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Hariprasad R, Joy B, Kuriakose F, Sudhakar AS, Soumya TS, Pathrose SP. Electrochemical dissolution and retrieval of broken NiTi endodontic files from root canal using chloride based isotonic fluids as electrolytes - An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1539-S1543. [PMID: 38882790 PMCID: PMC11174267 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1225_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The electrochemical dissolution method of instrument retrieval emphasizes on the dissolution of the instrument rather than sacrificing dentine. Most of the studies conducted for electrochemical dissolution used fluoride-containing electrolytes and were performed inside a beaker. In this study, we used chloride-based fluids as electrolytes. Materials and Methods Fifty extracted mandibular first premolars were divided into five groups based on the electrolytes used. Canals were enlarged to ProTaper Universal F2, and files were intentionally broken inside the canal. These specimens were subjected to electrochemical characterization by applying the potential of 9V for 20 min. Optical images were taken to assess the change in surface topography. The results were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Results The rate of dissolution based on the electrolyte used decreased in the following order, viz. Tyrode's solution>artificial saliva>normal saline>Ringer's lactate/physiological serum. Conclusion Apart from fluoride, chloride-based electrolytes could be an efficient alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hariprasad
- Consultant Endodontist and Restorative Dentist, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Karunya Multispeciality Dental Clinic, Pulincunnoo, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Basil Joy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences, Ernakulam District, Kerala, India
| | - Feby Kuriakose
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences, Ernakulam District, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy S Sudhakar
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Azeezia College of Dental Science and Research, Affiliated to KUHS (Kerala University of Health Sciences), Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - T S Soumya
- Department of Endodontics, Soumya's Dental Speciality Centre, Peeceeyen Complex, Parasaran, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sonia P Pathrose
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences, Ernakulam District, Kerala, India
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ORMIGA F, AMARAL CCF, VIEIRA FM, RISSO PDA, SILVA ABD, ALMEIDA M, SENA R, FERES-FILHO EJ, GRANJEIRO JM, GOMES JADCP. Ionic concentration in periradicular medium after dissolution of endodontic file fragments: an in vitro study. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Amaral CCF, Ormiga F, Araújo OMO, Lopes RT, Gomes JACP. Electrochemical dissolution of nickel-titanium instrument fragments in root canals of extracted human maxillary molars using a small reservoir of electrolyte. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1559-1568. [PMID: 32767773 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the viability of the electrochemical dissolution of fragments of fractured NiTi instruments in root canals of extracted human maxillary molars, using two electrodes and the solution restricted to a small reservoir coupled to the pulp chamber. The primary hypothesis was that this method enables the reduction of fragment volume and re-establishment of the root canal path with a size 08 K-file, both in simulated canals and in extracted human maxillary molars. METHODOLOGY Fragments of F1 ProTaper instruments were polarized in simulated root canals and in distobuccal root canals of extracted maxillary molars using a new method, with the solution restricted to a small acrylic microcell coupled to each resin block or pulp chamber. Two electrodes were used, where one was kept in contact with the intracanal fragment and another was positioned in the solution present in the acrylic microcell. After the tests, a size 08 K-file was used passively to verify the possibility of bypassing the fragment, which was also confirmed by radiographic analysis. Micro-CT analysis of the teeth was used before and after fragment dissolution to evaluate the volume, length and porosity of the fragments. The D'Agostino-Pearson normality test was used to verify the distribution of the data. A paired t-test (P < 0.05) was used to compare the volume, length and porosity of the fragments before and after the dissolution tests. RESULTS After dissolution, all fragments could be bypassed with a size 08 K-file in both simulated canals and in extracted teeth. The dissolution process did not result in significant reduction of neither the fragment length nor the fragment porosity. However, it resulted in a significant reduction of fragment volume (paired t-test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The electrochemical dissolution of fragments of NiTi files in root canals of extracted human maxillary molars using two electrodes, and the solution restricted to a small reservoir coupled to the pulp chamber resulted in a significant reduction of fragment volume. The re-establishment of the root canal path with the passive insertion of size 08 K-files was possible in all samples after the tests, both in simulated canals and in extracted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C F Amaral
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Ormiga
- Department of Dental Clinic, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - O M O Araújo
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R T Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J A C P Gomes
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bosaid F, Aksel H, Makowka S, Azim AA. Surface and structural changes in root dentine by various chelating solutions used in regenerative endodontics. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1438-1445. [PMID: 32619296 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of the prolonged use of various irrigant solutions used during regenerative endodontic procedures on the physical and chemical structure of root canal dentine in extracted human teeth. METHODOLOGY Sixtyroot dentine samples from extracted, single-rooted, human teeth were assigned to 10 groups. Eight groups were irrigated with 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min, followed by 3%, 10%, 17% EDTA or 10% citric acid (CA) for 5 or 10 min. One group received only NaOCl irrigation, and samples with only distilled water irrigation were used as a control group. The changes in microhardness and flexural strength were determined using Vickers and 3-point flexural tester, respectively. Molecular and elemental compositions were recorded using FTIR and EDS spectroscopy. Data were analysed using one-way anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS The application of 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min did not affect the mineral content or