CARLo-7-A plausible biomarker for bladder cancer

Association of lncRNA LINC01173 Expression with Vitamin-D and Vitamin B12 Level Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen to become the world's most serious public health problem in recent years, and the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the onset and progression of T2DM, as well as special attention to vitamins, has gotten a lot of attention recently.

METHODS

The aim of the study was to analyze lncRNA LINC01173 expression along with assessment of vitamin-D and B12 among the T2DM cases. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of lncRNA LINC01173. Vitamin-D and B12 were analyzed by chemiluminescence-based assay.

RESULTS

The present study observed that the T2DM cases had 6.67-fold increased lncRNA LINC01173 expression compared to healthy controls. Expression of lncRNA LINC01173 was found to be associated with hypertension (p=0.03), wound healing (p=0.04), and blurred vision (p<0.0001). It was observed that the T2DM cases with vitamin-D deficiency had a significant association with fasting glucose level (p=0.01) and HbA1C level (p=0.01) among the T2DM cases. The association of lncRNA LINC01173 with vitamin-D was analyzed and it was observed that the vitamin-D deficient cases had higher lncRNA LINC01173 expression compared to insufficient T2DM cases (p=0.01) and sufficient T2DM cases (p=0.0006). It was also observed that the T2DM cases with smoking had a 8.33-fold lncRNA LINC01173 expression while non-smokers had a 5.43-fold lncRNA LINC01173 expression (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION

The study concluded that the increased lncRNA LINC01173 expression was observed to be linked with alteration in vitamin-D level and smoking habit. Altered expression of lncRNA LINC01173 expression was linked with fasting glucose and HbA1C alteration. Collectively, lncRNA LINC01173 expression, vitamin-D alteration, as well as smoking habit may cause the disease severity and increase the pathogenesis of disease.

Contribution of lncRNA CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 Genetic Variants to the Susceptibility of Coronary Heart Disease

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lncRNA CASC8, CASC11, and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1). genetic variants and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility among a Chinese Han population. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform among 464 CHD patients and 510 healthy controls. Binary logistic regression models by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms and CHD risk. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis was performed to analyze gene-gene interaction. PVT1 rs4410871 (OR = 0.77, P = 0.040) was associated with a reduced risk of CHD occurrence in the Chinese population. CASC11 rs9642880 (OR = 1.49, P = 0.021) was a risk factor for increased CHD susceptibility in subjects over 60 years old, and PVT1 rs4410871 was a protective factor for CHD susceptibility in males (OR = 0.67, P = 0.015) and smokers (OR = 0.62, P = 0.047). Complications (hypertension or diabetes) of CHD influenced the association between CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 genetic polymorphisms and CHD predisposition. Moreover, CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 polymorphisms were related to the number of pathological branches and Gensini score in CHD patients. The study displayed the contribution of CASC8, CASC11, and PVT1 genetic polymorphisms to CHD predisposition, and these variants could serve as potential biomarkers of CHD susceptibility. These findings contribute to enhancing the understanding of the role of lncRNA polymorphisms in CHD risk.

A control theoretic three timescale model for analyzing energy management in mammalian cancer cells

Interaction among different pathways, such as metabolic, signaling and gene regulatory networks, of cellular system is responsible to maintain homeostasis in a mammalian cell. Malfunctioning of this cooperation may lead to many complex diseases, such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Timescale differences among these pathways make their integration a daunting task. Metabolic, signaling and gene regulatory networks have three different timescales, such as, ultrafast, fast and slow respectively. The article deals with this problem by developing a support vector regression (SVR) based three timescale model with the application of genetic algorithm based nonlinear controller. The proposed model can successfully capture the nonlinear transient dynamics and regulations of such integrated biochemical pathway under consideration. Besides, the model is quite capable of predicting the effects of certain drug targets for many types of complex diseases. Here, energy and cell proliferation management of mammalian cancer cells have been explored and analyzed with the help of the proposed novel approach. Previous investigations including in silico/in vivo/in vitro experiments have validated the results (the regulations of glucose transporter 1 (glut1), hexokinase (HK), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α ) among others, and the switching of pyruvate kinase (M2 isoform) between dimer and tetramer) generated by this model proving its effectiveness. Subsequently, the model predicts the effects of six selected drug targets, such as, the deactivation of transketolase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase among others, in the case of mammalian malignant cells in terms of growth, proliferation, fermentation, and energy supply in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Critical roles of the lncRNA CASC11 in tumor progression and cancer metastasis: The biomarker and therapeutic target potential

The frequency of human suffering from cancer is increasing annually across the globe. This has fueled numerous investigations aimed at the prevention and cure of various cancers. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are known to play a crucial role in cancer. For instance, cancer susceptibility candidate 11 (CASC11), as one of the long non-coding RNAs, has been reported to be overexpressed in various tumors. This review elucidates the mechanism by which lncRNA CASC11 regulates tumors' biological processes and affirms its value as a therapeutic target for tumors. Through systematic analysis and review of relevant articles in PubMed, we revealed the pathophysiological mechanism of CASC11 on the tumor by regulating the biological processes of tumor such as proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, thereby promoting tumor metastasis. We also revealed the regulatory pathways of CASC11 in different tumors, for instance by acting on a variety of microRNAs, oncogenic proteins, carcinogens, and transcription factors. Consequently, CASC11 regulates cancer proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion by altering the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, CASC11 expression has a high pertinence with clinical prognosis, suggesting that it is a potential marker for malignant tumors or a clinical adjuvant therapy in the future.

