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Retnakaran R, Ye C, Hanley AJ, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Zinman B, Hamilton JK. Treating Gestational Diabetes Reduces Birth Weight but Does Not Affect Infant Adiposity Across the 1st Year of Life. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1230-1238. [PMID: 35259243 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The continuum of maternal glycemia in pregnancy shows continuous associations with both 1) neonatal birth weight at delivery and 2) subsequent adiposity later in childhood. While treating gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lower birth weight and thereby disrupt the former association, it is unclear if such treatment reduces childhood adiposity. Thus, we sought to compare anthropometry across the 1st year of life between infants born to women who were treated for GDM and those with lesser degrees of gestational dysglycemia (untreated). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Anthropometric measurements were performed at 3 months and 12 months of life in 567 infants born to women comprising the following four gestational glucose tolerance groups: 1) women with normoglycemia on both glucose challenge test (GCT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnancy; 2) women with an abnormal GCT but normal OGTT; 3) those with mild gestational impaired glucose tolerance; and 4) women treated for GDM. RESULTS Birth weight progressively increased across the three untreated groups but was lowest in women treated for GDM (P = 0.0004). Similarly, women treated for GDM had the lowest rate of macrosomia (P = 0.02). Conversely, however, there were no differences among the four groups in weight z score, length z score, weight-for-length z score, or BMI z score at either 3 months or 12 months (all P values = NS). Similarly, there were no differences among the groups in triceps/biceps/subscapular/suprailiac skinfold thickness or sum of skinfolds at either 3 months or 12 months (all P values = NS). CONCLUSIONS Despite reducing birth weight and macrosomia, the treatment of GDM does not have analogous effects on infant adiposity across the 1st year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chang Ye
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew Sermer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chan K, De Souza LR, Kobayashi K, Fuller-Thomson E. Diabetes and diabetes care among non-obese South Asian Americans: Findings from a population-based study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:96-102. [PMID: 30641828 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this paper is to provide population-based data from California on: (a) the prevalence and the odds of diabetes among non-obese South Asian (SA) Americans compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW); (b) to assess the prevalence and odds of optimal medical care including regular eye exams, foot exams, and the monitoring of hemoglobin A1C blood glucose levels; and (c) To identify the factors that are associated with diabetes among SA Americans. METHODS The combined 2007, 2009, and 2011 waves of the adult California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) was used to analyze a non-obese (BMI<30) sample of 1251 SA and 72,072 NHW. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata. RESULTS Non-obese SA had more than twice the odds of diabetes in comparison to NHW (OR = 2.50; 1.66, 3.76), even after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Despite their higher propensity for diabetes, there were no significant ethnic differences in the level of optimal care received by those with diabetes. Among non-obese South Asian Americans, the odds of diabetes were higher for older respondents, those without a post-secondary degree, those who were foreign-born, those who had ever smoked, and those with BMI from 25 to 29.99. CONCLUSIONS Non-obese SA in California experience a disproportionately higher prevalence of diabetes than their NHW counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Chan
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Leanne R De Souza
- Faculties of Social Work & Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Kobayashi
- Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Faculties of Social Work & Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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