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Finucane S, Dalwadi P, Mudaliar K, Hurtuk A. Trigeminal trophic syndrome: A systematic review. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104354. [PMID: 38759434 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically report and document Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome (TTS), characterize its clinical presentation, diagnostic tests performed, outline management strategies, outcomes; and highlight the role of otolaryngologists in the tissue diagnosis of this rare syndrome. DATA SOURCES PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. REVIEW METHODS PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all cases of TTS published with an English translation from inception to December 2020. RESULTS A total of 142 articles describing 214 patients with TTS were included in the analysis. There was a female predominance (62.9 %) and a median age of 57 (range 1-93) years at presentation. A trigeminal neurological insult was identified in 200 (93.5 %) cases. The most common triggers for TTS were treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (35.7 %) and cerebrovascular accident (21.6 %). Self-inflicted trauma occurred in 137 (64 %) patients. Biopsy was done in 123 (57.5 %) patients. Patient education, barrier devices, and medications to address parasthesias were the most common treatment strategies. The majority of patients (72.5 %) received multimodal therapy. Surgery was performed in 35 (22.7 %) patients. Treatment outcomes were discussed in 120 (56.1 %) patients. CONCLUSIONS TTS is a rare condition with poorly understood pathophysiology. It should be suspected in a patient with non-healing facial ulceration and altered sensation within the trigeminal nerve distribution. Biopsy of the ulcer is important to confirm the diagnosis and exclude malignancy. Treatment options include conservative and pharmacologic measures, and less frequently surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Finucane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Poonam Dalwadi
- Department of Medicine, Piedmont Macon Medical Center, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Kumaran Mudaliar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Agnes Hurtuk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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2
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Lim GZ, Tan J. Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome from Lateral Medullary Stroke. Ann Neurol 2024; 96:204-205. [PMID: 38481020 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Zigui Lim
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiekai Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Becker SL, Kody S, Fett NM, Hines A, Alavi A, Ortega-Loayza AG. Approach to the Atypical Wound. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024; 25:559-584. [PMID: 38744780 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-024-00865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of atypical wounds can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges; however, as the prevalence of atypical wounds grows worldwide, prompt and accurate management is increasingly an essential skill for dermatologists. Addressing the underlying cause of an atypical wound is critical for successful outcomes. An integrated approach with a focus on pain management and patient engagement is recommended to facilitate enduring wound closure. Advances in treatment, in addition to further research and clinical training, are necessary to address the expanding burden of atypical wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave Building 1, 16th Floor, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shannon Kody
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave Building 1, 16th Floor, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nicole M Fett
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave Building 1, 16th Floor, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | - Afsaneh Alavi
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alex G Ortega-Loayza
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 S Bond Ave Building 1, 16th Floor, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Santos-Coelho M, Pestana M, M Brito Í. Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome: An Exuberant Case. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:220-221. [PMID: 38183227 DOI: 10.20344/amp.20357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santos-Coelho
- Serviço de Dermatovenereologia. Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Mafalda Pestana
- Serviço de Dermatovenereologia. Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Íris M Brito
- Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica e Reconstrutiva. Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
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5
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Liu P, Wu S. Post-stroke corneal and facial ulcerations: trigeminal trophic syndrome. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:263-264. [PMID: 36076143 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Songdi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Xenopoulou D, Greco E. Crossroads of Neurodermatology: Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome. Cureus 2024; 16:e51760. [PMID: 38318601 PMCID: PMC10839548 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A 98-year-old female, with a past medical history of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and non-melanoma skin cancer, presented with a crescent-shaped ulcer on her right nasal ala that had been present for months. On exam, the patient was aware of her issue, readily admitted to manipulation of the area, and had a past medical history significant for TN. The patient's history and clinical presentation led to a diagnosis of trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS). TTS is an extremely rare, ulcerative condition that can arise in patients suffering from TN. While TN itself is well-documented, treatment is often challenging and usually focused on achieving symptomatic relief; for this patient, she did not achieve adequate management of her neuropathic symptoms, and her condition progressed to TTS. Thus, given the patient's ongoing multi-modal TN treatment, she was encouraged not to pick or manipulate the area to the best of her ability to curb the extent of ulceration. Given that TTS is so infrequently seen, we are hopeful that, by identifying the specifics of the underlying neuronal aberrancies in the future, we may be able to better grasp TTS's pathophysiology, ulcer development, and potential future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Xenopoulou
- Dermatology, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | - Evelyn Greco
- Dermatology, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
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7
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Choudhary S, Srivastava A, Nagi P, Choudhary R. Unilateral non-healing ulcers in zosteriform pattern. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e255724. [PMID: 37923336 PMCID: PMC10626895 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare disease that occurs after injury to the trigeminal nerve. Though this condition has been reported in the early 20th century, it is still a rare entity, with only around 200 cases reported so far. It characteristically presents with persistent facial ulceration with loss of sensation and paraesthesia along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. We here report a case of TTS developing as a complication of herpes zoster, which possibly occurred due to the nerve damage caused by varicella-zoster virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Choudhary
- Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prerna Nagi
- Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rijavi Choudhary
- Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Rybak‐d′Obyrn J, Alicja LJ, Joanna MN, Agnieszka O, Waldemar P. Trigeminal trophic syndrome associated with neuralgia after ischemic stroke-a case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7711. [PMID: 37554578 PMCID: PMC10405243 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition resulting from self-manipulation of the skin after an injury to the trigeminal nerve. We describe the case of a 70-year-old woman who was hospitalized because of erythema, ulceration, and crusts on the right side of her face, accompanied by itching, burning, and irritation forcing self-manipulation of the skin. She had been previously repeatedly treated with antibiotics, acyclovir, and topical medications without any improvement. Her medical history revealed an episode of ischemic stroke in 2016, after which a deformation and partial atrophy of the right ala nasi appeared. Trigeminal neuropathy was confirmed by a neurological consultation. Diagnosis and treatment of TTS requires a multidisciplinary approach. Awareness of this disease should be raised to enable proper diagnosis and management of difficult-to-treat facial ulcers that cannot be explained by common causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rybak‐d′Obyrn
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
| | | | | | - Owczarczyk‐Saczonek Agnieszka
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
| | - Placek Waldemar
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
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Mansour MA, Tarek M. Trigeminal trophic syndrome in the wake of a meningioma resection: A rare postoperative complication. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 113:58-59. [PMID: 37207491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A Mansour
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Neuro-Intensive Care, Dar Al-Fouad Medical Corporation, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Tarek
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Chronic Skin Picking: Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome in the Setting of Meningioma. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:206-208. [PMID: 36541872 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Đorđević Betetto L, Bajuk V. Trigeminal trophic syndrome, a rare and often overlooked cause of facial ulceration: a case report and literature review. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2023. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2023.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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12
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Hoover E, Jay R, Witman P. Trigeminal trophic syndrome in a pediatric patient with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 40:345-348. [PMID: 36411544 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 13-year-old girl with a history of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) suffered from progressively worsening facial ulcerations secondary to paresthesia-induced self-excoriation. She was diagnosed with trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) induced by DIPG and struggled to heal her lesions in the background of this excoriation disorder. A multidisciplinary approach that included mood disorder management with sertraline and amitriptyline helped diminish paresthesia, improve her quality of life, and promote healing of the ulcers despite the progression of her DIPG. This case highlights the multifactorial complexity of TTS in pediatric patients and the need for successful management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Hoover
- Department of Dermatology, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Downtown Dermatology, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan Jay
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dublin, Ohio, USA.,Department of Preliminary and Internal Medicine, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Patricia Witman
- Section of Dermatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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13
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Tehfi D, Barrera-Godínez A, Dominguez-Cherit J, Gatica-Torres M. Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome as a Complication of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. Cureus 2022; 14:e30382. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Lee JH, Uh JA, Kim JH, Kim HY, Kim MS, Lee UH, Lee SK. Postherpetic Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome: A Case Report. Ann Dermatol 2022; 34:378-381. [PMID: 36198630 PMCID: PMC9561291 DOI: 10.5021/ad.20.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition characterized by anesthesia, paresthesia, and facial ulceration involving the trigeminal dermatome secondary to self-manipulation of the skin after a peripheral or central injury to the trigeminal nerve or its branches. Differential diagnosis of TTS includes conditions presenting with chronic facial ulceration, such as various infectious diseases, malignancy, vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and dermatitis artefacta. We report a case of postherpetic TTS and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment of this condition, which may commonly be misdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-An Uh
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung-Shin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Un-Ha Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Pleasant TK, Benvenuto A, Moyer JS. Nasal Ulceration in Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022; 24:506-508. [DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2021.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Terrence K. Pleasant
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Moyer
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Ryu HR, Lee DW, Kim JH, Choi HJ. A rare case of a folded nasolabial flap for a full-thickness alar defect due to trigeminal trophic syndrome after herpes zoster infection. ARCHIVES OF AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.14730/aaps.2021.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old man was referred for a skin defect with paresthesia and decreased pain in his right ala. He had a history of herpes zoster infection 3 weeks previously. Excisional biopsy and culture showed no evidence of skin malignancy or infection. He was diagnosed with trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) after herpes zoster infection. A two-stage folded nasolabial flap was used to reconstruct the defect. The patient was satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes of surgery, and there was no evidence of recurrence during the follow-up. TTS, a rare skin condition that presents with paresthesia, anesthesia, and facial ulceration, occurs after trigeminal nerve injury, which can be caused by herpes zoster infection in rare cases. TTS is an often-persistent condition with a high recurrence rate, causing cosmetic problems. Some surgical methods have been attempted, but our case presents the first use of a folded nasolabial flap to treat TTS. The flap was symmetric, without any nostril collapse. It is also noteworthy that the outcome was excellent with only a skin flap that did not use a bony framework. Herein, we report a rare case of TTS that occurred after herpes zoster infection and was successfully treated with a folded nasolabial flap.
