Assessing the effectiveness of colloidal microcrystalline cellulose as a suspending agent for black and white liquid dyes

Effects of different mechanical processes on the structural and powdery properties of insoluble undenatured type II collagen

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dynamic high-pressure homogenization (DHPH), dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM), and wet media milling (WMM) processes on the particle size, microstructure, triple helix structure, wettability and suspension stability of insoluble undenatured type II collagen (IUC-II). The structural and powdery properties were regulated by different processes and parameters. By contrast, WMM-treated IUC-II showed smallest particle size (15.70 μm), highest wetting rate (216.94 mm/h) and best suspension stability. However, individual mechanical processes caused partial disruption of IUC-II triple helix structure. Low-acyl gellan gum (LAGG) could bind to IUC-II through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which protected the triple helix structure and further enhanced powdery properties of IUC-II treated by WMM process, but restrained the soluble transition during digestion. These results demonstrated that WMM process was more suitable for enhancing powdery properties of IUC-II, while the triple helix structure of IUC-II could be effectively protected by LAGG.

Application of Optical and Rheological Techniques in Quality and Storage Assessment of the Newly Developed Colloidal-Suspension Products: Yogurt-Type Bean-Based Beverages

The objectives of this study were to compare the properties of the yogurt-type bean-based beverages B and BG produced from the nongerminated and germinated beans, respectively, by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and fermentation with three starter cultures. Optical techniques were used to evaluate the particle size distribution (PSD), color parameters, and instability during storage, while rheological tests were used to evaluate the shear viscosity, flow behavior, and viscoelastic properties. The BG compared to B, irrespective of the starter culture used, showed a higher mean diameter and Span of PSD (d_4,3 ≈ 76.8-84.2, Span ≈ 2.24-2.35 for BG vs. d_4,3 ≈ 38.2-47.0, Span ≈ 1.90-2.00 for B). The BG vs. B showed lower viscosity (0.47 Pa·s for BG vs. 0.81 Pa·s for B at shear rate 75 s^-1) and slightly lower but satisfactory stability (after 21 days at 6 °C, the Turbiscan Stability Index TSI ≈ 1.3-2.0 for BG vs. TSI ≈ 0.6-0.9 for B). Both B and BG were characterized by light-yellow color and showed the characteristics of a viscoelastic fluid. The HPH and germination mainly affected the properties of the tested plant tissue, which has a direct impact on the properties of the final products.