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Strandberg NJ, Serpa PBS, Fourez LM, Childress MO, Fulkerson CM, Fulkerson CV, Murakami M, Dos Santos AP. Marked paraneoplastic basophilia in a cat with alimentary T-cell lymphoma. Vet Clin Pathol 2024; 53:63-68. [PMID: 38041417 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
An 8-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented for acute weight loss, hyporexia, intermittent vomiting, and loose stools. A caudal abdominal mass and thickened intestinal loops were palpated on initial examination. An abdominal ultrasound identified a circumferential intramural jejunal mass with complete loss of wall layering, diffuse thickening of the jejunal muscularis, and jejunal and ileocecal lymphadenomegaly. Initial routine bloodwork revealed mild monocytosis and minimal lymphopenia with reactive lymphocytes. Cytologic evaluation of the jejunal mass and enlarged lymph nodes was consistent with lymphoma (intermediate cell size), and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement revealed a clonal T-cell receptor rearrangement consistent with T-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy (CHOP protocol) was initiated, but despite initial improvement of clinical signs, a repeat ultrasound examination 5 weeks after initiation of treatment revealed no improvement in the lymphadenomegaly or reduction in the size of the jejunal mass. At this visit, the cat also developed a marked basophilia (basophils 12.28 × 103 /μL, RI 0.00-0.10) with low numbers of circulating atypical lymphocytes; no concurrent eosinophilia was noted. Heartworm disease, ectoparasites, and allergic diseases were evaluated for and considered unlikely. The chemotherapy protocol was changed to L-asparaginase, followed by lomustine. The basophilia was significantly reduced 2 days after the initial dose of L-asparaginase and remained within the reference interval for 40 days before an eventual decline in the cat's health. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of paraneoplastic basophilia without concurrent eosinophilia in a cat with T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J Strandberg
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Priscila B S Serpa
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsey M Fourez
- Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael O Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher M Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Caroline V Fulkerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea P Dos Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Held E, Mochizuki H. Hematologic Abnormalities and Diseases Associated with Moderate-to-Marked Basophilia in a Large Cohort of Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:700. [PMID: 38133251 PMCID: PMC10748300 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophilia is a rare hematologic finding in dogs. This research aimed to describe the hematologic and clinical characteristics of dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia. CBC reports with blood smear examinations from dogs presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively reviewed for basophilia (>193 cells/µL). We classified basophilia as moderate when counts were ≥500 cells/µL and marked when they reached ≥1000 cells/µL. We compared the hematologic and clinical profiles of dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia (the basophilia group) to those without basophilia, serving as our control group. In addition, we investigated differences between dogs with marked basophilia versus those with moderate basophilia, as well as between dogs in the basophilia group with and without concurrent eosinophilia. Diseases associated with moderate-to-marked basophilia included eosinophilic lung disease (p < 0.0001), leukemia/myeloproliferative neoplasms (p = 0.004), parasitic infection (p = 0.004), mast cell tumor (p = 0.005), and inflammatory bowel disease (p = 0.02). Overall, dogs with marked basophilia had a lower frequency of inflammatory diseases (51% vs. 70%, p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of neoplastic diseases (48% vs. 26%, p = 0.003) compared to those with moderate basophilia. In the basophilia group, concurrent eosinophilia was only seen in 36% of dogs. Dogs with concurrent eosinophilia were more often diagnosed with inflammatory diseases (77% vs. 58%, p = 0.006), with fewer diagnoses of neoplasia (19% vs. 40%, p = 0.001), compared to dogs without concurrent eosinophilia. The findings of this study offer veterinary clinicians valuable guidance in determining diagnostic priorities for dogs with moderate-to-marked basophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Held
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Mochizuki
- Department of Public Health and Pathobiology, NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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3
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Jerez J, Sánchez F, Flores F, Guajardo L, Briones JL, Selman C. Another cause of pseudobasophilia: flower cells. J Hematop 2023; 16:177-178. [PMID: 38175397 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-023-00548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Jerez
- Department of Haematology, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Haematology, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisca Sánchez
- Department of Diagnostics Units, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Flores
- Department of Diagnostics Units, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lissette Guajardo
- Department of Diagnostics Units, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Briones
- Department of Haematology, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Diagnostics Units, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Selman
- Department of Diagnostics Units, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
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Sonder SU, Plassmeyer M, Loizou D, Alpan O. Towards standardizing basophil identification by flow cytometry. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1133378. [PMID: 36938328 PMCID: PMC10020589 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1133378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basophils normally make up <2% of the white blood cells (WBC). There is no clear consensus for basophil identification by flow cytometry. The increased demand for basophil activation test (BAT) to identifying and monitoring allergic patients highlights the need for a standardized approach to identify basophils. Methods Using flow cytometry we analyzed whole blood stained with antibodies against: IgE, CD123, CD193, CD203c, CD3, HLADR, FcɛRI, CRTH2 and CD45. We examined unstimulated blood as well as blood stimulated with Anti-IgE and fMLP. Finally, we compared the results to a complete blood count (CBC) from an FDA approved hematological analyzer. Results Basophil identification relying on just one surface marker performed worse than approaches utilizing two identification markers. The percentage of basophils from WBC determined by flow cytometry results had a good correlation with the CBC results even though the CBC results were generally higher. Stimulating whole blood with the basophil activators did not interfere with the basophil identification markers. Conclusion In flow cytometry assays, two surface markers should be used for identifying basophils and if a very pure basophil fraction is desired a third marker can be considered. In our hands the approaches that included CD123 in combination with either CD193, HLADRnegative or FcɛRI performed the best.
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Shah HP, Tormey CA, Siddon AJ. Automated analysers underestimate atypical basophil count in myeloid neoplasms. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:831-836. [PMID: 35609868 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data suggest basophils can adopt an atypical appearance in myeloid disorders including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disease. We hypothesized that automated analysers may not accurately quantitate basophils in myeloid neoplasms based on scatter properties. This study examined basophil counts and properties in myeloid disorders by automated cell analyser, manual differential, and flow cytometry. METHODS Patients with myeloid neoplasms and control patients with no myeloid disorder diagnosis at a tertiary care centre were identified. Basophil percentage was compared for automated analyser counts (Sysmex XN9000), manual differential, and flow cytometry. Basophil scatter properties in MPNs were examined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Thirty-one patients with myeloid neoplasms were included: 58% were male, mean age was 70.2 (±20.7) years, 32% had a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukaemia with the remaining patients divided among various other forms of myeloid disease (including: essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, unclassifiable MPN, myelodysplastic syndromes). For these patients, mean basophil percentage by automated analyser was significantly lower than manual differential (2.7 ± 2.9 vs. 7.1 ± 4.6, respectively, p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between automated versus manual differential for basophils in control subjects (p = 0.373). For myeloid neoplasm patients, mean basophil percentage was not significantly different between manual differential and flow cytometry (p = 0.116); mean basophil percentage by automated analyser was significantly lower than flow cytometry (2.7 ± 2.9 vs. 5.3 ± 3.7, respectively, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Automated analysers underestimate basophil counts in patients with myeloid neoplasms. Manual differential and flow cytometry are recommended for more accurate quantitation and characterization of aberrant basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemali P Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher A Tormey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexa J Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Arpáš T, Doubek M. Differential diagnosis of leukocytosis and leukopenia. VNITRNI LEKARSTVI 2022; 68:28-35. [PMID: 36402557 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2022.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood cell count is often examined in routine clinical praxis. Physiologic leucocyte count is in range 4-10 × 109 in liter of blood. Abnormal values of leukocytes and subtypes of leukocytes in differential count are often present. Changes in leukocytes counts are caused by variety of benignant or malignant conditions. It is important in clinical praxis to interpret changes in blood cell count correctly and choose adequate approach in investigation process. In general, leukocytosis and leukocytopenia may present in primary hematologic disorder or secondary/reactive states, caused by reaction of hematopoiesis to underlying condition. This article review common causes of leukocytosis or leucopenia and give basic advice how to investigate patients with changes in leukocytes count.
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Nguekap O, Martin M, Salaun K, Fontanelle J, Landron C, Roy-Péaud F, Souchaud-Debouverie O, Luca L, Ramassamy A, Gellen-Dautremer J, Roblot P, Puyade M, Prat L. [Thrombocytosis in a 56 year-old woman]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 42:746-749. [PMID: 34462152 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Nguekap
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - M Martin
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 6, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - K Salaun
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - J Fontanelle
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - C Landron
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - F Roy-Péaud
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - O Souchaud-Debouverie
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - L Luca
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - A Ramassamy
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - J Gellen-Dautremer
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - P Roblot
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Faculté de médecine et pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 6, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - M Puyade
- Service de médecine interne, Maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - L Prat
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital privé Jacques-Cartier, 6, avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France
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Kim H, Hur M, Yoon S, Lee TH, Kim SY. Basophilia is one of the morphologic clues for diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia with variant manifestations. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2021; 81:339-342. [PMID: 34346274 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1929440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumi Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park DS, Gu BH, Park YJ, Joo SS, Lee SS, Kim SH, Kim ET, Kim DH, Lee SS, Lee SJ, Kim BW, Kim M. Dynamic changes in blood immune cell composition and function in Holstein and Jersey steers in response to heat stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:705-720. [PMID: 34080136 PMCID: PMC8275816 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has detrimental effects on livestock via diverse immune and physiological changes; heat-stressed animals are rendered susceptible to diverse diseases. However, there is relatively little information available regarding the altered immune responses of domestic animals in heat stress environments, particularly in cattle steers. This study aimed to determine the changes in the immune responses of Holstein and Jersey steers under heat stress. We assessed blood immune cells and their functions in the steers of two breeds under normal and heat stress conditions and found that immune cell proportions and functions were altered in response to different environmental conditions. Heat stress notably reduced the proportions of CD21+MHCII+ B cell populations in both breeds. We also observed breed-specific differences. Under heat stress, in Holstein steers, the expression of myeloperoxidase was reduced in the polymorphonuclear cells, whereas heat stress reduced the WC1+ γδ T cell populations in Jersey steers. Breed-specific changes were also detected based on gene expression. In response to heat stress, the expression of IL-10 and IL-17A increased in Holstein steers alone, whereas that of IL-6 increased in Jersey steers. Moreover, the mRNA expression pattern of heat shock protein genes such as Hsp70 and Hsp90 was significantly increased in only Holstein steers. Collectively, these results indicate that altered blood immunological profiles may provide a potential explanation for the enhanced susceptibility of heat-stressed steers to disease. The findings of this study provide important information that will contribute to developing new strategies to alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yei Ju Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Rumunant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Rumunant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
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[The basophil: From control of immunity to control of leukemias]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 80:9-25. [PMID: 34051212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The basophils, first described by Paul Ehlrich in 1879, are rare circulating cells, representing approximately 0.01 to 0.3% of the blood leukocytes. Until recently, these cells have been neglected because of their minority status among immune cells and because they show some similarities to mast cells residing in tissues. However, basophils and mast cells are now recognized as distinct cell lines and it appears that basophils have important and non-redundant functions, distinct from those of mast cells. On the one hand, basophils have beneficial contribution to protective immunity, in particular against parasitic infections. On the other hand, basophils are involved in the development of various benign and malignant pathologies, ranging from allergy to certain leukemias. Basophils interact with other immune cells or neoplastic cells through direct contacts or soluble mediators, such as cytokines and proteases, thus contributing to the regulation of the immune system but also to allergic responses, and probably to the process of neoplastic transformation. In this review, we will develop recent knowledge on the involvement of basophils in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity. We will then describe the benign or malignant circumstances in which an elevation of circulating basophils can be observed. Finally, we will discuss the role played by these cells in the pathophysiology of certain leukemias, particularly during chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Shah H, Eisenbarth S, Tormey CA, Siddon AJ. Behind the scenes with basophils: an emerging therapeutic target. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab008. [PMID: 35919744 PMCID: PMC9327101 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Though basophils were originally viewed as redundant blood ‘mast cells’, the implementation of flow cytometry has established basophils as unique leukocytes with critical immunomodulatory functions. Basophils play an active role in allergic inflammation, autoimmunity, and hematological malignancies. They are distinguishable from other leukocytes by their characteristic metachromatic deep-purple cytoplasmic, round granules. Mature basophils are phenotypically characterized by surface expression of IL-3Rα (CD123); IL-3 drives basophil differentiation, degranulation, and synthesis of inflammatory mediators including type 2 cytokines. Basophil degranulation is the predominant source of histamine in peripheral blood, promoting allergic responses. Basophils serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by secreting IL-4 which supports eosinophil migration, monocyte differentiation into macrophages, B-cell activation, and CD4 T-cell differentiation into Th2 cells. Further, basophilia is a key phenomenon in myeloid neoplasms, especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for which it is a diagnostic criterion. Increased circulating basophils, often with aberrant immunophenotype, have been detected in patients with CML and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The significance of basophils’ immunoregulatory functions in malignant and non-malignant diseases is an active area of research. Ongoing and future research can inform the development of immunotherapies that target basophils to impact allergic, autoimmune, and malignant disease states. This review article aims to provide an overview of basophil biology, identification strategies, and roles and dysregulation in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemali Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Alexa J Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Hoffmann JJML. Basophil counting in hematology analyzers: time to discontinue? Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:cclm-2020-1528. [PMID: 33554563 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Basophils (basophilic granulocytes) are the least abundant cells in blood. Nowadays, basophils are included in the complete blood count performed by hematology analyzers and therefore reported in practically all patients in whom hematologic investigations are requested. However, hematology analyzers are not reliable enough to report clinically useful results. This is due to a combination of very high analytical imprecision and poor specificity, because the chemical and physical methods used for basophil counting in hematology analyzers are ill-defined and thus basophils are not well recognized by the analyzers. As a result, false basophil counts are quite common. In view of increasing analytical performance demands, hematology laboratories should stop reporting basophil counts produced by hematology analyzers. Suggestions for alternative pathways are presented for those situations where basophils are of clinical relevance.
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La Gioia A. Increased basophils in peripheral blood: an underutilized criterion for the early diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2020; 80:452-453. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2020.1774799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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