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Chan WS, Gulati K, Peters OA. Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:91-111. [PMID: 36203965 PMCID: PMC9520078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy has been extensively researched in endodontics, particularly in cleaning and shaping the root canal system. Research advances have primarily focused on the design, shape, and geometry of the NiTi files as well as metallurgy and mechanical properties. So far, extensive investigations have been made surrounding surface and thermomechanical treatments, however, limited work has been done in the realm of surface functionalization to augment its performance in endodontics. This review summarizes the unique characteristics, current use, and latest developments in thermomechanically treated NiTi endodontic files. It discusses recent improvements in nano-engineering and the possibility of customizing the NiTi file surface for added functionalization. Whilst clinical translation of this technology has yet to be fully realized, future research direction will lie in the use of nanotechnology. Nitinol (Nickel Titanium alloy) is widely used to clean/shape root canal system in endodontics. To enhance its performance, various thermo-mechanical and nano-engineering modifications have been performed. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advances and future trends relating to functionalized NiTi endodontic files.
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Chien PYH, Martins JNR, Walsh LJ, Peters OA. Mechanical and Metallurgical Characterization of Nickel-Titanium Wire Types for Rotary Endodontic Instrument Manufacture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8367. [PMID: 36499875 PMCID: PMC9737817 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of ambient temperature and post-manufacture heat-treatment on the mechanical behavior of nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires. Four types of commercial NiTi variants (Stock NiTi, heat treated "Blue", "Gold", "Superflex", all Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were stressed in a tensile testing machine in a temperature-controlled water bath at three different temperatures. Stress and strain values were extrapolated from the raw data, and 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons were performed to compare the differences of the mechanical constants. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests established the martensitic transformation starting (Ms), finishing (Mf) and austenitic (reverse-martensitic) starting (As) and finishing (Af) points. Austenitic modulus of elasticity and transformation stress values increased with temperature for all NiTi groups. The martensitic modulus of elasticity, maximum transformation strain and ultimate tensile stress were not significantly affected by temperature changes. Stock NiTi and Gold wire samples presented with clearly delineated austenitic and martensitic transformations in the DSC experiments. Differences in manufacturing/heat treatment conditions and ambient temperature affect the mechanical behavior of nickel-titanium and may have clinical implications. Further improvements to the experimental setup could be considered to provide more accurate measurements of strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Y-H. Chien
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jorge N. R. Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laurence J. Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ove A. Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
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What meaningful information are the instruments mechanical testing giving us? A comprehensive review. J Endod 2022; 48:985-1004. [PMID: 35667567 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Instruments mechanical strength and flexibility are traditionally tested by running cyclic fatigue, torsional, bending, buckling and microhardness tests. Several cyclic fatigue test models have been used in endodontics, all capable of providing a curved trajectory for the instrument to rotate. The cyclic fatigue testing allowed to identify conditions that may affect the fatigue strength outcomes, such as canal radius and degree of curvature, handpiece static vs dynamic motions, test temperature, kinematics, instrument previously wear and sterilization cycles, or instrument's size and metal alloy features. Due to the international test specifications for both torsional and bending tests, the variations of their models are not as many as for cyclic fatigue. These tests have also identified conditions capable of affecting the outcomes, such as kinematics, instrument's preloading, cross-sectional diameters, or alloy heat treatments. Buckling and microhardness are less common, with the metal alloy being considered to have a major influence on the results. Instruments mechanical testing, having all these individual conditions as independent variables, allowed to understand them and moulded the way the technical procedures are performed clinically. Even though the artificiality and simplicity of these tests will hardly mimic real working situations, and independently of being capable of producing cornerstone knowledge, these tests are also associated with inconsistency, lack of reproducibility and low external validity. Several attempts have been made to increase the generalizability of the outcomes by adding test settings that intend to mimic the clinical condition. Although pertinent, these settings may also add variabilities inherent to their concepts and practical applications in the laboratory environment. Although the actual studies should be seen as laboratory mechanical tests that measure very specific parameters under very particular conditions and that by far do not mimic the clinical condition, the lower validity drawback seems to be possible to be minimized when achieving a comprehensive understanding of the instrument behaviour. A Finite Elements Method and/or a multimethod research approach may lead to superior data collection, analysis, and results' interpretation, which when associated with a reliable confounding factors control and proper study designs may be helpful tools and strategies in order to increase the reliability of the outcomes.
