The use of educational video to promote maternal self-efficacy in preventing early childhood diarrhoea

Effects of Educational Interventions on Maternal Self-efficacy and Childhood Diarrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVE

Diarrhea still causes high morbidity and mortality in children under five, requiring constant interventions. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the effects of educational technologies on maternal self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea.

METHODS

Randomized clinical trial carried out in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with four randomized groups of mothers of children under 5 years of age, as follows: control group (n = 61), group A (booklet, n = 60), group B (video, n = 60), and group AB (booklet and video, n = 60). From June to October 2015, data collection was carried out in three moments (the first in person and the others by telephone monitoring).

RESULTS

All groups improved their self-efficacy after the intervention, with higher scores in the group AB (booklet and video). A statistically significant association was found between the occurrence of diarrhea and maternal self-efficacy in groups A (booklet) (p = 0.023) and AB (booklet and video) (p = 0.042) at the second moment of data collection. From the second moment to the third moment, the risk of diarrhea decreased in group A, from 12.8 to 1.3, and in group AB, from 8.5 to 1.1.

CONCLUSION

The technologies used, isolated or combined, were effective in improving maternal self-efficacy and decreasing the occurrence of childhood diarrhea; therefore, they can be used by nurses as health education tools.

Validação de vídeo instrucional sobre banho de ofurô em recém-nascido pré-termo para enfermeiros

Resumo Objetivo Produzir um vídeo instrucional para enfermeiros sobre o banho de ofurô em recém-nascidos pré-termo e validar seu conteúdo. Método Estudo metodológico de desenvolvimento tecnológico com ênfase na validação de conteúdo, conduzido em três etapas: revisão exploratória da literatura, produção da tecnologia educacional do tipo vídeo instrucional e validação por especialistas. Os dados foram sistematizados e organizados em planilhas e as análises foram conduzidas no pacote estatístico R. Para validar o conteúdo, aplicaram-se o Índice Kappa, para medir a concordância entre as respostas, e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, para estimar a representatividade do item. Resultados As publicações sobre a técnica (n=3) identificadas na revisão de literatura foram utilizadas para a produção do vídeo. O vídeo simula o cuidado em unidade neonatal e tem duração de 13 minutos. No processo de validação, o vídeo foi considerado, no geral, com representatividade de conteúdo adequada e obteve índice de concordância entre as respostas quase perfeito. Dois itens foram avaliados como “adequados com alterações” e modificados. Conclusão e implicações para a prática O material produzido foi considerado adequado para ser utilizado na capacitação de enfermeiros sobre a técnica e compartilhamento de informações, contribuindo para o cuidado de enfermagem humanizado e seguro em unidades neonatais.

Audiovisual and printed technology to prevent childhood diarrhea: A clinical trial

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effect of using an educational booklet and a video alone or together in promoting maternal self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea.

DESIGN AND SAMPLE

Randomized multicenter clinical trial with 522 mothers of children under 5 years of age from northeastern Brazil. They were allocated into eight groups, according to the city: metropolis - video alone (N = 61), booklet alone (N = 60), booklet and video along (N = 60), without intervention (N = 60); countryside - booklet alone (N = 70), video alone (N = 70), booklet and video along (N = 71), without intervention (N = 70).

MEASUREMENTS

A sociodemographic form and the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale for preventing early childhood diarrhea.

RESULTS

Increases in self-efficacy scores were observed in all experimental groups after the educational intervention. Urban mothers living had greater self-efficacy than rural mothers. This result was verified in the video alone group (p = .036) and without intervention group (p = .003). Mothers in all intervention groups, regardless of the educational intervention used, had higher self-efficacy scores than the comparison group mothers (p < .05).

CONCLUSION

The tested educational technologies promoted maternal self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea, regardless of whether they are applied alone or in combination.

Content validation of an educational booklet for asthma control and management in children

OBJECTIVE

to validate the content and appearance of the educational booklet "You can control your child's asthma - let's learn together?" with parents and caregivers of children with asthma.

METHODS

this is a methodological study, carried out with 34 mothers and caregivers of children, from two to 10 years old, diagnosed with asthma. The educational booklet validation was performed using Content Validity Index (CVI) and assessment of comprehension, attractiveness, self-efficacy, persuasion, and cultural acceptance domains.

