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Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
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Wang H, Chen X, Zhang L, Han Z, Zheng J, Qi Y, Zhao W, Xu X, Li T, Zhou Y, Bao P, Xue X. Dual-Fuel Propelled Nanomotors with Two-Stage Permeation for Deep Bacterial Infection in the Treatment of Pulpitis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305063. [PMID: 38044274 PMCID: PMC10837366 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection-induced inflammatory response could cause irreversible death of pulp tissue in the absence of timely and effective therapy. Given that, the narrow structure of root canal limits the therapeutic effects of passive diffusion-drugs, considerable attention has been drawn to the development of nanomotors, which have high tissue penetration abilities but generally face the problem of insufficient fuel concentration. To address this drawback, dual-fuel propelled nanomotors (DPNMs) by encapsulating L-arginine (L-Arg), calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) in metal-organic framework is developed. Under pathological environment, L-Arg could release nitric oxide (NO) by reacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to provide the driving force for movement. Remarkably, the depleted ROS could be supplemented through the reaction between CaO2 with acids abundant in the inflammatory microenvironment. Owing to high diffusivity, NO achieves further tissue penetration based on the first-stage propulsion of nanomotors, thereby removing deep-seated bacterial infection. Results indicate that the nanomotors effectively eliminate bacterial infection based on antibacterial activity of NO, thereby blocking inflammatory response and oxidative damage, forming reparative dentine layer to avoid further exposure and infection. Thus, this work provides a propagable strategy to overcome fuel shortage and facilitates the therapy of deep lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
- Present address:
Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative DrugsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear MedicineInstitute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function ReconstructionTianjin Stomatological HospitalThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin300041P. R. China
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function ReconstructionTianjin Stomatological HospitalThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin300041P. R. China
| | - Yilin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
| | - Weitao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
| | - Xihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
| | - Yutong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
| | - Pingping Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function ReconstructionTianjin Stomatological HospitalThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai UniversityTianjin300041P. R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyNankai UniversityHaihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan RoadTianjin300353P. R. China
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 3-therapeutic + diagnostic potential in dentistry. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:415-482. [PMID: 38546137 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of various diseases. Over 5000 publications are currently being published on this topic yearly, many of which in the dental space. This extensive review article is the first scoping review aimed at summarizing all therapeutic uses of exosomes in regenerative dentistry. A total of 944 articles were identified as using exosomes in the dental field for either their regenerative/therapeutic potential or for diagnostic purposes derived from the oral cavity. In total, 113 research articles were selected for their regenerative potential (102 in vitro, 60 in vivo, 50 studies included both). Therapeutic exosomes were most commonly derived from dental pulps, periodontal ligament cells, gingival fibroblasts, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, and the apical papilla which have all been shown to facilitate the regenerative potential of a number of tissues including bone, cementum, the periodontal ligament, nerves, aid in orthodontic tooth movement, and relieve temporomandibular joint disorders, among others. Results demonstrate that the use of exosomes led to positive outcomes in 100% of studies. In the bone field, exosomes were found to perform equally as well or better than rhBMP2 while significantly reducing inflammation. Periodontitis animal models were treated with simple gingival injections of exosomes and benefits were even observed when the exosomes were administered intravenously. Exosomes are much more stable than growth factors and were shown to be far more resistant against degradation by periodontal pathogens found routinely in a periodontitis environment. Comparative studies in the field of periodontal regeneration found better outcomes for exosomes even when compared to their native parent stem cells. In total 47 diagnostic studies revealed a role for salivary/crevicular fluid exosomes for the diagnosis of birth defects, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, gingival recession detection, gingivitis, irritable bowel syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, oral lichen planus, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal cancer detection, orthodontic root resorption, pancreatic cancer, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, Sjögren syndrome, and various systemic diseases. Hence, we characterize the exosomes as possessing "remarkable" potential, serving as a valuable tool for clinicians with significant advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Wang J, Jing J, Zhou C, Fan Y. Emerging roles of exosomes in oral diseases progression. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:4. [PMID: 38221571 PMCID: PMC10788352 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions, pronunciation, and esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients' prognosis and quality of life. The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine. Exosomes, which are characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, are secreted by virtually all types of cells. As the research continues, the complex roles of these intracellular-derived extracellular vesicles in biological processes have gradually unfolded. Exosomes have attracted attention as valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tools for their ability to transfer abundant biological cargos and their intricate involvement in multiple cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent applications of exosomes within the field of oral diseases, focusing on inflammation-related bone diseases and oral squamous cell carcinomas. We characterize the exosome alterations and demonstrate their potential applications as biomarkers for early diagnosis, highlighting their roles as indicators in multiple oral diseases. We also summarize the promising applications of exosomes in targeted therapy and proposed future directions for the use of exosomes in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zou J, Xia H, Jiang Q, Su Z, Wen S, Liang Z, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhang Z, Chen D, Yang L, Guo L. Exosomes derived from odontogenic stem cells: Its role in the dentin-pulp complex. Regen Ther 2023; 24:135-146. [PMID: 37415682 PMCID: PMC10320411 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenic stem cells originate from cranial neural crest cells and offer unique advantages in the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex. There is increasing evidence that stem cells exert their biological functions mainly through exosome-based paracrine effects. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, etc., which can play a role in intercellular communication and have similar therapeutic potential to stem cells. In addition, compared with stem cells, exosomes also have the advantages of good biocompatibility, high drug carrying capacity, easy to obtain, and few side effects. Odontogenic stem cell-derived exosomes mainly affect the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex by regulating processes such as dentintogenesis, angiogenesis, neuroprotection and immunomodulation. This review aimed to describe "cell-free therapies" based on odontogenic stem cell-derived exosomes, which aim to regenerate the dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Zou
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xia
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhikang Su
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyi Wen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zitian Liang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanting Ouyang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaohong Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lvhua Guo
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Humenik F, Danko J, Krešáková L, Vdoviaková K, Vrabec V, Vasilová E, Giretová M, Tóth Š, Fagová Z, Babík J, Medvecký Ľ. A Chitosan-Based Biomaterial Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16080. [PMID: 38003269 PMCID: PMC10671656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a beneficial treatment effect of novel chitosan bio-polymeric material enriched with mesenchymal stem cell products derived from the canine adipose tissue (AT-MSC) on the artificial skin defect in a rabbit model. For the objectivity of the regeneration evaluation, we used histological analysis and a scoring system created by us, taking into account all the attributes of regeneration, such as inflammatory reaction, necrosis, granulation, formation of individual skin layers and hair follicles. We observed an acceleration and improvement in the healing of an artificially created skin defect after eight and ten weeks in comparison with negative control (spontaneous healing without biomaterial). Moreover, we were able to described hair follicles and epidermis layer in histological skin samples treated with a chitosan-based biomaterial on the eighth week after grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Humenik
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Danko
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
- Educational, Scientific and Research Institute AGEL, 811 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Krešáková
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Vdoviaková
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Vrabec
- Clinic of Birds, Exotic and Free Living Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Emília Vasilová
- Clinic of Birds, Exotic and Free Living Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Giretová
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Tóth
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Fagová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Babík
- Clinic of Burns and Reconstructive Medicine, AGEL Hospital, 040 15 Košice-Šaca, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Medvecký
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Zhou Y, Xu T, Wang C, Han P, Ivanovski S. Clinical usage of dental stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:297-326. [PMID: 37678975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies remain at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because stem cells are a unique cell source with enormous potential to treat incurable diseases and even extend lifespans. The search for the best stem cell candidates continues to evolve and in recent years, dental stem cells have received significant attention due to their easy accessibility, high plasticity, and multipotential properties. Dental stem cells have been the subject of extensive research in both animal models and human clinical trials over the past two decades, and have demonstrated significant potential in ocular therapy, bone tissue engineering, and, of course, therapeutic applications in dentistry such as regenerative endodontics and periodontal tissue regeneration. These new sources of cells may be advantageous for cellular therapy and the advancement of regenerative medicine strategies, such as allogeneic transplantation or therapy with extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are functional nanoscale membrane vesicles produced by cells. This chapter discusses the accumulating research findings on cell-based regenerative therapy utilizing dental stem cells and their derived EVs, which could be a viable tool for the treatment of a variety of diseases and hence extremely valuable to mankind in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Zhou
