Antioxidants used in bleached teeth are mainly natural and non-enzymatic, except for catalase. Commonly, antioxidants are applied to remove any reactive oxygen species (ROS) residues left from bleaching gels, which adversely affect adhesive procedures, such as restorations or orthodontic brackets bonding. Even though sodium ascorbate, the most thoroughly investigated antioxidant, showed the most efficient bond strength recovery at 10% concentration, its performance depends on the type of solution and the application time. Natural extracts, such as proanthocyanidins and green tea, showed satisfactory results in the reversal of bond strength at 5% and 10% concentrations, respectively. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate, α-tocopherol, and catalase exhibited promising results, but further research is required. The adhesive system type plays an important role in the outcome of enamel bond strength after the antioxidant application. The postponement of either restorations or orthodontic brackets cementation following bleaching procedures seems to be efficiently replaced by antioxidant application prior to bonding procedures. However, the efficacy of using an antioxidant to recover bond strength depends on its type and application time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas E R P Olmedo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna A Resende
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Goyal K, Saha S, Bhardwaj A, Saha M, Bhapkar K, Paradkar S. A comparative evaluation of the effect of three different concentrations of in-office bleaching agents on microhardness and surface roughness of enamel – An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.318944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kammoun R, Zmantar T, Ghoul S. Scanning electron microscopy approach to observe bacterial adhesion to dental surfaces. MethodsX 2020; 7:101107. [PMID: 33134101 PMCID: PMC7586140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion on dental surfaces depends on the bacterial strain used. The magnification used for observation with a scanning electron microscope depends on the size of the bacteria to be observed. The quality of dental tissues is determinant in the process of bacterial adhesion.
AIM To describe the in vitro bacterial adhesion protocol of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei on dental surfaces for a qualitative approach by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. A control and Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) affected teeth were used to validate the protocol. METHOD DETAILS Eight teeth were collected and fixed in 10% formalin during 10 days. Crowns were fragmented into 4 parts and kept in the freshly prepared artificial saliva. For the preparation of bacterial suspensions, bacterial strains (S. mutans and L. casei) were incubated in a freshly prepared culture medium. After two successive cultures at 37 °C and 3 rinces, bacterial suspensions were prepared in artificial saliva and adjusted to correspond to 108 CFU ml−1. Bacterial adhesion was carried out by sedimentation. Dental fragments were immersed in bacterial suspensions and rinsed with PBS to remove non adherent bacteria. Adherent bacteria were fixed with glutaraldehyde. Finally, teeth samples were dehydrated, coated, dried and observed using high-resolution SEM (JEOL, JSM-5400). RESULTS SEM observations showed adherence of spheric stuctures, identified as S. mutans and bacilic structures identified as L. casei. CONCLUSION Adhesion of bacteria could be observed by SEM and depends on the quality of dental mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Kammoun
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Dento-Facial, Clinical and Biological Approach (ABCDF), Tunisia
| | - Tarek Zmantar
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Avicenna avenue, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ghoul
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Dento-Facial, Clinical and Biological Approach (ABCDF), Tunisia
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Changes in enamel after bleaching pre-treatment with non-thermal atmospheric plasma. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2020.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kury M, Moura Antonialli F, S. Soares LE, Pereira Machado Tabchoury C, Giannini M, Esteban Florez FL, Cavalli V. Effects of violet radiation and nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the mineral contents of enamel during in-office dental bleaching. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Antimicrobial Activity and the Effect of Green Tea Experimental Gels on Teeth Surfaces. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among esthetic procedures, teeth whitening is a common and often used treatment for patients who seek good teeth appearance. We developed an experimental green tea extract and an experimental green tea gel for enamel restoring treatment after bleaching. We also tested the antibacterial and antifungal effect of the experimental extract against specific endodontic and cariogenic microorganisms. The green tea extract antibacterial action was determined by the disk-diffusion method using Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC27337), Corynebacterium xerosis (ATCC 373), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) strains. Enamel microstructure was investigated by SEM analysis, and surface details were revealed by AFM. The inhibition zones around the wells showed evident antimicrobial activity of the experimental extract. In the presence of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), the extract showed no antifungal activity. The enamel’s surface roughness and hydroxyapatite prism aspects were the parameters followed throughout the study. The experimental green tea extract is efficient against some microorganisms commonly found in the oral cavity. However, the studied extract had no antifungal effect. The results show that after bleaching with the experimental gel, we obtained the best surface parameters, similar to healthy enamel.
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Pratiwi D, Anggakusuma K, Widyarman A. The effect of carbamide peroxide on surface enamel structural changes and streptococcus mutans attachment. SCIENTIFIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/sdj.sdj_29_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lee HG, Choi JH, Jang YS, Kim UK, Kim GC, Hwang DS. Non-thermal plasma accelerates the healing process of peripheral nerve crush injury in rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1112-1120. [PMID: 32410841 PMCID: PMC7211154 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the healing process of peripheral nerve crush injuries, which can occur during dental implant procedures. For this, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI) was adopted. The rats were divided into three groups: non-nerve damage (non-ND), nerve damage (ND), and ND+NTP group. To evaluate the sciatic nerve (SN) function, the static sciatic index was calculated, and the muscle and SN tissues were subjected to a histologic analysis. The results showed that NTP effectively accelerated the healing process of SNCI in rats. In contrast to the ND group, which showed approximately 60% recovery in the SN function, the NTP-treated rats showed complete recovery. Histologically, the NTP treatments not only accelerated the muscle healing, but also reduced the edema-like phenotype of the damaged SN tissues. In the ND group, the SN tissues had an accumulation of CD68-positive macrophages, partially destroyed axonal fibers and myelinated Schwann cells. Conversely, in the ND+NTP group, the macrophage accumulation was reduced and an overall regeneration of the damaged axon fibers and the myelin sheath was accomplished. The results of this study indicate that NTP can be used for healing of injured peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University
| | - Jeong-Hae Choi
- Department of Research and Development Center, FEAGLE Corporation, Yangsan, South Korea.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seo Jang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University
| | - Uk-Kyu Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University
| | - Gyoo-Cheon Kim
- Department of Research and Development Center, FEAGLE Corporation, Yangsan, South Korea.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dae-Seok Hwang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University
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Kury M, Perches C, Silva DP, André CB, Tabchoury CPM, Giannini M, Cavalli V. Color change, diffusion of hydrogen peroxide, and enamel morphology after in‐office bleaching with violet light or nonthermal atmospheric plasma: An in vitro study. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:102-112. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina Perches
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Daylana P. Silva
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolina B. André
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Restorative DentistryFederal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Cínthia P. M. Tabchoury
- Department of Physiological SciencesPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Department of Restorative DentistryPiracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Piracicaba São Paulo Brazil
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Šimončicová J, Kryštofová S, Medvecká V, Ďurišová K, Kaliňáková B. Technical applications of plasma treatments: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5117-5129. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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