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Alonso Llorente A, Salgado Garrido J, Teijido Hermida Ó, González Andrade F, Valiente Martín A, Fanlo Villacampa AJ, Vicente Romero J. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 in ecuadorian population: An interethnic approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28566. [PMID: 38586400 PMCID: PMC10998100 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction CYP2C19 is a highly polymorphic gene responsible for metabolizing commonly used drugs. CYP2C19*2,*3 (loss of activity alleles) and *17 (increased activity allele) are the principal alleles included in clinical guidelines, however their prevalence varies among different ethnicities. Ecuadorian population is formed by Mestizos, Afrodescendants and Native Americans and frequency of CYP2C19 alleles could be different among them. The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of these variants in the different populations of Ecuador and to compare them with other populations. Materials and methods DNA from 105 Afrodescendants, 75 Native Americans of the Kichwa ethnicity, and 33 Mestizos Ecuadorians was analyzed by nested-PCR to identify CYP2C19*17 carriers. CYP2C19*2 allele was analyzed in DNA from 78 Afrodescendants, 29 Native Americans of the Kichwa, and 16 Mestizos by TaqMan Allelic Discrimination Assay. CYP2C19*3 was analyzed in 33 Afrodescendants by nested-PCR. Results The global frequencies of the alternate alleles were 14.22% (CYP2C19*2) and 2.10% (CYP2C19*17). No differences (p > 0.05) were observed among the subgroups. No CYP2C19*3 carrier was identified. CYP2C19*2 frequencies in Ecuador were similar to the ones reported in Europe, Africa and Middle East countries and to some American populations. Low CYP2C19*17 frequencies, like the ones in our population, were also observed in East and South Asia and in Native American groups. Discussion Absence of differences in the ethnic groups in Ecuador for CYP2C19*2 and *17 could be due to either a bias in sample selection (ethnic group was assed by self-identification) or to a high interethnic admixture in the Ecuadorian population that would had diluted genetic differences. In addition, CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17 alleles frequencies in our study suggest that Ecuadorians ancestry is mostly of Native American origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alonso Llorente
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
- IRBLleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida Fundació Dr. Pifarre, Lleida, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josefa Salgado Garrido
- Medical Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Óscar Teijido Hermida
- Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Julia Fanlo Villacampa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Jorge Vicente Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
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Zhang Y, Ran Q, Yin K, Wang Y, Liu J, Zong Y, Wang Y, Cao Y. The effects of CYP2C19 genotype polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance on ischemic event occurrence in patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing revascularization: A prospective cohort study. Thromb Res 2024; 236:37-50. [PMID: 38387302 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects approximately 236 million people worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between CYP2C19 genotype polymorphisms and clopidogrel resistance (CR) following revascularization in patients with PAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 345 patients who underwent PAD revascularization were monitored for five years and risk factors for ischemic events were identified. Platelet reactivity and CYP2C19 genotypes were measured, and patients were classified as normal, intermediate, or poor metabolizers based on their genotypes. The study endpoint was defined as an ischemic event, that encompassed major adverse cardiovascular or limb events, or all-cause death. RESULTS In this study, ischemic events following PAD revascularization were associated with patient age, prior minor amputation, the Rutherford category before revascularization, indications for revascularization, index ankle-branchial index before revascularization, CYP2C19 phenotypes, and CR. Intermediate and poor metabolism, the Rutherford category before revascularization, and CR were independent risk factors for ischemic events in patients after PAD revascularization. Similarly, intermediate and poor metabolism, the Rutherford category before revascularization, and CR were independent risk factors for ischemic events in patients with PAD after revascularization within five years. Intermediate and poor metabolizers had a higher platelet reactivity and risk of CR than normal metabolizers. However, poor metabolizers had a higher platelet reactivity and risk of CR than intermediate metabolizers. Furthermore, the hazard ratio for ischemic events increased with platelet reactivity. This effect was more prevalent in intermediate and poor metabolizers than in normal metabolizers. CONCLUSIONS Ischemic events in patients after PAD revascularization were affected by independent risk factors. Decreased clopidogrel metabolism increased the platelet reactivity and CR in patients after PAD revascularization. Furthermore, high platelet reactivity was associated with an increased risk of ischemic events in patients with intermediate and poor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhi Ran
