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Pietkiewicz P, Korecka K, Salwowska N, Kohut I, Adhikari A, Bowszyc-Dmochowska M, Pogorzelska-Antkowiak A, Navarrete-Dechent C. Porokeratoses-A Comprehensive Review on the Genetics and Metabolomics, Imaging Methods and Management of Common Clinical Variants. Metabolites 2023; 13:1176. [PMID: 38132857 PMCID: PMC10744643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porokeratosis is a heterogeneous group of keratinising disorders characterised by the presence of particular microscopic structural changes, namely the presence of the cornoid lamella. This structure develops as a consequence of a defective isoprenoid pathway, critical for cholesterol synthesis. Commonly recognised variants include disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, disseminated superficial porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, palmoplantar porokeratosis (including porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata and punctate porokeratosis), linear porokeratosis, verrucous porokeratosis (also known as genitogluteal porokeratosis), follicular porokeratosis and porokeratoma. Apart from the clinical presentation and epidemiology of each variant listed, this review aims at providing up-to-date information on the precise genetic background, introduces imaging methods facilitating the diagnosis (conventional and ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and pathology), discusses their oncogenic potential and reviews the literature data on the efficacy of the treatment used, including the drugs directly targeting the isoprenoid-mevalonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- Dermatology Private Practice, 61-683 Poznan, Poland
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Korecka
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Salwowska
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, 61-683 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.); (N.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ihor Kohut
- Skin Health Center, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine;
| | | | - Monika Bowszyc-Dmochowska
- Cutaneous Histopathology and Immunopathology Section, Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
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Magalhães C, Costa M, Campainha S, Coelho A, César A. Histopathologic findings of drug-induced eruptive porokeratosis under nivolumab therapy. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:298-300. [PMID: 36515632 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César Magalhães
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal
| | - Miguel Costa
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Campainha
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal
| | - André Coelho
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP) - UNILABS, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur César
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Portugal
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Zhang J, Zhang P, Xu QY, Zhu YT, Chen W, Ji C. Pembrolizumab associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome with porokeratosis in a patient in the setting of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 63:e71-e74. [PMID: 34463968 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pembrolizumab is a humanised therapeutic antibody against the PD-1 receptor. It has been used in various advanced cancer immunotherapies. Here, we report an extremely rare case of a 32-year-old man who developed Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) with porokeratosis simultaneously during pembrolizumab treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (T3N1M1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Lu JD, Mufti A, Sachdeva M, Rahat S, Lansang RP, Yeung J. Drugs associated with development of porokeratosis: A systematic review. Dermatol Ther 2020; 34:e14560. [PMID: 33210788 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Porokeratosis is a rare disorder characterized by atrophic macules or patches, with a well-defined ridge-like hyperkeratotic border called cornoid lamella. Although the exact pathogenesis is unknown, drug associated cases have recently been reported in the literature. As such, we systematically reviewed and identified drugs associated with drug-induced porokeratosis, their resultant effects, and whether there was a casual relationship between the use of a drug and the development of porokeratosis. We searched for articles which reported drug-induced porokeratosis in MEDLINE and Embase in June 2020. After full-text review, 25 studies were included for analysis. We identified 26 patients with drug-induced porokeratosis. The most common therapies associated with development of porokeratosis is biologic use, phototherapy, and radiotherapy. The most common clinical variants were the disseminated superficial or actinic types (60%), which occurred in psoriasis patients undergoing phototherapy, and eruptive disseminated type (24%) which occurred in the context of biologic therapies. The Naranjo score ranged from possible to probable for the identified treatments. Clinicians should consider drug reactions as possible triggering events for porokeratosis, especially for patients taking biologics, phototherapy, and radiotherapy. Large-scale studies are required to confirm our findings and further explore the pathogenesis for drug-induced porokeratosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Lu
- Faculty of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asfandyar Mufti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muskaan Sachdeva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahmina Rahat
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jensen Yeung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Probity Medical Research Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Maredia H, Simkin D, Soni A, Loss MJ. Eruptive porokeratosis during pembrolizumab treatment of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2019; 59:e141-e142. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Maredia
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Daren Simkin
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Abha Soni
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Manisha J. Loss
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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