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Seracchiani M, Reda R, Zanza A, D'Angelo M, Russo P, Luca T. Mechanical performance and Metallurgical Characteristic of Five Different Single-File Reciprocating Instruments: a Comparative in Vitro and Laboratory Study. J Endod 2022; 48:1073-1080. [PMID: 35667568 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since there are no data regarding an instrument recently introduced on the market (OneRECI), the aim of the study was to assess its mechanical and metallurgical properties comparing them with those of widespread reciprocating instruments such as Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, EdgeOne Fire and WaveOne Gold. METHODS A total of 65 NiTi files from five different reciprocating systems (OneRECI, Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, EdgeOne Fire and WaveOne Gold) were evaluated throughout a combined mechanical and metallurgical method. Mechanical performances of the selected file were examined subjecting each specimen to cyclic fatigue, torsional and bending resistance tests, whilst their metallurgical properties were assessed analyzing the nickel-titanium alloy composition and the phase transformation temperatures respectively through an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's was performed with significance level set to a 95% confidence level. RESULTS The EDX showed a similar alloy composition for all of the tested files, with nickel percentage of about 52-53% and a corresponding percentage of titanium of 47-48%, whilst the DSC analysis, although evidenced martensitic characteristics for all files, showed differences in terms of phase transformation temperatures. Overall, OneRECI showed the best mechanical performances in terms of cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance (respectively of 32.95 ± 2.33 s and 0.76 ± 0.03 Ncm) and flexibility (48.4 ± 4.1 g), with statistically significant differences for all tests (p<0.05). Reciproc files showed the worst flexibility and cyclic fatigue resistance, respectively of 157.2 ± 8.3 g and 9.27 ± 1.18 s, whilst the EdgeOne Fire showed the lowest torsional resistance (0.39 ± 0.12 Ncm), whit statistically significant differences (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this study, the recently introduced file OneRECI showed the best mechanical performance in comparison to the tested instruments, with an equiatomic composition of the NiTi alloy and a martensitic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Seracchiani
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Reda
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Zanza
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurilio D'Angelo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, Environment Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Testarelli Luca
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Arias A, Peters OA. Present Status and Future Directions - Canal Shaping. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:637-655. [PMID: 35118683 PMCID: PMC9303733 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review will focus on the evolution, present and future of engine‐driven root canal preparation. Root canal preparation changed drastically when Walia in 1988 introduced the use of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) alloys in Endodontics. In 2013, five generations of NiTi endodontic instruments had been established based on their metallurgical, mechanical properties and design features. Since then, manufacturers have been introducing further major changes in instrument design and characteristics that have not been translated in new recognized generations of instruments. In general, those changes have demonstrated enhanced instrument properties, but it is not clear yet if all those improvements are directly translated to an improvement in clinical success. This narrative review attempts to address the present status of engine‐driven instruments in terms of both evidence from laboratory‐based studies and clinical data, to identify potential further generations of instruments, and last to anticipate future directions for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - O A Peters
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Martins JNR, Silva EJNL, Marques D, Belladonna FG, Simões-Carvalho M, da Costa RP, Ginjeira A, Braz Fernandes FM, Versiani MA. Comparison of five rotary systems regarding design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and canal preparation-a multimethod research. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3299-3310. [PMID: 34860307 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and canal preparation of 5 rotary systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 735 25-mm NiTi instruments (sizes 0.17[0.18]/.02v, 0.20/.04v, 0.20/.07v, 0.25/.08v, 0.30/.09v) from ProTaper Gold, ProTaper Universal, Premium Taper Gold, Go-Taper Flex, and U-File systems were compared regarding overall geometry and surface finishing (stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy), nickel and titanium ratio (energy-dispersive spectroscopy), phase transformation temperatures (differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical performance (torsional and bending tests), and unprepared canal surface (micro-CT). One-way ANOVA and Mood's median tests were used for statistical comparisons with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS Stereomicroscopic analysis showed more spirals and high helical angles in the Premium Taper Gold system. All sets of instruments had symmetrical spirals, no radial lands, no major defects, and an almost equiatomic ratio between nickel and titanium elements, while differences were observed in their tips' geometry and surface finishing. At room temperature (20 °C), DSC test revealed martensitic characteristics for ProTaper Gold and Go-Taper Flex, and mixed austenite plus R-phase for the Premium Taper Gold, while ProTaper Universal and U-Files had full austenitic characteristics. Overall, larger instruments had higher torque resistance and bending load values than smaller ones, while a lack of consistency and mixed values were observed in the angle of rotation. The 0.25/.08v and 0.30/.09v instruments of ProTaper Universal and U-File had the highest maximum torques, the lowest angles of rotation, and the highest bending loads than other tested systems (P < .05). No significant difference was noted regarding the untouched root canal walls after preparation with the tested systems (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Although differences observed in the overall geometry and phase transformation temperatures have influenced the results of mechanical tests, unprepared canal surface areas were equivalent among systems. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Root canal preparation systems with similar geometries might present different mechanical behaviors but equivalent shaping ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge N R Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Cidade Universitária, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Grupo de Investigação Em Bioquimica E Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação Em Ciências Orais E Biomédicas (UICOB), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada Na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Duarte Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Cidade Universitária, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação Em Bioquimica E Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação Em Ciências Orais E Biomédicas (UICOB), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada Na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Marco Simões-Carvalho