microhardness of dentine (P > 0.05). However, it significantly decreased the dentine collagen peak values (P < 0.05), which was similar to the control group after the use of chelating agents (EDTA and 10% of CA) (P > 0.05). The effect of EDTA on the inorganic content was not concentration and time dependent (P > 0.05). CA resulted in a significantly greater reduction in the inorganic contents compared with the control and EDTA groups (P < 0.05). Regardless of the time, EDTA and CA significantly decreased dentine microhardness compared to the control (P < 0.05) with the greatest reduction in the CA groups (P < 0.05). NaOCl alone was associated with the lowest flexural strength, while none of the other irrigation regimens significantly decreased the flexural strength compared to the control group (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Use of 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min decreased the collagen content of samples of human dentine from extracted teeth while EDTA and 10% citric acid mostly affected the inorganic content and microhardness of dentine surfaces. None of the irrigant solutions significantly decreased the mechanical properties of the entire dentine specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bosaid
- Division of Endodontics, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H Aksel
- Division of Endodontics, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Makowka
- Dental Materials Research Laboratory, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A A Azim
- Division of Endodontics, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Cassol LG, Kowalczuck A, Carneiro E, Westphalen VPD, Laurindo CAH, da Silva Neto UX. Evaluation of fluoride and sodium hypochlorite solutions during the electrochemical dissolution of conventional NiTi instruments and Gold thermomechanically treated NiTi instruments. Int Endod J 2019; 53:513-518. [PMID: 31691303 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the dissolution time of two solutions, a fluoride solution and a sodium hypochlorite solution, both saturated with sodium chloride, during the electrochemical dissolution of instruments consisting of conventional nickel-titanium alloy and Gold thermomechanically treated nickel-titanium alloy. METHODOLOGY Two solutions, an NaF solution consisting of 12 g L-1 NaF with 180 g L-1 NaCl and an NaOCl solution consisting of 2.5% NaOCl with 180 g L-1 NaCl, were evaluated in a polarization test of a sample of 48 ProTaper Universal F1 (PTU F1) and WaveOne Gold Small (WOGS) instruments. The electric potentials were 0.5 V and 5 V for the NaF and NaOCl solutions, respectively. The electrochemical cell consisted of three electrodes for the polarization test of the PTU F1 and WOGS instruments, which had 6 mm of the tip immersed in the test solutions. The electric current was recorded for 540 s. If complete dissolution of the immersed tip occurred in less than the expected time, the experiment was considered complete. The time variations (in seconds) of the instruments in the solutions were measured. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. The corrosion patterns of the instruments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The NaF and NaOCl solutions were associated with significantly different (P = 0.000) dissolution times of the instrument, with mean values of 12.96 s and 83.63 s, respectively. There was no significant difference (P = 0.649) in dissolution time between the PTU F1 and WOGS instruments. CONCLUSIONS NaF and NaOCl solutions were able to electrochemically dissolve PTU F1 and WOGS instruments. However, the NaF solution achieved dissolution in significantly less time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Cassol
- Department of Endodontics, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A Kowalczuck
- Department of Endodontics, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - E Carneiro
- Department of Endodontics, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - V P D Westphalen
- Department of Endodontics, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - C A H Laurindo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - U X da Silva Neto
- Department of Endodontics, School of Life Sciences, Curitiba, Brazil
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Kowalczuck A, Borges MM, Kruger H, Piasecki L, da Silva Neto UX, Westphalen VPD, Laurindo CAH, Carneiro E. Microscopic evaluation of the dentinal walls of extracted human teeth following electrochemical dissolution of fragmented nickel-titanium instruments. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1529-1534. [PMID: 31184801 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical dissolution is a method in which fluoridated solution in direct contact with the fractured instrument receives an electrical current that speeds up fragment dissolution. The aim of this study was to assess the integrity of dentinal walls during the electrochemical dissolution of fractured rotary endodontic instruments in extracted human teeth. Forty-five human mandibular incisors subjected to the electrochemical dissolution process using fluoride solution with low NaCl concentration (LC group: NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 1 g/L, pH = 5.0), fluoride solution with saturating NaCl concentration (SC group: NaF 12 g/L + NaCl 180 g/L, pH = 5.0) and distilled water (control group) were evaluated. For each group, 15 incisors were submitted for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation. The roots were sectioned longitudinally; each hemisection was analyzed (n = 30), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed. The amount of dentinal tubule openings was analyzed by SEM. Statistical analyses were performed. The test solutions did not alter the amount of dentinal tubule openings when compared with the control group. No Ni or Ti was impregnated into the dentinal tubules after electrochemical techniques. The dentinal structure remained unchanged following the electrochemical dissolution method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Kowalczuck
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical University Catholic of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Murilo M Borges
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical University Catholic of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Helington Kruger
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical University Catholic of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, University at Buffalo, EUA, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Vânia P D Westphalen
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical University Catholic of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos A H Laurindo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifical University Catholic of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Everdan Carneiro
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical University Catholic of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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