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Tian Xu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cong Wang
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Hammouda DA, Mansour AM, Saeed MA, Zaher AR, Grawish ME. Stem cell-derived exosomes for dentin-pulp complex regeneration: a mini-review. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e20. [PMID: 37284341 PMCID: PMC10240090 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This mini-review was conducted to present an overview of the use of exosomes in regenerating the dentin-pulp complex (DPC). The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 1, 2013 and January 1, 2023. The findings of basic in vitro studies indicated that exosomes enhance the proliferation and migration of mesenchymal cells, as human dental pulp stem cells, via mitogen-activated protein kinases and Wingless-Int signaling pathways. In addition, they possess proangiogenic potential and contribute to neovascularization and capillary tube formation by promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Likewise, they regulate the migration and differentiation of Schwann cells, facilitate the conversion of M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and mediate immune suppression as they promote regulatory T cell conversion. Basic in vivo studies have indicated that exosomes triggered the regeneration of dentin-pulp-like tissue, and exosomes isolated under odontogenic circumstances are particularly strong inducers of tissue regeneration and stem cell differentiation. Exosomes are a promising regenerative tool for DPC in cases of small pulp exposure or for whole-pulp tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Hammouda
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Mansour
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Saeed
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Zaher
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E. Grawish
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Dakahlia, Egypt
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Ma S, Jiang Y, Qian Y, Du J, Yu X, Luo S, Chen Z. The Emerging Biological Functions of Exosomes from Dental Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:53-64. [PMID: 37053510 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are one kind of small-cell extracellular membranous vesicles that can regulate intercellular communication and give rise to mediating the biological behaviors of cells, involving in tissue formation, repair, the modulation of inflammation, and nerve regeneration. The abundant kinds of cells can secret exosomes, among them, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are very perfect cells for mass production of exosomes. Dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DT-MSCs), including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human periodontal ligament (PDLSCs), gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells, dental follicle stem cells, tooth germ stem cells, and alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells, are now known as a potent tool in the area of cell regeneration and therapy, more importantly, DT-MSCs can also release numerous types of exosomes, participating in the biological functions of cells. Hence, we briefly depict the characteristics of exosomes, give a detailed description of the biological functions and clinical application in some respects of exosomes from DT-MSCs through systematically reviewing the latest evidence, and provide a rationale for their use as tools for potential application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yidi Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuyan Qian
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiyi Luo
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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10
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Lai H, Li J, Kou X, Mao X, Zhao W, Ma L. Extracellular Vesicles for Dental Pulp and Periodontal Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010282. [PMID: 36678909 PMCID: PMC9862817 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bound particles derived from their original cells, which play critical roles in intercellular communication through their cargoes, including protein, lipids, and nucleic acids. According to their biogenesis and release pathway, EVs can be divided into three categories: apoptotic vesicles (ApoVs), microvesicles (MVs), and small EVs (sEVs). Recently, the role of EVs in oral disease has received close attention. In this review, the main characteristics of EVs are described, including their classification, biogenesis, biomarkers, and components. Moreover, the therapeutic mechanism of EVs in tissue regeneration is discussed. We further summarize the current status of EVs in pulp/periodontal tissue regeneration and discuss the potential mechanisms. The therapeutic potential of EVs in pulp and periodontal regeneration might involve the promotion of tissue regeneration and immunomodulatory capabilities. Furthermore, we highlight the current challenges in the translational use of EVs. This review would provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic strategies of EVs in dental pulp and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Lai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (L.M.)
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