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rui Pereira da Costa
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Cidade Universitária, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Ginjeira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Cidade Universitária, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação Em Bioquimica E Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação Em Ciências Orais E Biomédicas (UICOB), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marco Aurélio Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Deniz N, Orhan EO. Development of a multi-criteria decision-making-based assessment model for dental material selection: Engine-driven nickel-titanium instruments case study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:2645-2659. [PMID: 34750681 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are (i) to propose specific selection criteria related to NiTi instruments for dental practitioners and (ii) to objectively assess the NiTi instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The steps of the methodology are as follows: Step 1: "Delphi method" was employed to reach a consensus on criteria defined according to the literature review and a group of panelists. Step 2: "Smart pairwise comparisons" were employed to rank the proposed criteria. Step 3: "Borda voting" was employed to determine the weights of the proposed criteria. Step 4: To determine assessment scores, "Simple Additive Weighting" was employed. Step 5: Reliability and validity checks were made by "simulation." RESULTS Specific criteria classified under dimensions were proposed and weighted for the NiTi instrument assessment. In this context, an assessment model was proposed and validated. CONCLUSIONS The proposed assessment model for NiTi instruments could aid to make the decision-making process as systematic, transparent, and reproducible as possible not only for dental practitioners but also for healthcare professionals. Also, this proposed model can represent a reference framework for further MCDM studies which can rank or classify materials in medical science. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The model proposed in this study can be used to aid decision-making in clinical practice by means assessing the NiTi instrumentation system alternatives for practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Deniz
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Ekim Onur Orhan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Peters OA, Chien PYH, Armitt K, Macorra JC, Arias A. Testing Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments: A Validation Study for a Minimum Quality Criterion in a Standardized Environment. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.744809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary endodontic instruments has been extensively studied in the last two decades, yet with no standardization. While new low-cost instruments are now manufactured, a standard is lacking to guarantee a minimum quality. This study aimed to validate a new model for CF testing through a fixture proposed for ISO Specification 3630-1 and to establish a minimum quality standard based on testing conditions and material characteristics.Materials and methods: Size 25/0.06 instruments of ProFile Vortex (PF) and Vortex Blue (VB) were run until failure in curved metallic fixtures (5 or 7.5 mm radius) built according to a proposal for an additional test for the ISO 3630-1 standard. High resolution videos were recorded, number of cycles to failure (NCF) registered and apical fragments measured with a digital caliper. Surface strain was determined from test dimensions and fragment lengths. Mean life, β and η parameters were calculated with Weibull analysis. NCF data were compared using student's t-tests and referenced to a minimum required cycles at fracture (Cmin) based on austenite finish temperatures, testing temperature and deformation.Results: VB instruments were statistically more resistant than PF in both 7.5 mm radius curve (p = 0.001) and 5 mm radius curve (p = 0.002) simulated canals. Weibull probability plots showed higher mean life for VB than PV. NCF for both instruments were higher than Cmin.Conclusions: The NCF results in this study support the findings of previous studies where VB and PF were compared. The novel test design appears a suitable addition to ISO 3630-1.
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Martins JNR, Silva EJNL, Marques D, Pereira MR, Arantes-Oliveira S, Martins RF, Braz Fernandes FM, Versiani MA. Evaluation of Design, Metallurgy, Microhardness, and Mechanical Properties of Glide Path Instruments: A Multimethod Approach. J Endod 2021; 47:1917-1923. [PMID: 34537227 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to compare the design, metallurgy, microhardness, and mechanical properties of 3 glide path nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments. METHODS A total of 132 ProGlider (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Edge Glide Path (EdgeEndo, Johnson City, TN), and R-Pilot instruments (VDW, Munich, Germany) (44 per group) were selected. Design was assessed through stereomicroscopy (blades, helical angle, measuring lines, and deformation) and scanning electron microscopy (symmetry, cross section, tip, and surface finishing). NiTi ratios were measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and phase transformation temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry. Microhardness and mechanical performance (torsion, bending, and buckling resistance tests) were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with the Mood median test with a significance set at 5%. RESULTS The Edge Glide Path had the lowest number of blades and the R-Pilot the greatest helical angle. All instruments had an almost equiatomic NiTi ratio, while showing different cross sections and tip geometries. The Edge Glide Path had a smoother surface finishing. The R-Pilot showed martensitic characteristics at room temperature, whereas mixed austenite plus R-phase was observed in the other instruments. The R-Pilot had higher results on the microhardness (436.8 hardness Vickers number), maximum torsion (0.9 Ncm), and buckling load (0.7 N) tests (P < .05), whereas the Edge Glide Path had a superior angle of rotation (683.5°) and the ProGlider was more flexible (144.1 gf) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Differences in the design of the instruments and the phase transformation temperatures accounted for their mechanical behavior. The R-Pilot showed the highest torque, buckling, and microhardness, whereas the ProGlider instrument was the most flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge N R Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência, Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Duarte Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência, Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Rito Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Arantes-Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui F Martins
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Albaladejo Martínez A, Falcão Costa C, Quispe-López N, Agustín-Panadero R, Mena-Álvarez J. Influence of the type of reciprocating motion on the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating files in a dynamic model. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:179. [PMID: 33827530 PMCID: PMC8028824 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the influence of two novel reciprocating movements on the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic reciprocating files.