LncRNA CARLo-7 facilitates proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of bladder cancer cells by regulating Wnt/β-catenin and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways

Background

Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been found to enroll in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer (BC). Earlier results show cancer-associated region long noncoding RNA-7 (CARLo-7) can be a prognostic marker for BC, but its biological function and the underlying mechanism is still to be discovered. Our study aims to explore the effects of CARLo-7 on the initiation and progression of BC and the potential mechanisms.

Methods

The expression of CARLo-7 in BC tissues and cell lines was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). T24 and HT1197 cells were transfected with CARLo-7 expression vector or sh-CARLo-7, then cell viability assay, BrdU assay, flow cytometry, Transwell cell migration, and invasion assay, and western blot were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Results

CARLo-7 was dramatically upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Silencing CARLo-7 by sh-CARLo-7 significantly suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis of BC cells, while enforced CARLo-7 expression promoted cell proliferation. Meanwhile, silencing CARLo-7 attenuated migration, invasion, and EMT of BC cells, while CARLo-7 overexpression had the contrary effects. The β-catenin, p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 levels were decreased by CARLo-7 knockdown, while activation of Wnt/β-catenin or JAK2/STAT3 pathways abolished the effects of CARLo-7 knockdown on cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusions

Collectively, CARLo-7 plays a critical role in regulating BC development by regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT through Wnt/β-catenin and JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Therefore, CARLo-7 might be a promising therapeutic target for BC.

The Construction and Analysis of the Aberrant lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in Adipose Tissue from Type 2 Diabetes Individuals with Obesity

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become the most serious global public health issue. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the occurrence and development of obesity and T2DM. The aim of this work was to find new lncRNAs as potential predictive biomarkers or therapeutic targets for obesity and T2DM.

METHODS

In this study, we identified significant differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) between adipose tissue of individuals with obesity and T2DM and normal adipose tissue (absolute log₂FC ≥ 1 and FDR < 0.05). Then, the lncRNA-miRNA interactions predicted by miRcode were further screened with a threshold of MIC > 0.2. Simultaneously, the mRNA-miRNA interactions were explored by miRWalk 2.0. Finally, a ceRNA network consisting of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs was established by integrating lncRNA-miRNA interactions and mRNA-miRNA interactions.

RESULTS

Upon comparing adipose tissue from individuals with obesity and T2DM and normal adipose tissues, 364 significant DEmRNAs, including 140 upregulated and 224 downregulated mRNAs, were identified in GSE104674; in addition, 231 significant DEmRNAs, including 146 upregulated and 85 downregulated mRNAs, were identified in GSE133099. GO and KEGG analyses have shown that downregulated DEmRNAs in GSE104674 and GSE133099 were associated with obesity- and T2DM-related biological pathways, such as lipid metabolism, AMPK signaling, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, 28 significant DElncRNAs, including 14 upregulated and 14 downregulated lncRNAs, were found. Based on the predicted lncRNA-miRNA and mRNA-miRNA relationships, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, including five lncRNAs, ten miRNAs, and 15 mRNAs. KEGG-GSEA analysis revealed that four lncRNAs (FLG-AS1, SNAI3-AS1, AC008147.0, and LINC02015) in the ceRNA network were related to the biological pathways of metabolic diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

Through ceRNA network analysis, our study identified four new lncRNAs that may be used as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of obesity and T2DM, thus laying a foundation for future clinical studies.

Microarray Profiling and Coexpression Network Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs in Adipose Tissue of Obesity-T2DM Mouse

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to understand more about long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential prediction biomarkers or therapeutic targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to find more lncRNA candidates related to obesity and T2DM.

METHODS

In this study, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity-T2DM mouse model was used, and a mRNA and lncRNA expression map was drawn up in adipose tissue by microarray technology. Then Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed and revealed that the most associated genes and pathways were metabolism-related ones. The candidate lncRNA expression was further validated in adipose tissue from HFD-induced mice by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

RESULTS

Transcriptome analyses were performed to show expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in epididymal adipose tissue in the obesity-T2DM mice. A total of 124 lncRNAs and 1,606 mRNAs were differentially expressed between the chow and HFD groups. Then, an mRNA-lncRNA coexpression network was constructed. Based on a series of analyses, 15 candidate lncRNAs were screened, and their expression was further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

The results reveal significant differences between the transcriptomes of the HFD and control groups in adipose tissue that provide clues to the molecular mechanisms of diet-induced metabolic disorders as well as biomarkers of risk for these disorders.

CARLo-7-A plausible biomarker for bladder cancer

Cancer is defined as undifferentiated and unchecked growth of cells damaging the surrounding tissue. Cancers manifest altered gene expression. Gene expression is regulated by a diverse array of non-protein-coding RNA. Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been recently found to have functional consequences in cancers. In the current study, we report CARLo-7 as the only bladder cancer-specific lncRNA from the CARLos cluster. The expression of this lncRNA correlates with bladder cancer grade. We propose that CARLo-7 has an oncogenic potential and might be regulator of cell proliferation. Furthermore, by comparison the expression of proto-oncogene MYC, which is the only well-annotated gene close to the cancer - associated linkage disequilibrium blocks of this region, does not show a pronounced change in expression between the low- and high-grade tumours. Our results indicate that CARlo-7 can act as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer.