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Rathnakumar K, Kalaivendan RGT, Eazhumalai G, Raja Charles AP, Verma P, Rustagi S, Bharti S, Kothakota A, Siddiqui SA, Manuel Lorenzo J, Pandiselvam R. Applications of ultrasonication on food enzyme inactivation- recent review report (2017-2022). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 96:106407. [PMID: 37121169 PMCID: PMC10173006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound processing has been widely applied in food sector for various applications such as decontamination and structural and functional components modifications in food. Enzymes are proteinaceous in nature and are widely used due to its catalytic activity. To mitigate the undesirable effects caused by the enzymes various technologies have been utilized to inactive the enzymes and improve the enzyme efficiency. Ultrasound is an emerging technology that produces acoustic waves which causes rapid formation and collapse of bubbles. It has the capacity to break the hydrogen bonds and interact with the polypeptide chains due to Vander Waals forces leading to the alteration of the secondary and tertiary structure of the enzymes thereby leading to loss in their biological activity. US effectively inactivates various dairy-related enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) with increased US intensity and time without affecting the natural dairy flavors. The review also demonstrates that inactivation of enzymes presents in fruit and vegetables such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), polygalacturonase (PG), Pectin methyl esterase (PME), and peroxidase. The presence of the enzymes causes detrimental effects causes off-flavors, off-colors, cloudiness, reduction in viscosity of juices, therefore the formation of high-energy free molecules during sonication affects the catalytic function of enzymes and thereby causing inactivation. Therefore this manuscript elucidates the recent advances made in the inactivation of common, enzymes infruits, vegetables and dairy products by the application of ultrasound and also explains the enzyme inactivation kinetics associated. Further this manuscript also discusses the ultrasound with other combined technologies, mechanisms, and its effects on the enzyme inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaavya Rathnakumar
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53707, WI, the United States of America
| | - Ranjitha Gracy T Kalaivendan
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Gunaseelan Eazhumalai
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Anto Pradeep Raja Charles
- Food Ingredients and Biopolymer Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, the United States of America
| | - Pratishtha Verma
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings - 57007, SD, the United States of America
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sweety Bharti
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany; German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straβe 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, Avd. Galicia N° 4, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - R Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod 671124, Kerala, India.
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Arnold M, Gramza-Michałowska A. Enzymatic browning in apple products and its inhibition treatments: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:5038-5076. [PMID: 36301625 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) is widely consumed by consumers from various regions. It contains a high number of phenolic compounds (majorly hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity, which are beneficial for human health. The trends on healthy and fresh food have driven the food industry to produce minimally processed apple, such as fresh-cut, puree, juice, and so on without degrading the quality of products. Enzymatic browning is one of the problems found in minimally processed apple as it causes the undesirable dark color as well as the degradation of phenolics and antioxidant activity, which then reduces the health benefits of apple. Proper inhibition is needed to maintain the quality of minimally processed apple with minimal changes in sensory properties. This review summarizes the inhibition of enzymatic browning of apple products based on recent studies using the conventional and nonconventional processing, as well as using synthetic and natural antibrowning agents. Nonconventional processing and the use of natural antibrowning agents can be used as promising treatments to prevent enzymatic browning in minimally processed apple products. Combination of 2-3 treatments can improve the effective inhibition of enzymatic browning. Further studies, such on as other potential natural antibrowning agents and their mechanisms of action, should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcellus Arnold
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Gramza-Michałowska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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