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Yap YY, Sathar J, Law KB. Mortality outcomes and survival patterns of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms in Malaysia. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:343-351. [PMID: 34846616 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostication of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) has always been challenging, even with the advent of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2 V617F) molecular studies. The survival pattern of patients diagnosed with MPN in developing countries is still undetermined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The national MPN registry conducted from 2009 to 2015 in Malaysia provided a comprehensive insight into the demographics, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of patients diagnosed with MPN nationwide. The study analysed the survival patterns and mortality outcomes and risk among 671 patients diagnosed with essential thrombocythaemia (ET), polycythaemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and unclassified MPN (MPN-U). Mortality status was traced and confirmed until the end of December 2018, with right censoring applied to patients alive beyond that. RESULTS The analysed cohort consisted of 283 (42.2%) ET, 269 (40.1%) PV, 62 (9.2%) PMF and 57 (8.5%) MPN-U incident cases with diagnosis made between 2007 and 2015. The majority of patients were male (52.3%) and Malay (48.9%), except for ET, in which the majority of patients were female (60.1%) and of Chinese origin (47.0%). Female patients were found to have significantly better overall survival (OS) rates in ET (p = 0.0285) and MPN-U (p = 0.0070). Patients with JAK2 V617F mutation were found to have marginally inferior OS over time. Multivariable Cox regression identified patients with increased age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.055, 95% CI 1.031; 1.064], reduced haemoglobin (HB) level (HR 0.886, 95% CI 0.831; 0.945, p = 0.0002), being male (HR 1.545, 95% CI 1.077; 2.217, p = 0.0182), and having MPN-U (HR 2.383, 95% CI 1.261; 4.503, p = 0.0075) and PMF (HR 1.975, 95% CI 1.054; 3.701, p = 0.0335) at increased risk for worse mortality outcomes. CONCLUSION Myeloproliferative neoplasm reduces patient survival. The degree of impact on survival varies according to sub-type, sex, bone marrow fibrosis and HB levels. The JAK2 V617F mutation was not found to affect the survival pattern or mortality outcome significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yee Yap
- Department of Haematology, Ampang Hospital, Jalan Mewah Utara, Pandan Mewah, 68000, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jameela Sathar
- Department of Haematology, Ampang Hospital, Jalan Mewah Utara, Pandan Mewah, 68000, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kian Boon Law
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kompleks Institut Kesihatan Negara, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52 Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms. Genomic Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22922-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Belcic Mikic T, Pajic T, Sever M. CALR mutations in a cohort of JAK2 V617F negative patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19838. [PMID: 31882869 PMCID: PMC6934448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Suspicion of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and especially essential thrombocythemia (ET) in primary care is often based solely on blood counts, with patients referred to a haematologist without a thorough evaluation. We retrospectively assessed the role of calreticulin gene (CALR) mutations in the diagnosis of MPN in this population. We studied CALR mutations in 524 JAK2 V617F-negative patients with suspected MPN. Uncommon CALR mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and searched for in the COSMIC or HGMD database. Mutations were defined as frameshift or non-frameshift mutations. CALR mutations were detected in 23 patients (23/524 = 4.4%). Four mutations detected in our study were newly identified mutations. Non-frameshift mutations were detected in two patients. Most patients (380/524 = 72.5%) were diagnosed with secondary conditions leading to blood count abnormalities such as iron deficiency, inflammatory and infectious diseases, malignancy and hyposplenism. Nine patients (9/23 = 39%) were retrospectively diagnosed with ET based on CALR mutation confirmation. Two patients with non-frameshift CALR mutations were diagnosed with reactive thrombocytosis and MPN unclassifiable, respectively. Our study showed that CALR mutations are important, non-invasive diagnostic indicators of ET and can aid in its diagnosis. Moreover, the type of CALR mutation must be accurately defined, as non-frameshift mutations may not be associated with ET. Finally, CALR mutation detection should be reserved for patients with high suspicion of clonal haematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Belcic Mikic
