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Matsuzaki K, Fujita K, Tomiyama E, Hatano K, Hayashi Y, Wang C, Ishizuya Y, Yamamoto Y, Hayashi T, Kato T, Jingushi K, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Nagahara A, Uemura M, Tsujikawa K, Nonomura N. MiR-30b-3p and miR-126-3p of urinary extracellular vesicles could be new biomarkers for prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1918-1927. [PMID: 33968679 PMCID: PMC8100845 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes are present in blood, urine, and saliva and contain proteins, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs. We investigated microRNAs in urinary EVs to discover new biomarkers of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods We isolated EVs from urine obtained following digital rectal examination (DRE) of 14 men with elevated levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [negative biopsy (n=4) and PCa with Gleason scores of 6 (n=3), 7 (n=3), and 8-9 (n=4)]. MicroRNAs extracted from EVs were analyzed by microRNA microarray. Results MicroRNAs miR-30b-3p and miR-126-3p were identified as being overexpressed in urinary EVs of the PCa patients versus the biopsy-negative men, but no microRNAs were associated with the Gleason score. In the independent cohort as well, these two microRNAs were overexpressed in urinary EVs from the PCa patients versus the negative-biopsy men. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and PSA showed that these two microRNAs were significantly associated with the prediction of PCa in biopsy specimens. Sensitivity and specificity of miR-30b-3p and miR-126-3p for the prediction of PCa were 46.4% and 88.0% and 60.7% and 80.0%, respectively, which were better than those of serum PSA (53.5% and 64.0%, respectively). Conclusions MiR-30b-3p and miR-126-3p in urinary EVs could be potential biomarkers of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eisuke Tomiyama
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yu Ishizuya
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuji Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taigo Kato
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Urological Immuno-Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Urologic Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Department of Therapeutic Urologic Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Urological Immuno-Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Urologic Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Suita, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Lee D, Shim SR, Ahn ST, Oh MM, Moon DG, Park HS, Cheon J, Kim JW. Diagnostic Performance of the Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 Test in Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2020; 18:402-408.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fujita K, Nonomura N. Urinary biomarkers of prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2018; 25:770-779. [PMID: 30129068 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of more specific biomarkers for prostate cancer and/or high-risk prostate cancer is necessary, because the prostate-specific antigen test lacks specificity for the detection of prostate cancer and can lead to unnecessary prostate biopsies. Urine is a promising source for the development of new biomarkers of prostate cancer. Biomarkers derived from prostate cancer cells are released into prostatic fluids and then into urine. Urine after manipulation of the prostate is enriched with prostate cancer biomarkers, which include prostate cancer cells, DNAs, RNAs, proteins and other small molecules. The urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 test is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved RNA-based urinary marker, and it helps in the detection of prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. The SelectMDx test is based on messenger RNA detection of DLX1 and HOXC6 in urine after prostate massage, and helps in the detection of high-risk prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-200 nm that are secreted from various types of cells. Urinary prostate cancer-derived exosomes also contain RNAs and proteins specific for prostate cancer (e.g. PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG), and could be promising sources of novel biomarker discovery. The ExoDx Prostate test is a commercially available test based on the detection of three genes (PCA3, ERG and SPDEF) in urinary exosomes. Advancement of comprehensive analysis (microarray, mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing) has resulted in the discovery of several urinary biomarkers. Non-invasive urinary markers can help in the decision to carry out prostate biopsy or in the design of a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Fujita K, Hayashi T, Matsuzaki K, Nakata W, Masuda M, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Nagahara A, Tsuchiya M, Kobayashi Y, Nojima S, Uemura M, Morii E, Miyoshi E, Nonomura N. Decreased fucosylated PSA as a urinary marker for high Gleason score prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56643-56649. [PMID: 27494861 PMCID: PMC5302941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylation is an important oligosaccharide modification associated with cancer and inflammation. We investigated whether urinary fucosylated PSA (Fuc-PSA) levels could be used for the detection of high Gleason score prostate cancer. Urine samples were collected from men with abnormal digital rectal examination findings or elevated serum PSA levels, before prostate biopsy. Lectin-antibody ELISA was used to quantify the Lewis-type or core-type fucosylated PSA (PSA-AAL) and core-type fucosylated PSA (PSA-PhoSL) in the urine samples. Both types of urinary Fuc-PSA were significantly decreased in