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Panwar A, Kumar V, Dhiman A, Thakur P, Sharma V, Sharma A, Kumar S. Nanoemulsion based edible coatings for quality retention of fruits and vegetables-decoding the basics and advancements in last decade. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117450. [PMID: 37875173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables (F&V) are highly perishable and have important contributions to nutritional and economic sustainability. Although the developing nations have shown an immense increase in the production of horticultural commodities, the post-harvest losses are significant and have an adverse impact on the resources, economy, and environment as well. Nanoemulsion-based carriers are recognized for their diversity, natural origin, and immense potential to restrict losses while boosting the functional attributes of produce. The recent findings attest to nanoemulsions potential for extending the shelf life, managing quality, and reducing the losses of the perishables for sustainable livelihood of the farmers. However, further studies are required to evaluate the biological fate, safety, or potential toxicity of the nanoemulsion-based edible coatings. This review precisely focuses on various matrices used in the production of nanoemulsions, fabrication methods, characterization techniques, and the use of natural emulsifiers instead of chemicals. The future research focus stresses on developing low-cost fabrication techniques for nanoemulsion, improvement of the transmission properties i. e gas transmission rate (GTR), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and enhancing the performance of monolayer, bilayer, and other composite nanoemulsion base films. This beyond reducing the postharvest losses shall also restrict burden of the food waste management and related environmental issues at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Panwar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP, 173230, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Atul Dhiman
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Punjab, 141027, India
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP, 173230, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan (HP), 173229, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Career Point University Hamirpur, Hamirpur, HP, 176041, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan HP, 173230, India.
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Yaashikaa PR, Kamalesh R, Senthil Kumar P, Saravanan A, Vijayasri K, Rangasamy G. Recent advances in edible coatings and their application in food packaging. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113366. [PMID: 37803705 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The food packaging industries are facing the challenge of food waste generation. This can be addressed through the use of edible coating materials. These coatings aid in extending the shelf life of food products, reducing waste. The key components of these coatings include food-grade binding agents, solvents, and fillers. The integration of polysaccharide, protein, lipids, bioactive and composite-based materials with edible coating matrix aids to combat substantial post-harvest loss of highly perishable commodities and elevates the quality of minimally processed food. The aim of this review is to introduce the concept of edible coatings and discuss the different coating materials used in the food industry, along with their properties. Additionally, this review aims to classify the coating types based on characteristic features and explore their application in various food processing industries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of edible coatings, including the integration of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, bioactive, and composite-based materials into the coating matrix. This review also addresses the significant post-harvest loss of highly perishable commodities and emphasizes the enhancement of quality in minimally processed food. Furthermore, the antimicrobial, anti-corrosive, and edible characteristics are highlighted, showcasing their potential applications in different food packaging industries. Moreover, it also discusses the challenges, safety and regulatory aspects, current trends, and future perspectives, aiming to shed light on the commercialization and future investigation of edible coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602195, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kamalesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602195, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602195, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Vijayasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Food Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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Koushesh Saba M, Darvishi H, Zarei L, Sogvar OB. Shelf-life enhancement and microbial load reduction of fresh-cut apple using ascorbic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose coating combined with ultrasound treatment. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231206415. [PMID: 37801509 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231206415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The shelf-life of fresh-cut apples is limited because of their high water loss, deterioration rate, and surface browning. In this research, the effects of ultrasonic, ultrasonic + carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1% coatings, ultrasonic + ascorbic acid (AA) 2%, and combination of ultrasonic + AA 2% and CMC 1% on fresh-cut apples were studied. Physicochemical, antioxidant properties, and microbial stability of ready to eat treated fresh-cut apple was investigated during storage at 4 °C for 12 days. Results showed that the treated fresh-cut had less changes of L*, flesh firmness, soluble solid content, and titratable acidity than that of untreated. Vitamin C, total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity were greater in treated fresh-cut apple than that of untreated ones. Ultrasonic application mostly declined polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity changes. The combined treatment of ultrasonic + AA 2% + CMC 1% had the greatest impact on reducing microbial load among the treatments. These results revealed that the simultaneous application of ultrasonic and AA followed by CMC coating might have the potential to be used in minimally processed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Koushesh Saba
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hosain Darvishi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Lolav Zarei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ommol Banin Sogvar
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Bhat SA, Rizwan D, Mir SA, Wani SM, Masoodi FA. Advances in apple packaging: a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1847-1859. [PMID: 37206415 PMCID: PMC10188779 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) belongs to the family Rosaceae. It is one of the most commonly cultivated fruit in all temperate zones of the world and holds an equally important place in the global economy. Apple is a climacteric fruit and undergoes metabolic changes even after the harvest and thus prone to post-harvest losses. The packaging of apples plays an important role in extending the shelf life of the apples and also maintains the quality during distribution and transport. The prime role of packaging is to contain the food commodity and protect the enclosed product from external damage. But other functions such as traceability, convenience and temper evidence are of secondary importance. Different packaging techniques are employed for the packaging of apples which include both conventional (wooden boxes, corrugated fiber boxes, crates) and non-conventional packaging like modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), active packaging, edible coatings, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Aziz Bhat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Danish Rizwan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Shoib Mohmad Wani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - F. A. Masoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
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Magri A, Rega P, Capriolo G, Petriccione M. Impact of Novel Active Layer-by-Layer Edible Coating on the Qualitative and Biochemical Traits of Minimally Processed 'Annurca Rossa del Sud' Apple Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098315. [PMID: 37176023 PMCID: PMC10179199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The color changes brought on by the enzymatic interactions of phenolic compounds with released endogenous polyphenol oxidase and the penetration of oxygen into the tissue has a significant impact on the commercialization of fresh-cut fruit, such as apples. This process causes a loss of quality in fresh-cut apples, resulting in browning of the fruit surface. By acting as a semipermeable barrier to gases and water vapor and thus lowering respiration, enzymatic browning, and water loss, edible coatings can provide a chance to increase the shelf life of fresh-cut produce. In this study, the effect of edible coatings composed of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, 1%), sodium alginate (SA, 1%), citric acid (CA, 1%), and oxalic acid (OA, 0.5%) on fresh-cut 'Annurca Rossa del Sud' apple was studied. Four formulations of edible coatings, A. SA+CMC, B. SA+CMC+CA, C. SA+CMC+OA, and D. SA+CMC+CA+OA, were tested. Fresh-cut apples were dipped into different solutions and then stored at 4 °C, and physicochemical and biochemical analyses were performed at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days of storage. Results demonstrated that all four combinations improved the shelf-life of fresh-cut apple by slowing down the qualitative postharvest decay, total soluble solid, and titratable acidity. The browning index was highest in the control samples (82%), followed by CMC+SA (53%), CMC+SA+CA (32%), CMC+SA+OA (22%), and finally CMC+SA+CA+OA (7%) after 12 days of cold storage. Furthermore, coating application increased the bioactive compound content and antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the synergistic activity of SA+CMC+CA+OA reduces enzymatic browning, prolonging the postharvest life of minimally processed 'Annurca Rossa del Sud' apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Magri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Rega
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capriolo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruits and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Firdous N, Moradinezhad F, Farooq F, Dorostkar M. Advances in formulation, functionality, and application of edible coatings on fresh produce and fresh-cut products: A review. Food Chem 2023; 407:135186. [PMID: 36525802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing population of the world food demand is also increasing but unfortunately, many countries in the world are lacking suitable and economical postharvest preservation techniques to minimize increasing postharvest losses. To ensure food security advanced production technologies, distribution systems and minimum losses should be ensured to give accessibility of food to all population groups. Innovative preservation techniques should be adopted by the agriculture sector to meet intercontinental distribution and demand for fresh produce. The application of the edible coating is a novel technique in postharvest preservation due to its simple application, ecofriendly nature, and effectiveness. Edible coatings can also improve the quality and safety aspects of fresh produce and thus extends shelf life. This review aimed to update information about recent advances in edible coating formulation and application mainly on fresh-cut /minimally processed fruits and vegetables. This information will be helpful for processors to select the best coating material and its effective concentration for different fresh and minimal processed vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Firdous
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farid Moradinezhad
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Fatima Farooq
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Dorostkar
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Cinnamon: An antimicrobial ingredient for active packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bio-based polymer films with potential for packaging applications: a systematic review of the main types tested on food. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lv L, Jin Y, Yang N, Zhang L, Cui B, Xu X, Jin Z. Effect of alternating magnetic field on the quality of fresh‐cut apples in cold storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Yamei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Lingtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Acadamy of Science Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xueming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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Adhikari M, Koirala S, Anal AK. Edible multilayer coating using electrostatic layer‐by‐layer deposition of chitosan and pectin enhances shelf life of fresh strawberries. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manita Adhikari
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology Academic Program Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources School of Environment, Resources, and Development Asian Institute of Technology P.O Box 4 Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Sushil Koirala
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology Academic Program Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources School of Environment, Resources, and Development Asian Institute of Technology P.O Box 4 Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
- Food Innovation, Nutrition, and Health Academic Program Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources School of Environment, Resources, and Development Asian Institute of Technology P.O Box 4 Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Anil Kumar Anal
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology Academic Program Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources School of Environment, Resources, and Development Asian Institute of Technology P.O Box 4 Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
- Food Innovation, Nutrition, and Health Academic Program Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources School of Environment, Resources, and Development Asian Institute of Technology P.O Box 4 Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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Reis CA, Júnior MG, Moreira FKV, Marconcini JM, Vaz LEVDSB. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites for application as edible coating. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 29:25-39. [PMID: 34756149 DOI: 10.1177/10820132211057718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Edible coating can improve fruits shelf life and, consequently, reduce their waste. Chitosan, which presents a potential for chemical modifications and capacity to form films, can be an alternative for coating due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. Chitosan film can be obtained through casting method presenting suitable mechanical properties, such as resistance to traction and elongation, ability to adhere to surfaces and selective permeability to gases, such as O2 and CO2. However, it is highly permeable to water vapor, which can limit its potential coating use. The properties of chitosan films can be improved through the formation of composites by inserting nanoclays as montmorillonite in the polymeric matrix. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites for fruit coating aiming for future applications in the field of smart packaging. Nanocomposites were characterized by its microstructure, thermal, mechanical, and physicochemical properties. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated changes in crystallinity with the insertion of montmorillonite. Nanocomposites became more transparent and significantly reduced its water permeability rate with 0.5% w/w montmorillonite addition. Elastic rigidity and tensile strength of the films were improved. Chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites demonstrated the potential to improve the storage time of Williams pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camily Aparecida Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Biomateriais, 67739Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Guimarães Júnior
- Departamento de Eletromecânica, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Araxá, MG, Brazil
| | | | - José Manoel Marconcini
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNA), 564899Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Biomateriais, 67739Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Engenharia, Escola de Engenharia, 67739Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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