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Tormo-Mainar S, Pesqué D, Olmos-Alpiste F, Deza G, March-Rodriguez A, Pujol RM. Unilateral ulcerations on the forehead and scalp. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1207-1209. [PMID: 35342976 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with unilateral ulcerations on the forehead and scalp, occurring 3 months after herpes zoster infection. Further investigations were unremarkable. Histology showed epidermal and upper dermal ulceration associated with a mild nonspecific dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphoid cells and histiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tormo-Mainar
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pesqué
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Olmos-Alpiste
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Deza
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro March-Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon M Pujol
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Minai L, Ogawa Y, Kinoshita M, Ito H, Kume M, Mitsui H, Shimada S, Kawamura T. Case of trigeminal trophic syndrome secondary to endovascular treatment for internal carotid artery aneurysm. J Dermatol 2022; 49:e212-e214. [PMID: 35212008 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Minai
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Marianna University Toyoko Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Miki Kume
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitsui
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Segovia González M, Martina L, García García JF, González González A, Benito Duque P. Trigeminal trophic syndrome: An unusual nasal ulceration. A case report and review of the literature. J Tissue Viability 2022; 31:369-371. [PMID: 35101334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Segovia González
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Martina
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa University, Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Alicia González González
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Benito Duque
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Guijarro-Del Amo M, Piñeiro-Fernández JC. A rare manifestation of sensory neuropathy in primary Sjögren syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:e395-e396. [PMID: 33983448 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Berry NA, Kumar AB, Wetter DA. Chronic non-healing facial ulcer: Trigeminal trophic syndrome from underlying paraneoplastic antibodies. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:e452-e453. [PMID: 34587279 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anagha B Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David A Wetter
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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22
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Berthin C, Beauchêne C, Florczak AS. Mysterious nostril ulceration. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2021; 139:163-165. [PMID: 34511404 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Berthin
- Service de dermatologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - C Beauchêne
- Service de dermatologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - A S Florczak
- Service de chirurgie plastique, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France
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Pisano C, Fox M, Reichenberg J. An innovative approach in the treatment of trigeminal trophic syndrome. J DERMATOL TREAT 2021; 33:2373-2375. [PMID: 34256671 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1950599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare disorder that presents as ulceration of the nasal ala, and less often ipsilateral cheek, cutaneous lip, and forehead, following damage to the trigeminal nerve. TTS is often very difficult to treat due to anesthesia and paresthesia along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, which often leads to a large behavioral component of this disease. METHODS In this single case report, a thermoplastic mask was sutured in place overlying the chronic ulcerations of TTS in a 57-year-old man. RESULTS Significant re-epithelization of the chronic ulcerations of TTS was seen after only 6 weeks of thermoplastic mask attachment. CONCLUSION While TTS is a chronic and difficult to treat disease, the use of a thermoplastic mask in the treatment of this disease can significantly decrease the self-manipulation component and allow for re-epithelization and healing of the chronic ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pisano
- Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Matthew Fox
- Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jason Reichenberg
- Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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24
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Moreiras Arias N, Sopeña B, Sainz Gaspar L. Trigeminal trophic syndrome after ischaemic stroke. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 158:38-39. [PMID: 34127255 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Moreiras Arias
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España.
