1
|
Yeng Lau K, Keng Chan S, Le Cheah L, Abdul Jabbar AB, Hoon Lim S. Experiences of preceptorship in Singapore: A qualitative exploratory study of preceptors' experience in precepting nursing students during pre-registration of clinical placement in an acute hospital. Nurse Educ Pract 2024; 75:103875. [PMID: 38277800 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preceptors play an important role in teaching and guiding nursing students to transit to the role of registered nurses. Nursing students are trained to acquire the skills and knowledge in providing good quality care to patients. However, the preceptors in the clinical area may face challenges in providing care to their patients in addition to their preceptor role. It is vital to explore and gain insights on the preceptorship experience to better understand their challenges and facilitate their preceptorships and the learning experience of the nursing students. AIMS This study explored the preceptors' experience to understand their challenges and support received in the facilitation of the preceptorship and learning experience of the nursing students in an acute care hospital in Singapore. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted from June to October 2021 with ten registered nurses working in an acute hospital. Thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Three main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: (1) preceptor-student relationship; (2) barriers and challenges to successful preceptorship; and (3) outcomes of successful preceptorship. CONCLUSIONS This study provided valuable insights in the experience of the preceptors in Singapore. Recommendation for nursing management and leaders to establish support system in promoting recognition of preceptors, establish dialog sessions between stakeholders. Nursing education to provide support and to review the efficacy of the current preceptorship program to identify correlation with successful precepting experience for both preceptors and nursing students. Despite challenges faced by the preceptors, their experience had been positive and they are committed in precepting the nursing students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keat Yeng Lau
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sook Keng Chan
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Le Le Cheah
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Siew Hoon Lim
- Division of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loureiro F, Família C, Barroso MH, Baúto RV, Antunes AV. Cortisol dynamics in undergraduate nursing students during clinical practice: protocol for an exploratory cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071062. [PMID: 37429678 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper presents a protocol for the Investigation of Cortisol Dynamics in Undergraduate Nursing Students, a funded project aiming to understand the fluctuations in anxiety and salivary cortisol levels due to clinical setting changes and the anxiety associated with clinical practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is an exploratory, cross-sectional, observational study that will be conducted at a health and science school in Portugal. Data collection will involve phycological assessment instruments for personality, anxiety, stress, depression and saliva cortisol levels. The target population consists of undergraduate nursing students enrolled in our institution for the academic year of 2022/2023 (N=272), of whom we aim to recruit 35% (N=96) to the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The project obtained approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, on 5 July 2022 (ID: 116/21.22) and ethical approval from the Egas Moniz Ethics Committee on 28 July 2022 (ID:1110.22). Informed consent will be obtained from those who wish to participate, ensuring students' voluntary participation in the project. The results of this study will be disseminated through open-access peer-reviewed publications and presented at scientific events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Loureiro
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Família
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | | | - A Vanessa Antunes
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wirth MD, Meyer J, Jessup A, Dawson RM. Barriers and Facilitators of Diet, Physical Activity Levels, and Sleep Among Nursing Undergraduates and Early-Career Nurses: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Am J Health Promot 2023:8901171231179437. [PMID: 37263962 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231179437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanisms leading to burnout, associated with high turnover in nursing, may start as early as in nursing school. Given health habits (e.g., diet, physical activity, and sleep) can exacerbate or lessen the impact of burnout, this study examined current barriers and facilitators to healthy diet, physical activity levels, and sleep among nursing undergraduates (UGs) and early-career nurses (ECNs). RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative descriptive study. SAMPLE 25 nursing UGs and 25 ECNs (within 3 years of graduation) from a Southeastern college of nursing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS After development of theory-informed interview guides, participants conducted interviews either in-person or by phone, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. RESULTS All but one (aged 54) UG was in their early 20s and ECNs were in their early to mid-20s. Most participants were white, females. Time and stress were the strongest barriers among UGs and ECNs for adherence to healthy diet, physical activity, although stress did act as a facilitator for physical activity in a subset of both UGs and ECNs. Shiftwork was a common barrier to healthy behaviors among ECNs. CONCLUSION The fact that the more common and stronger barriers to healthier behaviors among UGs and ECNs were the same give credence to the idea that processes associated with burnout begin during or before nursing education and are persistent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jaclyn Meyer
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Angela Jessup
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Robin M Dawson
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niedermeier J, Mumba MN, Barron K, Andrabi M, Martin R, McDiarmid A. Relationships Among Exercise, Mindfulness, Mental Health, and Academic Achievement Among Prelicensure Nursing Students. Nurse Educ 2022; 47:184-189. [PMID: 34559767 DOI: 10.1097/nne.0000000000001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing school is challenging and can be stressful for many students. Nursing students are also susceptible to stress, anxiety, and depression. Exercise and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to improve mental health outcomes in other populations, but it is not known how these strategies influence academic achievement. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among exercise, mindfulness, academic achievement, and mental health among undergraduate nursing students. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design that uses correlational, regression, and mediation analyses. RESULTS Mindfulness was inversely associated with depression and anxiety and, although not statistically significant, was positively associated with academic achievement. Exercise was not significantly associated with anxiety or academic achievement but was associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based interventions that promote mindfulness among nursing students should be implemented to promote mental health and academic achievement, especially because MBIs are cost-effective and convenient alternatives to other psychotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josie Niedermeier
- Registered Nurse (Ms Niedermeier), Children's of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham; and Associate Professor (Dr Mumba), Assistant Professor (Drs Barron and Andrabi), Clinical Assistant Professor (Dr Martin), and Graduate Research Assistant (Mr McDiarmid), Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Associations between sleep and lifestyle behaviours among Australian nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Collegian 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
6
|
Abstract
AIM The aim of this review was to examine nonsimulation strategies to reduce undergraduate nursing student anxiety in the clinical setting. BACKGROUND The anxiety nursing students often experience during clinical rotations can affect their academic performance and interpersonal interactions. METHOD An integrative review was undertaken following guidelines by Whittemore and Knafl. The search was limited to articles published from 1999 to 2018 to increase the likelihood that they included the generations of students currently most prevalent in nursing programs, millennials and generation Z. RESULTS Most researchers (17 studies) supported their interventions as somewhat effective in reducing nursing student anxiety in the clinical setting. A number of limitations of the research were identified. CONCLUSION Various faculty-led and student-led interventions may reduce student anxiety in the clinical setting. Further rigorous research on this topic is needed to provide a strong evidence base for such interventions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Francis ER, Bernard S, Nowak ML, Daniel S, Bernard JA. Operating Room Virtual Reality Immersion Improves Self-Efficacy Amongst Preclinical Physician Assistant Students. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2020; 77:947-952. [PMID: 32199861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact on self-efficacy for preclinical physician assistant (PA) students through immersive virtual reality (VR) operating room simulation. DESIGN Randomized double-blinded controlled experiment measuring self-efficacy using Schwarzer and Jerusalem's general self-efficacy scale. An entirely novel operating room was created, casted, and filmed using VR software. Fifty-two preclinical PA students were randomly assigned to VR (n = 26) or traditional lecture (n = 26) and self-efficacy was measured in both conditions using a general self-efficacy scale given before and after the virtual experience. A mixed ANOVA, independent sample t tests, and paired samples t tests were performed. SETTING Shenandoah University Physician Assistant program, Winchester, Virginia. RESULTS Exposure to VR training after the traditional lecture improves self-efficacy amongst PA students (p < 0.05). Exposure to VR improved self-efficacy compared to traditional methods (p < 0.05). There was no difference in self-efficacy amongst PA students with the traditional model (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The introduction of VR simulation improved preclinical PA student self-efficacy in the operating room setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika R Francis
- University, School of Health Professions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Winchester, Virginia.
| | - Stephanie Bernard
- University, School of Health Professions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Winchester, Virginia
| | - Morgan L Nowak
- University, School of Health Professions, Division of Physician Assistant Studies, Winchester, Virginia
| | - Sarah Daniel
- Shenandoah University, School of Education and Leadership, Winchester, Virginia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rao WW, Li W, Qi H, Hong L, Chen C, Li CY, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Xiang YT. Sleep quality in medical students: a comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep Breath 2020; 24:1151-1165. [PMID: 32072469 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor sleep quality is common in medical students and is associated with a number of negative health outcomes. However, the prevalence estimates of poor sleep quality in medical students vary widely across studies. We thus conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its mediating factors in medical students. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Medline Complete was performed. The random-effects model was used to analyze the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 57 studies with 25,735 medical students were included. The pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality was 52.7% (95% CI: 45.3% to 60.1%) using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The pooled mean total PSQI score across 41 studies with available data was 6.1 (95% CI: 5.6 to 6.5). Subgroup analyses found that PSQI cutoff value and study region were associated with the prevalence of poor sleep quality (P = 0.0003 VS. P = 0.005). Across the continents, poor sleep quality was most common in Europe, followed by the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Meta-regression analyses found that smaller sample size (slope = - 0.0001, P = 0.009) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality is common among medical students, especially in Europe and the Americas continets. Due to the negative health outcomes, regular screening of poor sleep quality and effective interventions are needed for medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wang Rao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wen Li
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Han Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Shunde District of Foshan City, 528300, Guangdong, China.,Postgraduate Academy of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Shunde District of Foshan City, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Shunde District of Foshan City, 528300, Guangdong, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khaksarian M, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Jahanpanah F, Guglielmi O, Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Re TS, Zerbetto R, Maldonado Briegas JJ, Riccò M, Bragazzi NL. Sleep Disturbances Rate among Medical and Allied Health Professions Students in Iran: Implications from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031011. [PMID: 32033482 PMCID: PMC7037918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Medicine and healthcare professions are prestigious and valued careers and, at the same time, demanding, challenging, and arduous jobs. Medical and allied health professions students, experiencing a stressful academic and clinical workload, may suffer from sleep disturbances. In Iran, several studies have been conducted to explore the prevalence rate among medical and healthcare professions students. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively and rigorously summarize the existing scholarly literature, providing the decision- and policy-makers and educators with an updated, evidence-based synthesis. Only studies utilizing a reliable psychometric instrument, such as the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), were included, in order to have comparable measurements and estimates. Seventeen investigations were retained in the present systematic review and meta-analysis, totaling a sample of 3586 students. Studies were conducted between 2008 and 2018 and reported an overall rate of sleep disturbances of 58% (95% confidence interval or CI 45–70). No evidence of publication bias could be found, but formal analyses on determinants of sleep disturbances could not be run due to the dearth of information that could be extracted from studies. Poor sleep is highly prevalent among Iranian medical and healthcare professions students. Based on the limitations of the present study, high-quality investigations are urgently needed to better capture the determinants of poor sleep quality among medical and healthcare professions students, given the importance and the implications of such a topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center & Physiology Department, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6814993165, Iran;
| | - Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran; (M.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Meysam Behzadifar
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Firuzeh Jahanpanah
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran; (M.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Ottavia Guglielmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (O.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (O.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiopathology Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta”, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tania Simona Re
- UNESCO Chair “Health Anthropology Biosphere and Healing Systems”, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- GESTALT Study Center (CSTG), 20129 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | | | | | - Matteo Riccò
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza degli Ambienti di lavoro (Department of Public Health, Occupational Health and Safety Services), 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (O.G.); (S.G.)
- UNESCO Chair “Health Anthropology Biosphere and Healing Systems”, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- GESTALT Study Center (CSTG), 20129 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang H, Gao T, Gao J, Kong Y, Hu Y, Wang R, Mei S. A comparative study of negative life events and depressive symptoms among healthy older adults and older adults with chronic disease. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:699-707. [PMID: 29058982 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017736543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to study internal relations and functionary mechanism between social support, coping style, negative life events and depressive symptoms and compare these relations in healthy older adults and older adults with chronic disease. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. In total, 1,264 older adults with chronic disease and 749 healthy older adults participated in this investigation which consist of socio-demographic characters, negative life events, social support, coping style and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The path and direction of variable function in healthy older adults were inconsistent with older adults with chronic disease. Older adults with chronic disease had more severe depressive symptoms and negative life events, and lower social support and positive coping style. Negative life events, subjective support, positive coping style and negative coping style were significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Objective support may weaken the influence of negative life events on depressive symptoms in chronic disease group. Utilization of support and positive coping style worsen the effect of negative life events on depressive symptoms in healthy older adults. CONCLUSION This study implied that to improve their mental health, attention should be paid to the role of biological, psychological and social stress factors and its inherent law of interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinglei Gao
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixi Kong
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruimei Wang
- 2 Department of Science and Education, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Songli Mei
- 1 School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hyun MS, De Gagne JC, Park J, Kang HS. Incivility experiences of nursing students in South Korea. Nurs Ethics 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0969733016684546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Incivility behaviors are negative social behaviors that can create conflict and disrespect among the persons involved. In a learning environment, incivility negatively affects learning by reducing academic motivation, lowering satisfaction with the education program, and interrupting the learning process. In addition, incivility causes those involved to feel negative emotions, such as anger, depression, and anxiety. Research question: What are the incivility experiences of nursing students during their nursing education? In what context do nursing students experience incivility during their education? Research design: This study used an exploratory qualitative methodology. Participants and research context: Participants (n = 34) were nursing students at three universities in South Korea. Data were collected during focus group interviews of 34 participants between 20 March and 26 June 2015 and were examined using a qualitative content analysis. Ethical consideration: The institutional review board approved this study. Findings: The analysis revealed four learning contexts in which participants experienced incivility: (a) in the classroom, (b) outside the classroom, (c) clinical settings, and (d) related to technology use. Five themes were identified: student non-adherence to classroom standards, faculty non-adherence to classroom standards, lack of helping-trusting relationships with peers, lack of dedication to teaching and learning in a clinical setting, and inappropriate use of technology. Conclusion: Nursing students experience incivility in a variety of situations and settings and expect a safer, more positive learning environment. The incivility experienced by nursing students during their education affects their goal of becoming professional nurses.
Collapse
|
12
|
Perry L. Working well? Studying the nursing workforce. Int J Nurs Pract 2015. [PMID: 26224216 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|