RESULTS

the booklet was considered clear (99.8%) and relevant (100%), with a global CVI of 0.99. Domain assessment proved to be an easy-to-understand tool, culturally appropriate, attractive, with persuasive power and promoting self-efficacy.

CONCLUSION

the booklet is valid and adequate for promoting the self-efficacy of parents and caregivers in childhood asthma control and management, potentially scalable to other realities of outpatient care.

Educational interventions using a primer and motivational interviewing: randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Many educational technologies have been used to promote the health of the population. Thus, the objective was to assess the effect of using an individual educational primer along with the Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI) for increasing maternal self-efficacy for preventing childhood diarrhoea.

METHODS

Randomized clinical trial, conducted in Fortaleza/Ceará-Brazil, composed of 181 mothers and/or guardians of children under five years, who were randomized into three groups: experimental group A (EG A)-who read the primer, experimental group B (EG B)-application of the primer and BMI and the control group (CG). The participants' assessment was based on the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale for Preventing Childhood Diarrhoea and the diarrhoea Investigation Form at the beginning of the intervention and then 30 and 60 days after the first contact with the participants.

RESULTS

There were 60 participants in EG A and CG and 61 in EG B. It was noted a greater incidence of participants with high self-efficacy in EG B after applying the technologies. All groups manifested diarrhoea among children after the interventions, although with a lower number in EG B, one-month post-intervention (P = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONS

The combined use of the primer and the BMI contributed significantly over time to increase maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhoea and reduce cases of this disease.

Educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission

OBJECTIVE

to assess available evidence on educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission.

METHOD

LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, BDENF, between April and May 2016, with the descriptors: "Vertical Transmission of Infectious Disease", "HIV", "Health Education" and "Technology".

RESULTS

there are 16 articles published between 2000 and 2014, mostly Brazilian and African, Cross-sectional and with low level of evidence. The studies covered the use of hard technologies, through video, radio and telephone, and soft, emphasizing, in particular, counseling.

CONCLUSION

the studies recognize the importance of educational activities as a tool for health promotion in the context of vertical HIV transmission, despite reporting the need for constant training of professionals and urgency in the renewal of educational concepts and practices. Therefore, it is recommended to expand and consolidate health counseling and emphasize the role of nurses as an important actor in this setting.

Elaboração e validação de cartilha para prevenção da diarreia infantil

Resumo Objetivo Elaborar, validar e avaliar uma cartilha educativa para a promoção da autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil. Método Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido a partir da elaboração, validação e avaliação do material educativo por 30 juízes de conteúdo e três técnicos. Para validação, avaliou-se clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica, calculando-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para cada item; e aplicou-se o instrumento Suitability Assesment of Materials (SAM) para avaliação da cartilha. Resultados A cartilha teve como título “Você é capaz de prevenir a diarreia no seu filho!” e foi elaborada tendo como referencial a Teoria da Autoeficácia. Os juízes de conteúdo atribuíram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) global de 0,88 para clareza da linguagem, 0,91 para pertinência prática e 0,92 para relevância teórica; e os juízes técnicos atribuíram IVC de 0,96, 1,00 e 1,00 para os mesmos itens avaliados, respectivamente. A avaliação dos juízes de conteúdo e técnicos a partir do SAM classificou o material como “superior”, com média de 88,7% e 90,1%, respectivamente. Conclusão A cartilha apresenta conteúdo e aparência adequados para a promoção da autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil.

Validation of primer for promoting maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate an educational primer, regarding content and design, for promoting maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea. Method: methodological study composed of 31 mothers of children under five years of age, in which the validation of the primer You can prevent diarrhea in your child! was carried out from the Content Validity Index (CVI), being evaluated as to the domains understanding, attractiveness, self-efficacy, cultural acceptance, and persuasion. Results: the primer was considered relevant and clear, with average concordance of 99.4% and 99.8%, respectively. The overall CVI was of 0.99, evidencing satisfactory level of agreement between the mothers. The assessment of domains generated satisfactory results. Conclusion: the primer was considered valid by the target audience; thus, it can be implemented for promoting maternal confidence to prevent childhood diarrhea.