Evaluation of non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters and their relationship with physical activity, anthropometric indices and lipid profiles in healthy middle-aged adults: Results of the PERSIAN cohort study

Association between six different types of anthropometric indices and arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in hypertensive Chinese adults

Background

The associations of body fat parameters with arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients were scarce.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed 4322 hypertensive adults. The correlations between the anthropometric indexes (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist-tohip ratio [WHR], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR], a body shape index [ABSI], body round index [BRI]) and ba-PWV values were analyzed using multivariable linear regression model.

Results

In both sex categories, linear regression models showed that BMI levels were inversely related to baPWV (adjusted-β per SD increase in male: -0.51, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.36, P < 0.001; female: -0.50, 95% CI -0.63 to -0.37, P < 0.001). Waist circumference positively correlated with baPWV only in male hypertensive individuals. BaPWV positively correlated to WHR or WHtR levels (adjusted-β per SD increase: 0.32, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.43, P < 0.001; 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.82, P < 0.001; respectively), ABSI (adjusted-β per SD increase for ABSI × 100: 0.27, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.36, P < 0.001) and BRI (adjusted-β per SD increase: 0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.81, P < 0.001) levels. The relationship between anthropometric indices and arterial stiffness based on baPWV values were also consistent. ABSI had the highest predictive power of arterial stiffness (area under the curve, 0.594; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In Chinese adults with hypertension, BMI was inversely related to baPWV, while WHR, WHtR, ABSI and BRI were positively related. Waist circumference positively correlated with baPWV only in male hypertensive individuals.

Association of organ damage with predicted fat mass in a community-dwelling elderly: the Northern Shanghai study

BACKGROUND

Body fat mass (FM) is associated with multiple organ damage. However, data regarding the relationship between various organ damage and FM are rare in the elderly. Therefore, we aim to perform an analysis on the relationship between organ damage and FM in a geriatric cohort.

METHODS

3331 participants were included in this analysis. Based on age, body height, body weight, waist circumference, and race, we calculated FM with the established formula. Organ damage, including arterial stiffening, lower extremity atherosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), micro-albuminuria, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), were measured and calculated with standard methods.

RESULTS

All organ damage parameters were significantly related to FM (all p < 0.001). In univariate logistics regression, the highest quartile of FM was tied to the increased risk of arterial stiffening, lower extremity atherosclerosis, LVH, micro-albuminuria, and CKD (all p < 0.05). After adjustment, participants with higher quantiles of FM had a significantly increased odd ratio (OR) for arterial stiffening [OR = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.99, p = 0.002] and LVH (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.48-2.67, p < 0.001). Moreover, FM was linearly associated with arterial stiffening and LVH in total population and gender subgroups. Independent of confounders, FM was significantly correlated with arterial stiffening, lower extremity atherosclerosis, LVH and CKD in female, while was only related to LVH in male.

CONCLUSIONS

Among various organ damage, elevated FM is significantly and independently associated with arterial stiffening and LVH in the elderly. Compared with men, women with increased FM are more likely to have multiple organ damage.

A healthy lifestyle is associated with lower arterial stiffness in a metabolically healthy elderly population with overweight or obesity

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Arterial stiffness is linked with the development of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. In clinical practice, measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) has become a widely used study for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in elderly population. Our aim was to evaluate whether maintaining a healthy life, based on Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and regular practice of physical activity, are associated with arterial stiffness in an elderly, metabolically healthy with overweight or obesity (MHOe) population.

INDIVIDUALS AND METHODS

A transversal, analytical-descriptive study in MHOe population (aged ≥65 years) with a BMI at least 27 kg/ m 2 who had one or less of the following cardiometabolic disorders: fasting plasma glucose at least 100 mg/dl, blood pressure at least 135/85 mmHg (or the use of blood pressure-lowering agents), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (≤ 40 mg/dl for men, ≤50 mg/dl for women) or triglycerides at least 150 mg/dl (or the use of lipid-lowering therapies) was conducted. Blood pressure, height, weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR), practice of physical activity, MedDiet adherence and food intake along with cf-PWV were analysed.

RESULTS

One hundred and fifty-eight MHOe individuals (age: 72.2 ± 5.0 years, BMI: 31.6 ± 3.8 kg/m 2 ) were recruited. One hundred and nine of them were younger than 75 years of age (young-old, age: 69.3 ± 2.8 years and BMI: 32.0 ± 3.9 kg/m 2 ) and 49 of them aged 75 years or older (old-old, age: 78.1 ± 2.9 years and BMI: 30.7 ± 3.6 kg/m 2 ). All population showed a strong adherence to the Med Diet due major consumption of homemade meal, olive oil and lean meats. In addition, they presented an important practice of all intensities of physical activity. Young-old individuals had a cf-PWV of 9.7 ± 2.2 m/s and old-old individuals had a cf-PWV of 11.1 ± 4.4 m/s. In all populations, a negative correlation between cf-PWV and BMI ( r  = -0.17, P  = 0.04) and a positive correlation with WHR in men ( r  = 0.18, P  = 0.03) was found. WHR shows a significantly positive correlation with the cf-PWV values in old-old women participants ( r  = 0.41, P  = 0.008). On the other side, only vigorous physical activity showed a negative correlation with cf-PWV in all population and in young-old individuals ( r  = -0.20; P  = 0.02 and r  = -0.22; P  = 0.03, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Healthy lifestyle habits based on MedDiet adherence and regular practice of physical activity are associated with lower arterial stiffness in a metabolically healthy population with overweight or obesity older than 65 years compared with data from other elderly populations previously reported in the literature.

Fat-Free Mass Index, Visceral Fat Level, and Muscle Mass Percentage Better Explain Deviations From the Expected Value of Aortic Pressure and Structural and Functional Arterial Properties Than Body Fat Indexes

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived indexes [e.g., fat (FMI) and fat-free mass indexes (FFMI), visceral fat level (VFL)] are used to characterize obesity as a cardiovascular risk factor (CRF). The BIA-derived index that better predicts arterial variability is still discussed.