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Colautti A, Ginaldi F, Camprini L, Comi G, Reale A, Iacumin L. Investigating Safety and Technological Traits of a Leading Probiotic Species: Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Nutrients 2024; 16:2212. [PMID: 39064654 PMCID: PMC11280365 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus spp. are genetically close lactic acid bacteria species widely used in fermented products for their technological properties as well as their proven beneficial effects on human and animal health. This study, the first to include such a large collection of heterogeneous isolates (121) obtained from international collections belonging to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, aimed to characterize the safety traits and technological properties of this important probiotic species, also making comparisons with other genetically related species, such as Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lacticaseibacillus zeae. These strains were isolated from a variety of heterogeneous sources, including dairy products, sourdoughs, wine, must, and human body excreta. After a preliminary molecular characterization using repetitive element palindromic PCR (Rep-PCR), Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and Sau-PCR, particular attention was paid to safety traits, evaluating antibiotic resistance profiles, biogenic amine (BA) production, the presence of genes related to the production of ethyl carbamate and diaminobenzidine (DAB), and multicopper oxidase activity (MCO). The technological characteristics of the strains, such as the capability to grow at different NaCl and ethanol concentrations and different pH values, were also investigated, as well as the production of bacteriocins. From the obtained results, it was observed that strains isolated from the same type of matrix often shared similar genetic characteristics. However, phenotypic traits were strain-specific. This underscored the vast potential of the different strains to be used for various purposes, from probiotics to bioprotective and starter cultures for food and feed production, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive evaluations to identify the most suitable strain for each purpose with the final aim of promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colautti
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy (G.C.)
| | - Federica Ginaldi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Camprini
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Comi
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy (G.C.)
| | - Anna Reale
- Institute of Food Science (ISA), National Research Council, Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Lucilla Iacumin
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy (G.C.)
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Zhou K, Zhang X, Li B, Shen C, Sun YM, Yang J, Xu ZL. Citrulline Accumulation Mechanism of Pediococcus acidilactici and Weissella confusa in Soy Sauce and the Effects of Phenolic Compound on Citrulline Accumulation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:757542. [PMID: 34925267 PMCID: PMC8678507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.757542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrulline is one of the major precursors of ethyl carbamate in soy sauce, and the accumulation of citrulline is attributed to the metabolism of arginine by bacteria with the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway. However, key strains and factors affecting citrulline accumulation are not yet clear. In this study, two key strains of Pediococcus acidilactici and Weissella confusa were isolated from soy sauce moromi, and the regularity of citrulline formation was studied. Results showed that the conversion rates from arginine to citrulline (A/C rate) and the citrulline accumulation ability of W. confusa and P. acidilactici significantly increased in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl, indicating that salt stress was the main factor for citrulline accumulation. The inconsistent expression of arc genes by salt stress was the reason for citrulline accumulation for P. acidilactici, but for W. confusa, it may be due to the influence of arginine/citrulline on the transportation system: the intracellular citrulline could neither transport to extracellular space nor convert into ornithine. Environmental factors greatly influenced citrulline accumulation of the two key bacteria; A/C rate and citrulline formation in both strains decreased at low temperature (15°C) under high salt stress, but opposite effects were observed for the two key strains under anaerobic light condition. Moreover, quercetin and gallic acid significantly decreased the A/C rate and citrulline accumulation ability of the two key strains. The optimal quercetin and gallic acid as suggested by simulation experiment were 100 and 10 mg/l, respectively, and the lowest A/C rate of 28.4% and citrulline level of 1326.7 mg/l were achieved in the simulation system. This study explored the main factors for citrulline formation by the two key strains and proposed a targeted way to control citrulline in soy sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Production-Learning-Research, Shenzhen Total-Test Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Bingyong Li
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Chaoqun Shen
- Department of Production-Learning-Research, Shenzhen Total-Test Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil-Tea Camellia, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou W, Shu Q, Zhang X, Chen Q. Application of mixed-culture with Lactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Chinese yellow rice wine brewing for ethyl carbamate regulation. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fang R, Chandra Syahputra J, Airhunmwunde O, Wu Y, Lv C, Huang J, Xiao G, Chen Q. Improving the enzyme property of ornithine transcarbamylase from Lactobacillus brevis through site-directed mutation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Application of bamboo leaves extract to Chinese yellow rice wine brewing for ethyl carbamate regulation and its mitigation mechanism. Food Chem 2020; 319:126554. [PMID: 32169766 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bamboo leaves extract (BLE) contains various effective ingredients, including phenolic compounds. In this study, the effect of BLE on ethyl carbamate (EC) formation was investigated in Chinese yellow rice wine brewing with three different fermentation starters (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus brevis, and Chinese yeast). As a result, BLE showed significant inhibition effect on EC in multi-microbial fermented rice wine, by preventing the reactions between urea/citrulline and ethanol. We found that BLE had influence on arginine transport (GAP1, CAN1, ALP1, and VBA2 gene) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), which significantly up-regulated arginine uptake gene expression in vacuole (VBA2 gene) so that inhibited arginine metabolism. Besides, the presence of BLE could improve the overall quality of Chinese yellow rice wine. Consequently, it was worthwhile applying BLE to Chinese rice wine fermentation, especially the wine brewing with S. cerevisiae and Lactobacillus brevis starter.
