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Reichert B, Pizzutti IR, Jänisch BD, Zorzella Fontana ME. Improving analytical performance for pesticides and mycotoxins determination in Brazilian table olives: one extraction and one analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4124-4135. [PMID: 38860427 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes an extensive study in which a multiclass QuEChERS based approach was optimized for determination of 150 pesticides and 7 mycotoxins in table olives. Three versions of QuEChERS were evaluated and compared (unbuffered, citrate and acetate buffering). A combination of EMR-Lipid cartridges and liquid nitrogen or freezer freezing out were tested for clean-up of the oily olive extracts. Analysis of the extracts were performed by LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole. The best results were achieved using acetate QuEChERS with liquid nitrogen for clean-up. For validation, organic olives were ground and spiked at 4 concentrations with pesticides and mycotoxins (n = 5). The linearity of the calibration curves was assessed by analyzing calibration standards of 7 concentrations which were prepared separately in acetonitrile and in blank olive extract (n = 5). The validation study demonstrated that the calculated r2 was ≥0.99 for 144 pesticides and 6 mycotoxins, when the calibration curves were prepared in matrix extract, showing satisfactory linearity. Matrix effects were within the range of ±20% for only 46 pesticides and one mycotoxin. Then, to ensure reliable quantification, calibration standards had to be matrix-matched. In accuracy experiments 138 pesticides and 6 mycotoxins presented recoveries from 70 to 120% and RSD ≤ 20% for at least 2 of the 4 spike concentrations evaluated, being successfully validated. The integrated QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS method meet MRL for 11 of the 21 pesticides regulated for olives in Brazil and for 132 pesticides which are regulated in the EU law. Eleven commercial table olive samples were analyzed and 4 of them tested positive for pesticides. All the positive samples violate the Brazilian law and one sample violates also the European law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Reichert
- HUSM - University Hospital of Santa Maria, Pharmacy Sector (SFH), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ionara Regina Pizzutti
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Daiana Jänisch
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Marlos Eduardo Zorzella Fontana
- UFSM - Federal University of Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Center of Research and Analysis of Residues and Contaminants (CEPARC), 1000 Roraima Ave, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Safety assessment of citrus and olive by-products using a sustainable methodology based on natural deep eutectic solvents. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1669:462922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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López-Ruiz R, Marín-Sáez J, Prestes OD, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Critical Evaluation of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Anthropogenic Organic Contaminants in Edible Oils: An Overview of the Last Five Years. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1733-1747. [PMID: 35175888 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic contaminants, as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monochloropropanediols (MCPDs), have become important to be controlled in edible oils, since their regular occurrence. In fact, alerts from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) in oils normally include these compounds. From a critical point of view, tools used to control these compounds in the last 5 years will be discussed, including sample preparation, analysis and current regulations. Extraction and analysis methods will be discussed next, being liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and QuEChERS, with or without clean-up step, as well as chromatographic methods coupled to different analyzers (mainly mass spectrometry), the most commonly used for extraction and analysis respectively. Occurrence in samples will also be reviewed and compared with the legal maximum residue limits (MRLs), observing that 4%, 20% and 60% of the analyzed samples exceed the legal limits for pesticides, MCPDs and PAHs respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jesús Marín-Sáez
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Osmar D Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
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Belarbi S, Vivier M, Zaghouani W, De Sloovere A, Agasse V, Cardinael P. Comparison of Different d-SPE Sorbent Performances Based on Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) Methodology for Multiresidue Pesticide Analyses in Rapeseeds. Molecules 2021; 26:6727. [PMID: 34771135 PMCID: PMC8588138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide extraction in rapeseed samples remains a great analytical challenge due to the complexity of the matrix, which contains proteins, fatty acids, high amounts of triglycerides and cellulosic fibers. An HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of 179 pesticides in rapeseeds. The performances of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method were evaluated using different dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) sorbents containing common octadecylsilane silica/primary-secondary amine adsorbent (PSA/C18) and new commercialized d-SPE materials dedicated to fatty matrices (Z-Sep, Z-Sep+, and EMR-Lipid). The analytical performances of these different sorbents were compared according to the SANTE/12682/2019 document. The best results were obtained using EMR-Lipid in terms of pesticide average recoveries (103 and 70 of the 179 targeted pesticides exhibited recoveries within 70-120% and 30-70%, respectively, with low RSD values). Moreover, the limits of quantification (LOQ) range from 1.72 µg/kg to 6.39 µg/kg for 173 of the pesticides. Only the recovery for tralkoxydim at 10 μg/kg level was not satisfactory (29%). The matrix effect was evaluated and proved to be limited between -50% and 50% for 169 pesticides with this EMR-Lipid and freezing. GC-Orbitrap analyses confirmed the best efficiency of the EMR-Lipid sorbent for the purification of rapeseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Belarbi
- Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Normandie University, FR3038 INC3M, Unirouen, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- SGS France Laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, BP 90014, F-76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France; (M.V.); (W.Z.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Martin Vivier
- SGS France Laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, BP 90014, F-76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France; (M.V.); (W.Z.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Wafa Zaghouani
- SGS France Laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, BP 90014, F-76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France; (M.V.); (W.Z.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Aude De Sloovere
- SGS France Laboratoire de Rouen, Technopôle du Madrillet, 65 Avenue Ettore Bugatti, BP 90014, F-76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France; (M.V.); (W.Z.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Valerie Agasse
- Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Normandie University, FR3038 INC3M, Unirouen, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Pascal Cardinael
- Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Normandie University, FR3038 INC3M, Unirouen, Place Emile Blondel, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
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Madej K, Kalenik TK, Piekoszewski W. Sample preparation and determination of pesticides in fat-containing foods. Food Chem 2018; 269:527-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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A Comparison between Organic and Conventional Olive Farming in Messenia, Greece. HORTICULTURAE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae4030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parrilla Vázquez P, Hakme E, Uclés S, Cutillas V, Martínez Galera M, Mughari A, Fernández-Alba A. Large multiresidue analysis of pesticides in edible vegetable oils by using efficient solid-phase extraction sorbents based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe methodology followed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1463:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Wan Y, Guo L, Wan X. Fast and effective low-temperature freezing extraction technique to determine organotin compounds in edible vegetable oil. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2380-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Lan Guo
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Xiaofen Wan
- Center of Analysis and Testing; Nanchang University; Nanchang P. R. China
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