Methods 30 Procodile® (Komet Medical, Lemgo, Germany) files were selected in this study and distributed according to the following study groups depending on the movements to be performed: ReFlex Dynamic (n = 10), ReFlex Smart (n = 10) and Reciproc (n = 10) reciprocating movement. These files were fixed to a specific dynamic cyclic fatigue device designed and manufactured by 3D impression to simulate the pecking motion performed by the operator. The time to failure and the number of cycles of in-and-out of the endodontic files was registered. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Weibull statistics. Results Statistically significant differences were found when the number of cycles of in-and-out movement and the time to failure of ReFlex Dynamic and Reciproc reciprocating movement (p < 0.001) and between ReFlex Smart and Reciproc reciprocating movement (p < 0.001) were compared in pairs. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between time to failure and number of cycles of in-and-out movement of ReFlex Dynamic and ReFlex Smart reciprocating movement (p = 0.253). Conclusions The ReFlex Smart reciprocating movement increased the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic reciprocating files compared with traditional reciprocating movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Falcão Costa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4150-518, Porto, Portugal
| | - Norberto Quispe-López
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Agustín-Panadero
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Mena-Álvarez
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Albarracin 35, 28037, Madrid, Spain.
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Weissheimer T, Heck L, Calefi PHS, Alcalde MP, Rosa RA, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, Só MVR. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of different nickel–titanium retreatment instruments. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:265-272. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoro Weissheimer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Luana Heck
- Department of Conservative Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Souza Calefi
- Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Abreu Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
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Mechanical Tests, Metallurgical Characterization, and Shaping Ability of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments: A Multimethod Research. J Endod 2020; 46:1485-1494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Deari S, Zehnder M, Al-Jadaa A. Effect of dentine cutting efficiency on the lateral force created by torque-controlled rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1153-1161. [PMID: 32358847 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the impact of dentine cutting efficiency of rotary instruments on the lateral force they create when instrumenting simulated root canals in bovine dentine. METHODOLOGY Lateral cutting efficiency of austenitic files (ProTaper Universal) was compared to that of counterparts of a reported identical geometrical design with a martensite phase component (ProTaper Gold) in bovine dentine disks (n = 6). Instrument shapes were studied using digital microscopy. The intracanal lateral force exerted by the two systems in simulated premolars (n = 9) made from bovine incisor roots containing a standardized narrow root canal of 16 mm length was monitored using a testing apparatus equipped with a torque-controlled endodontic motor/handpiece. Data were compared using parametric statistics, alpha error = 0.05. RESULTS The geometrical design of the two systems under investigation was found to be identical. The martensitic nickel-titanium rotary files had a significantly (t-test, P < 0.05) higher lateral cutting efficiency than austenitic counterparts. This difference, however, did not impact the lateral force that was created when instrumenting simulated premolar root canals. Furthermore, lateral force peaks were generated with the progressively tapered instruments under investigation towards the full working length. Even though a glide path was prepared, the first instrument in the full-length sequence (S1) created the highest lateral force (anova/Tukey's HSD, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current experimental set-up allows the study of the lateral force generated during root canal instrumentation. This force was not influenced by the dentine cutting efficiency of the instruments under investigation, but rather by their geometrical design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deari
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Endodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Zehnder
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Endodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Al-Jadaa
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Endodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Martins JN, Nogueira Leal Silva EJ, Marques D, Ginjeira A, Braz Fernandes FM, De Deus G, Versiani MA. Influence of Kinematics on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Replicalike and Original Brand Rotary Instruments. J Endod 2020; 46:1136-1143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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