A tale of subcutaneous nodules, broad thumbs, supernumerary teeth, and intellectual disability in a patient

Dermotoscope assisted diagnosis of adolescent bullous pilomatricoma: six case reports

BACKGROUND

Pilomatricoma (PM) is a cutaneous benign neoplasm derived from the hair matrix. It clinically presents as a solitary and firm nodule overlying normal epidermis and is usually not easy to be noticed at early stage. Nevertheless, when special bullous lesion occurs in a short time or even ulcerates, preoperative diagnosis by a dermatologist is often challenging especially when the pediatric patients refuse biopsy.

CASE PRESENTATION

We present six bullous PM cases and particularly conduct correlation analysis on the dermotoscopy and histopathology detection data. The basic information, medical history, symptoms and lesion morphology results of the patients were also provided. We found that the incidence of bullous PM was higher in females than in males, and most patients were adolescents and the predilection location seem to be consistent in the vaccine injection site. The dermatoscopic features of bullous PM reported were luminous yellow structure below, with gray-blue homogeneous areas and branched capillary. The histological features were consistent with PM, and evident epidermis bullae were above the tumor with extraordinary dilation of lymphangion in the upper dermis. The patients described in this study were Chinese patients in Han population included 4 females and 2 males, coincidentally, they are almost teen-age, respectively are 5,11,17,19,21,22 year-old.

CONCLUSIONS

This study reported and analyzed the dermotoscopy and clinical characteristics of bullous PM, dermotoscopy may guide as a rapid and reliable technique in bullous PM diagnosis.

Genodermatoses with teeth abnormalities

Many genodermatoses exhibit abnormal teeth findings. Studies examining these entities are scarce and narrow in their scope. This paper reviews the evolution, development, and structure of the tooth and provides a summary of genodermatoses with aberrant dental findings. The latter are classified according to the abnormal dental findings: periodontal disease, anodontia/oligodontia/hypodontia, polydontia, enamel hypoplasia, natal teeth, dental pits, and others. Finally, we provide an algorithm that dermatologists and dentists can follow to better recognize genodermatoses with dental involvement.