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tadej Pajic
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Sever
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Loghavi S, Wang SA. Defining the Boundary Between Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Surg Pathol Clin 2019; 12:651-669. [PMID: 31352979 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article we provide a practical and comprehensive review of myeloid neoplasms with overlapping myelodysplastic (MDS) and myeloproliferative (MPN) features, with emphasis on recent updates in classification, particularly the utility of morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular findings in better defining and classifying these disease entities. We provide the reader with a summary of the most recent developments and updates that have helped further our understanding of the genomic landscape, clinicopathologic features, and prognostic elements of myeloid neoplasms with MDS/MPN features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hintermair S, Zwickl-Traxler E, Pecherstorfer M, Singer J. Evaluation of vascular events in patients with myeloproliferative syndromes and mutations of either the januskinase-2 or calreticulin gene at the university hospital Krems from 2008 to 2015. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8450-8462. [PMID: 29492207 PMCID: PMC5823561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), classified as polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET) and myelofibrosis (MF) are stem-cell derived disorders. Mutations in either the januskinase-2 (JAK-2) or the calreticulin (CALR) gene are characteristic for MPN and may result in enhanced proliferation of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, and thus increase the risk for vascular events. This study is a retrospective and descriptive analysis of records of patients, who underwent treatment for myeloproliferative syndromes at the Department of Hemato-Oncology of the University hospital Krems from 2008 to the end of 2015. Out of 250 patients, who were suspected for MPN, 51 patients displayed a JAK-2 V617F mutation. These were analyzed with regard to their blood values, gender, age at diagnosis, therapy and vascular events before and after diagnosis (during therapy). Of the 51 patients diagnosed with MPN and a JAK-2 V617F mutation, 33 suffered from PV, 15 from ET and 3 from MF. More men than women were diagnosed with MPN and the median age at diagnosis was 72 years. Acetylsalicylic acid, phlebotomy and Hydroxyurea were the most frequent therapies applied. In our study cohort, the most common vascular events were acute coronary syndrome and transitory ischemic attack. Thromboembolic events were effectively reduced by MPN therapy while no elevation in bleeding events could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hintermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Zwickl-Traxler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Josef Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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An Exercise in Extrapolation: Clinical Management of Atypical CML, MDS/MPN-Unclassifiable, and MDS/MPN-RS-T. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 11:425-433. [PMID: 27664113 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
According to the recently published 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid malignancies, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) include atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), MDS/MPN-unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), and MDS/MPN ring sideroblasts with thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T). MDS/MPN-RS-T was previously a provisional category known as refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts with thrombocytosis (RARS-T) which has now attained a distinct designation in the 2016 WHO classification. In this review, we focus on biology and management of aCML, MDS/MPN-U, and MDS/MPN-RS-T. There is considerable overlap between these entities which we attempt to further elucidate in this review. We also discuss recent advances in the field of molecular landscape that further defines and characterizes this heterogeneous group of disorders. The paucity of clinical trials available secondary to unclear pathogenesis and rarity of these diseases makes the management of these entities clinically challenging. This review summarizes some of the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis and suggested treatment guidelines based on the available data.