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangli Yin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinkai Wang
- Rehabilitation Treatment Center, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xie J, Pan T, Luo W, Zhang S, Fang Y, Xu Z. CYP2C19 *2/*2 Genotype is a Risk Factor for Multi-Site Arteriosclerosis: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:5139-5146. [PMID: 37954650 PMCID: PMC10637229 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s437251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis usually affect multiple organs. Genetic factors have a certain proportion in the risk factors of atherosclerosis. The purpose was to investigate the relationship of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms with multi-site atherosclerosis. Methods The study included 410 patients with single-site atherosclerosis and 529 patients with multi-site atherosclerosis. The relationship between CYP2C19 rs4244285 and rs4986893 polymorphisms and single-site atherosclerosis and multi-site atherosclerosis was analyzed. Results The proportion of CYP2C19 rs4244285 A allele (35.9% vs 29.9%, P=0.007) and rs4986893 G allele (97.7% vs 94.8%, P=0.001) in multi-site atherosclerosis group was significantly higher than that in single-site atherosclerosis group. The distribution of CYP2C19 genotypes was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.002). The results of univariate logistic regression indicated that CYP2C19 *1/*3 genotype (*1/*3 vs *1/*1: odds ratio (OR) 0.456, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.231-0.902, P=0.024) may decrease risk of multi-site atherosclerosis, while *2/*2 genotype (*2/*2 vs *1/*1: OR 1.780, 95% CI: 1.100-2.880, P=0.019) may increase risk of multi-site atherosclerosis. Multivariate logistic regression (adjusted for gender, age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes) indicated that CYP2C19 *1/*3 genotype (*1/*3 vs *1/*1: OR 0.459, 95% CI: 0.231-0.909, P=0.026) may be an independent protective factor for multi-site atherosclerosis, while *2/*2 genotype (*2/*2 vs *1/*1: OR 1.767, 95% CI: 1.091-2.864, P=0.021) may be an independent risk factor for multi-site atherosclerosis. Conclusion CYP2C19 *1/*3 genotype may be an independent protective factor for multi-site atherosclerosis, while *2/*2 genotype may be an independent risk factor for multi-site atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Pan
- Intensive Care Unit, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Luo
- Intensive Care Unit, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songsheng Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Fang
- Intensive Care Unit, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Shi Y, Yang Y, Feng M, Ling W, Wei T, Cao Y, Zhong R, Wu H. Differences in the Proportion of CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Between Cerebral Infarction and Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3473-3481. [PMID: 37601806 PMCID: PMC10438470 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s420108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) genotypes and metabolic phenotypes (extensive metabolizer (EM), intermediate metabolizer (IM), and poor metabolizer (PM)) are related to the metabolism of therapeutic drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the differences of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism distribution between coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and cerebral infarction (CI) patients. Methods We identified 413 CI patients, 509 CAD patients, and 241 CI+CAD patients from 2016 to 2020 and studied genotypes of CYP2C19 rs4986893 (636G>A) and rs4244285 (681G>A) polymorphisms using PCR-gene chip detection method. Differences in CYP2C19 genotypes and metabolic phenotypes between the groups were compared. To analyze the efficacy of CYP2C19 metabolic phenotypes in discriminating between cerebral infarction and coronary artery disease, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted after adjusting for gender, age, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, and diabetes. Results There were significant differences in the distribution of CYP2C19 genotypes and metabolic phenotypes between CI and CAD patients. The results of multivariate logistic regression (adjusted for sex, age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes) indicated that CYP2C19 IM phenotype (IM vs EM: OR 1.443, 95% CI: 1.086-1.918, P=0.011) and CYP2C19 IM+PM phenotype (IM or PM vs EM: OR 1.440, 95% CI: 1.100-1.885, P=0.008) may be indicators of CI from CAD. Conclusion CYP2C19 EM metabolic phenotype was dominant in CAD patients, and CYP2C19 IM metabolic phenotype was dominant in CI patients. After adjusting for other confounding factors, patients with the CYP2C19 IM metabolic phenotype were more likely to develop CI than CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaoling Feng
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihan Ling
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongguo Wei
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Popa-Fotea NM, Ferdoschi CE, Micheu MM. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1200341. [PMID: 37600028 PMCID: PMC10434786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in spite of the improved medical and invasive treatment in terms of revascularization. Atherosclerosis is a dynamic, multi-step process in which inflammation is a ubiquitous component participating in the initiation, development, and entanglements of the atherosclerotic plaque. After activation, the immune system, either native or acquired, is part of the atherosclerotic dynamics enhancing the pro-atherogenic function of immune or non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or platelets, through mediators such as cytokines or directly by cell-to-cell interaction. Cytokines are molecules secreted by the activated cells mentioned above that mediate the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis whose function is to stimulate the immune cells and the production of further cytokines. This review provides insights of the cell axis activation and specific mechanisms and pathways through which inflammation actuates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Elena Ferdoschi
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
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Meng Q, Yang J, Wang F, Li C, Sang G, Liu H, Shen D, Zhang J, Jiang S, Yusufu A, Du G. Development and External Validation of Nomogram to Identify Risk Factors for CHD in T2DM in the Population of Northwestern China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1271-1282. [PMID: 37168834 PMCID: PMC10166093 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s404683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in T2DM in the population of northwestern China. Patients and Methods The records of 2357 T2DM patients who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2021 to July 2022 were reviewed. After some data (n =239) were excluded, 2118 participants were included in the study and randomly divided into a training set (n =1483) and a validation set (n = 635) at a ratio of 3:1. Univariate and stepwise regression analysis was performed to screen risk factors and develop predictive models. The results of logistic regression are presented through a nomogram. The C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to verify the distinction, calibration, and clinical practicality of the model. Results The stepwise logistic regression analysis suggested that independent factors in patients with T2DM combined with CHD were age, gender, hypertension (HTN), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and Uygur, which were associated with the occurrence of CHD. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination with a C-index of 0.771 (95% CI, 0.741, 0.800) in the training set and 0.785 (95% CI, 0.743, 0.828) in the validation set. The area under curve (AUC) of the ROC curves were 0.771 (95% CI, 0.741, 0.800) and 0.785 (95% CI, 0.743, 0.828) in the training and validation sets, respectively. The nomogram was well-calibrated. The DCA revealed that the nomogram was clinically valuable. Conclusion A nomogram based on 7 clinical characteristics was developed to predict CHD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Laboratory Medicine Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyao Sang
- Data Statistics and Analysis Center of Operation Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aibibai Yusufu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoli Du; Aibibai Yusufu, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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Expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 gene in peripheral blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11095-11105. [PMID: 35473443 PMCID: PMC9161866 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2068881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the amount of expression of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene chip as a prospective diagnostic marker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a wide population . In the AMI and control groups, 113 patients with AMI and 83 persons with non-coronary artery disease were selected for peripheral venous leukocyte collection. Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to detect relative ABCB1 expression in both groups. The results showed that the ABCB1 transcription and protein levels in the AMI group were higher than in the control. The relative mRNA expression of ABCB1 was 0.26 (0.03-0.79) in the AMI group and 0.13 (0.01-0.52) in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of the ABCB1 gene at the protein level in the AMI group was 1.65 times that in the control (P < 0.05). Further, the subjects in the AMI group were older (P < 0.001), had lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.038), and had higher incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (P = 0.003) compared with the control. Logistic regression analysis showed that the expression of ABCB1 in peripheral blood was correlated with the occurrence of AMI (P = 0.003). High ABCB1 expression, type II diabetes, and advanced age were found to serve as potential independent risk factors for AMI, with a 4.88-fold, 2.99-fold, and 2.63-fold increased risk of AMI. Overall, the high expression of ABCB1 in peripheral blood might be related to the occurrence of AMI.
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