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Fang R, Zhou W, Chen Q. Ethyl carbamate regulation and genomic expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during mixed-culture yellow rice wine fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. Food Chem 2019; 292:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Quantitative strategies for detecting different levels of ethyl carbamate (EC) in various fermented food matrices: An overview. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Du H, Song Z, Xu Y. Ethyl Carbamate Formation Regulated by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Nonconventional Yeasts in Solid-State Fermentation of Chinese Moutai-Flavor Liquor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:387-392. [PMID: 29232952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify specific microorganisms related to the formation of precursors of EC (ethyl carbamate) in the solid-state fermentation of Chinese Moutai-flavor liquor. The EC content was significantly correlated with the urea content during the fermentation process (R2 = 0.772, P < 0.01). Differences in urea production and degradation were found at both species and functional gene levels by metatranscriptomic sequencing and culture-dependent analysis. Lactobacillus spp. could competitively degrade arginine through the arginine deiminase pathway with yeasts, and most Lactobacillus species were capable of degrading urea. Some dominant nonconventional yeasts, such as Pichia, Schizosaccharomyces, and Zygosaccharomyces species, were shown to produce low amounts of urea relative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, unusual urea degradation pathways (urea carboxylase, allophanate hydrolase, and ATP-independent urease) were identified. Our results indicate that EC precursor levels in the solid-state fermentation can be controlled using lactic acid bacteria and nonconventional yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Du
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhewei Song
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Formation of ethyl carbamate in Goji wines: Effect of Goji fruit composition. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:921-927. [PMID: 30263355 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a multisite carcinogen widely occurring in alcoholic beverages. In this investigation, solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry was employed to determine EC contents during the fermentation and storage processes, and the effects of Goji varieties on its formation were also examined. The results indicated that natural and potential EC contents were significantly affected by the varied composition of Goji fruits. The analysis of chemical properties showed differences in hundred-grain weight, water contents, amino acids, and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio for Goji berries. Citrulline was completely degraded although it is routinely considered as a non-preferred nitrogen for yeasts. Due to compositional differences, Goji wines accumulated distinct urea levels that positively correlated with the potential EC contents. Furthermore, the temperature in both the production processes highly influenced EC formation. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of EC formation, and in turn, controlling EC in the Goji wine matrix.
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Xu E, Wu Z, Wang F, Long J, Xu X, Jin Z, Jiao A. Effect of ‘wheat Qu’ addition on the formation of ethyl carbamate in Chinese rice wine with enzymatic extrusion liquefaction pretreatment. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhengzong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xueming Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Aiquan Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
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Fang RS, Dong YC, Chen F, Chen QH. Bacterial Diversity Analysis during the Fermentation Processing of Traditional Chinese Yellow Rice Wine Revealed by 16S rDNA 454 Pyrosequencing. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M2265-71. [PMID: 26409170 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice wine is a traditional Chinese fermented alcohol drink. Spontaneous fermentation with the use of the Chinese starter and wheat Qu lead to the growth of various microorganisms during the complete brewing process. It's of great importance to fully understand the composition of bacteria diversity in rice wine in order to improve the quality and solve safety problems. In this study, a more comprehensive bacterial description was shown with the use of bacteria diversity analysis, which enabled us to have a better understanding. Rarefaction, rank abundance, alpha Diversity, beta diversity and principal coordinates analysis simplified their complex bacteria components and provide us theoretical foundation for further investigation. It has been found bacteria diversity is more abundant at mid-term and later stage of brewing process. Bacteria community analysis reveals there is a potential safety hazard existing in the fermentation, since most of the sequence reads are assigned to Enterobacter (7900 at most) and Pantoea (7336 at most), followed by Staphylococcus (2796 at most) and Pseudomonas (1681 at most). Lactic acid bacteria are rare throughout the fermentation process which is not in accordance with other reports. This work may offer us an opportunity to investigate micro ecological fermentation system in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-si Fang
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ya-chen Dong
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi-he Chen
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson Univ, S.C, 29634, U.S.A
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Fang RS, Dong YC, Li HJ, Chen QH. Ethyl carbamate formation regulated bySaccharomyces cerevisiaeZJU in the processing of Chinese yellow rice wine. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Si Fang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Yuhangtang Rd.866 Hangzhou 310058 China
- Food Microbiology Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ya-Chen Dong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Yuhangtang Rd.866 Hangzhou 310058 China
- Food Microbiology Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hong-Ji Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Yuhangtang Rd.866 Hangzhou 310058 China
- Food Microbiology Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Qi-He Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang University; Yuhangtang Rd.866 Hangzhou 310058 China
- Food Microbiology Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou 310058 China
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