| | - Bernardo Sopeña
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
| | - Laura Sainz Gaspar
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
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25
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Lowy DB, Makker PGS, Moalem-Taylor G. Cutaneous Neuroimmune Interactions in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain States. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660203. [PMID: 33912189 PMCID: PMC8071857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interplay between the peripheral immune and nervous systems plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and responding to noxious stimuli. This crosstalk is facilitated by a variety of cytokines, inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides. Dysregulation of this delicate physiological balance is implicated in the pathological mechanisms of various skin disorders and peripheral neuropathies. The skin is a highly complex biological structure within which peripheral sensory nerve terminals and immune cells colocalise. Herein, we provide an overview of the sensory innervation of the skin and immune cells resident to the skin. We discuss modulation of cutaneous immune response by sensory neurons and their mediators (e.g., nociceptor-derived neuropeptides), and sensory neuron regulation by cutaneous immune cells (e.g., nociceptor sensitization by immune-derived mediators). In particular, we discuss recent findings concerning neuroimmune communication in skin infections, psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. We then summarize evidence of neuroimmune mechanisms in the skin in the context of peripheral neuropathic pain states, including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, diabetic polyneuropathy, post-herpetic neuralgia, HIV-induced neuropathy, as well as entrapment and traumatic neuropathies. Finally, we highlight the future promise of emerging therapies associated with skin neuroimmune crosstalk in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Lowy
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Preet G S Makker
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Hernández G, André S, Samper A. Síndrome trófico del trigémino: Una causa poco frecuente de úlceras faciales crónicas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.piel.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Resende LO, Dwan AJ, Nico MMS. Trigeminal trophic syndrome: an important simulator of discoid cutaneous lupus erythematosus – a case series. Lupus 2020; 29:1282-1286. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203320935169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal trophic syndrome occurs secondary to trigeminal nerve injury, leading to anaesthesia and paraesthesia, with consequent vigorous facial skin manipulation and lesion production, simulating other facial diseases such as ulcerative discoid lupus erythematosus, tumours and other artificially produced lesions. Ulceration and destruction of the ala nasi is a typical feature besides scratching end excoriations in the cutaneous segment affected. In this series, we present the features of five patients with trigeminal trophic syndrome, highlighting possible confusion with cutaneous lupus. Differential diagnoses, including discoid lupus erythematosus, are discussed, as well as possible treatment modalities.
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28
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HANÇER HS. Trigeminal Trofik Sendrom: Nazal ülserin nadir bir sebebi. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.770627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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29
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Margheim A, Spaulding R, Schadt CR. Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome: A Cause of Dysesthesia and Persistent Facial Ulceration. Am J Med 2020; 133:685-686. [PMID: 31981488 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Margheim
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky.
| | - Robert Spaulding
- Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky
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30
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Sallabanda K, Sallabanda M, Barrientos HD, Santaolalla I, Garcia R. Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome Secondary to Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia Treated with CyberKnife® Radiosurgery. Cureus 2020; 12:e7670. [PMID: 32419997 PMCID: PMC7226666 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition in which there is the involvement of the skin innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve. Because of an alteration in the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve, an exaggerated manipulation of the skin by the patient occurs, with secondary ulcers in the affected areas. They are usually unilateral and located mainly at the beginning of the nose wing. There are very few publications in the current literature, so it is in the interest of doctors to know this rare pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kita Sallabanda
- Radiosurgery/Neurosurgery, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, ESP
| | | | | | | | - Rafel Garcia
- Radiation Oncology, Cyberknife Centre, Ruber Internacional, Madrid, ESP
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31
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Fernández-Bernáldez A, Rodríguez-Jiménez P, Herrero-Moyano M, Sánchez-Pérez J. Síndrome trófico trigeminal secundario a recidiva de meningioma. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:171-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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32
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Fernández-Bernáldez A, Rodríguez-Jiménez P, Herrero-Moyano M, Sánchez-Pérez J. Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome Secondary to Meningioma Recurrence. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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33
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Carr P, Martin S, Young J, Chiota-McCollum N. Trigeminal trophic syndrome: A possible dermatologic manifestation of stroke deficits. Neurol Clin Pract 2019; 10:e27-e29. [PMID: 32983619 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carr
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Seth Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jeanne Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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34
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Bradburn KH, Elston D, Murphey AW, Patel KG. Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome-A Unique Clinical Presentation of a Rare Condition. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 98:606-608. [PMID: 31119987 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319850818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a unique clinical presentation of trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS), which is not well described within the otolaryngology literature. Trigeminal trophic syndrome classically presents with a triad of symptoms: trigeminal anesthesia, facial paresthesias, and crescent-shaped ulceration of the lateral nasal ala. The patient discussed in this report had a self-induced, waxing and waning ulceration of the frontal scalp for 7 years and was evaluated and treated ineffectively by multiple physicians, including otolaryngologists, before TTS was diagnosed and a targeted treatment was initiated. Although extranasal presentation is uncommon, this condition must be considered when ulcers are encountered in the trigeminal dermatome. This case highlights the variability in presentation and the importance of awareness of this rare syndrome. We aim to facilitate more prompt diagnosis and expedite the initiation of appropriate treatment for TTS in the field of otolaryngology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Bradburn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dirk Elston
- Department of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alexander W Murphey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Krishna G Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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