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Oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (chronic myelomonocytic leukemia without absolute monocytosis) displays a similar clinicopathologic and mutational profile to classical chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1213-1222. [PMID: 28548124 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is characterized by persistent absolute monocytosis (≥1 × 109/l) in the peripheral blood and dysplasia in ≥1 lineages. In the absence of dysplasia, an acquired clonal genetic abnormality is required or causes for reactive monocytosis have to be excluded. Oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia showing increased monocytes but no absolute monocytosis in the peripheral blood occurs occasionally. These cases are likely classified as myelodysplastic syndrome or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable. A subset eventually develop overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Better characterization of oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is essential since the distinction between chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome is clinically relevant. We identified 44 cases of oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (≥10% peripheral blood monocytes with absolute monocyte count of 0.5-1 × 109/l) and 28 consecutive chronic myelomonocytic leukemia controls. Clinicopathologic features were compared and mutation analysis was performed. Oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia patients were significantly younger (median age of 65 vs 72). They had lower WBC and absolute neutrophil count, while the monocyte percentage, hemoglobin and platelet counts were similar in the two groups. The myeloid to erythroid ratio was predominantly decreased or normal, compared with the characteristic increase in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (P=0.006). 38% of patients progressed to overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (median: 12 months). The overall percentage of mutations was significantly lower in oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. However, the most frequent mutations in both groups were the 'signature' chronic myelomonocytic leukemia mutations in ASXL1, TET2 and SRSF2. Mutations in CBL were found exclusively in overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. In conclusion, we demonstrate clinical and genetic similarities between overt chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The findings suggest that at least a subset of oligomonocytic chronic myelomonocytic leukemia represents early phase 'dysplastic type' chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
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Harrison CN, Koschmieder S, Foltz L, Guglielmelli P, Flindt T, Koehler M, Mathias J, Komatsu N, Boothroyd RN, Spierer A, Perez Ronco J, Taylor-Stokes G, Waller J, Mesa RA. The impact of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) on patient quality of life and productivity: results from the international MPN Landmark survey. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1653-1665. [PMID: 28780729 PMCID: PMC5569657 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) associated with high disease burden, reduced quality of life (QOL), and shortened survival. To assess how MPNs affect patients, we conducted a global MPN Landmark survey. This online survey of patients with MPNs and physicians was conducted in Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The survey measured MPN-related symptoms and the impact of MPNs on QOL and the ability to work as well as disease-management strategies. Overall, 219 physicians and 699 patients (MF, n = 174; PV, n = 223; ET, n = 302) completed the survey; 90% of patients experienced MPN-related symptoms. The most frequent and severe symptom was fatigue. Most patients experienced a reduction in QOL, including those with low symptom burden or low-risk scores. A substantial proportion of patients reported impairment at work and in overall activity. Interestingly, physician feedback and blood counts were the most important indicators of treatment success among patients, with improvements in symptoms and QOL being less important. Regarding disease management, our study revealed a lack of alignment between physician and patient perceptions relating to communication and disease management, with patients often having different treatment goals than physicians. Overall, our study suggested that therapies that reduce symptom burden and improve QOL in patients with MPNs are crucial in minimizing disease impact on patient daily lives. Additionally, our findings showed a need for improved patient-physician communication, standardized monitoring of symptoms, and agreement on treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Harrison
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lynda Foltz
- St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Michael Koehler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Amber Spierer
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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Khan M, Sarfraz M, Daver N. Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms: a disease in need of recognition. Future Oncol 2017; 13:117-120. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Khan
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maryam Sarfraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aga Khan University Medical College, Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu H, Sun H, Zhang Z, Li X, Li Y, Li L, Xu R, Wang Z, Tian W. Routine blood examinations combined with morphological analysis for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4245-4251. [PMID: 27895799 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a new hematological neoplasm category; myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), which included four main subcategories. This disease is often misdiagnosed, which delays effective therapy. The present study evaluated the role of routine blood examinations and morphological analysis of peripheral blood cells in the reliable diagnosis of MDS/MPN. In total, 236 adult MDS/MPN patients were analyzed. The analysis included 10 routine blood parameters measured using a Sysmex XE-2100™, 3 differential percentage parameters and 7 morphological features of peripheral blood cells which were analyzed by optical microscopy, and 3 differential absolute count numbers obtained based on the corresponding differential percentages and absolute count of blood cells. The parameters were compared among the subcategories and a value of P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. The median white blood cell and hemoglobin counts of the patients were 18.0×109/l and 88 g/l, respectively. The proportion of monocytes increased to 8% (1.82×109/l), the proportion of blast cells increased to 1% (0.5×109/l) and that of neutrophil precursors increased to 10% (1.98×109/l). A total of 87% of all patients presented with hypogranulation and 71% presented with abnormal condensed nuclear chromatin in granulocytes. Atypical monocytes were observed in 73% of all patients and Pseudo-Pelger cells were observed in 60%. Significant differences were detected among the subcategories. The present study demonstrated that combining blood routine parameters and the morphological analysis of peripheral blood cells have an essential role in the reliable diagnosis of MDS/MPN based on WHO categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanling Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Yuantang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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