the men with prostate cancer compared with the men whose biopsies were negative for cancer (P = 0.026 and P < 0.001, respectively). Both were also significantly associated with the Gleason scores of the biopsy specimens (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that PSA density, urinary PSA-AAL, and urinary PSA-PhoSL were independent predictors of high Gleason score prostate cancer. The area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) value for the prediction of cancers of Gleason score ≥ 7 was 0.69 for urinary PSA-AAL and 0.72 for urinary PSA-PhoSL. In contrast, the AUC value was 0.59 for serum PSA, 0.63 for PSA density, and 0.58 for urinary PSA. In conclusion, a decreased urinary Fuc-PSA level is a potential marker for the detection of high Gleason score prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takuji Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakata
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mika Masuda
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Zhang K, Bangma CH, Roobol MJ. Prostate cancer screening in Europe and Asia. Asian J Urol 2017; 4:86-95. [PMID: 29264211 PMCID: PMC5717985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide and even ranks first in Europe. Although Asia is known as the region with the lowest PCa incidence, it has been rising rapidly over the last 20 years mostly due to the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Randomized PCa screening studies in Europe show a mortality reduction in favor of PSA-based screening but coincide with high proportions of unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment. Conclusive data on the value of PSA-based screening and hence the balance between harms and benefits in Asia is still lacking. Because of known racial variations, Asian countries should not directly apply the European screening models. Like in the western world also in Asia, new predictive markers, tools and risk stratification strategies hold great potential to improve the early detection of PCa and to reduce the worldwide existing negative aspects of PSA-based PCa screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monique J. Roobol
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Fujita K, Kume H, Matsuzaki K, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Nagahara A, Uemura M, Miyagawa Y, Tomonaga T, Nonomura N. Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles from high Gleason score prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42961. [PMID: 28211531 PMCID: PMC5314323 DOI: 10.1038/srep42961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microvesicles secreted from various cell types. We aimed to discover a new biomarker for high Gleason score (GS) prostate cancer (PCa) in urinary EVs via quantitative proteomics. EVs were isolated from urine after massage from 18 men (negative biopsy [n = 6], GS 6 PCa [n = 6], or GS 8–9 PCa [n = 6]). EV proteins were labeled with iTRAQ and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. We identified 4710 proteins and quantified 3528 proteins in the urinary EVs. Eleven proteins increased in patients with PCa compared to those with negative biopsy (ratio >1.5, p-value < 0.05). Eleven proteins were chosen for further analysis and verified in 29 independent urine samples (negative [n = 11], PCa [n = 18]) using selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring. Among these candidate markers, fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) was higher in the cancer group than in the negative group (p-value = 0.009) and was significantly associated with GS (p-value for trend = 0.011). Granulin, AMBP, CHMP4A, and CHMP4C were also higher in men with high GS prostate cancer (p-value < 0.05). FABP5 in urinary EVs could be a potential biomarker of high GS PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kume
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyagawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Kim TH, Kim CK, Park BK, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Lee HM, Choi HY, Jeon SS. Relationship between Gleason score and apparent diffusion coefficients of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer patients. Can Urol Assoc J 2016; 10:E377-E382. [PMID: 28096922 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and pathological Gleason score (GS) of prostate cancer patients. METHODS A total of 125 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were included in this study. ADC values were compared with different GS. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis and determined the ADC cutoff value to differentiate tumours with a GS of 6 from those with a GS ≥7. RESULTS We identified 34 patients (27.2%) with a GS of 6; 33 patients (26.4%) with a GS of 7; 22 patients (17.6%) with a GS of 8; and 36 patients (28.8%) with a GS of ≥9. The mean ADC value for disease with a GS of 6 was 0.914 ± 0.161 ×10-3 mm2/s; GS of 7: 0.741 ± 0.164 ×10-3 mm2/s; GS of 8: 0.679 ± 0.130 ×10-3 mm2/s; and GS of ≥9: 0.593 ± 0.089 ×10-3 mm2/s. An ADC value of 0.830 ×10-3mm2/s was the best cutoff value to identify prostate cancer with a GS of 6. CONCLUSIONS We observed an inverse relationship between GS and ADC value. Moreover, a cutoff ADC value may help differentiate disease with a GS of 6 from disease with a GS ≥7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Chan Kyo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Kwan Park
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chang Jeong
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Il Seo
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Moo Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Yong Choi
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Soo Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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