1
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Jeon TJ, Kim OH, Kang H, Lee HJ. Preadipocytes potentiate melanoma progression and M2 macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150129. [PMID: 38762933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer, originates from epidermal melanocytes. The influence of preadipocytes on melanoma is less understood. We co-cultured mouse melanoma B16 cells with 3T3L1 preadipocytes to form mixed spheroids and observed increased melanoma proliferation and growth compared to B16-only spheroids. Metastasis-related proteins YAP, TAZ, and PD-L1 levels were also higher in mixed spheroids. Treatment with exosome inhibitor GW4869 halted melanoma growth and reduced expression of these proteins, suggesting exosomal crosstalk between B16 and 3T3L1 cells. MiR-155 expression was significantly higher in mixed spheroids, and GW4869 reduced its levels. Additionally, co-culturing with Raw264.7 macrophage cells increased M2 markers IL-4 and CD206 in Raw264.7 cells, effects that were diminished by GW4869. These results indicate that preadipocytes may enhance melanoma progression and metastasis via exosomal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Jeon
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Ok-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hana Kang
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea.
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2
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Pirouzpanah MB, Babaie S, Pourzeinali S, Valizadeh H, Malekeh S, Şahin F, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Harnessing tumor-derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38205673 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of men's death worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapy for localized prostate cancer have improved, the majority of men with metastatic disease die from prostate cancer annually. Therefore, identification of the cellular-molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome-based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourzeinali
- Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Valizadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Malekeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Huertas-Lárez R, Muñoz-Moreno L, Recio-Aldavero J, Román ID, Arenas MI, Blasco A, Sanchís-Bonet Á, Bajo AM. Induction of more aggressive tumoral phenotypes in LNCaP and PC3 cells by serum exosomes from prostate cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1829-1841. [PMID: 37526104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent and sixth most fatal cancer in men worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, our understanding of its etiology and the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease is substantially limited. In recent years, the potential participation of exosomes in this process has been suggested. Therefore, we aim to study the effect of exosomes isolated from the serum of patients with PCa on various cellular processes associated with increased tumor aggressiveness in two PCa cell lines: LNCaP-FGC and PC3. The exosomes were isolated by filtration wand ultracentrifugation. Their presence was confirmed by immunodetection of specific markers and their size distribution was analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results obtained demonstrated that serum exosomes from PCa patients increased migration of PC3 cells and neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP-FGC cells regardless of the grade of the tumor. PCa serum exosomes also enhanced the secretion of enzymes related to invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapeutics, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9, and gamma-glutamyltransferase in both cell lines. Altogether, these findings support the pivotal participation of exosomes released by tumoral cells in the progression of PCa. Future studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in the observed changes could provide crucial information on this disease and help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Huertas-Lárez
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Recio-Aldavero
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Dolores Román
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Arenas
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sanchís-Bonet
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Bajo
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Huang G, Jiang Z, Zhu W, Wu Z. Exosomal circKDM4A Induces CUL4B to Promote Prostate Cancer Cell Malignancy in a miR-338-3p-Dependent Manner. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:390-409. [PMID: 35930171 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA lysine demethylase 4A (circKDM4A) is also named circ_0012098 and its abnormal expression has been confirmed in serum exosomes of prostate cancer (PC) patients. However, whether PC progression involves the exosomal circ_0012098 remains unknown. RNA expression of circKDM4A, microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) and cullin 4B (CUL4B) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was checked by Western blot. The positive expression rate of nuclear proliferation marker (ki-67) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used to identify the interaction between miR-338-3p and circKDM4A or CUL4B. Mouse model assay was performed to determine the effect of exosomal circKDM4A on tumorigenesis in vivo. CircKDM4A expression was significantly upregulated in the serum exosomes from PC patients compared with the exosomes from healthy volunteers. Exosomes treatment promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC cells but inhibited apoptosis; however, these effects were attenuated after circKDM4A knockdown. Meanwhile, circKDM4A depletion restored exosome-increased circKDM4A expression. Additionally, circKDM4A acted as a miR-338-3p sponge, and miR-338-3p bound to CUL4B in PC cells. CircKDM4A regulated the effect of exosome-induced PC cell malignancy by interacting with miR-338-3p and CUL4B. Moreover, circKDM4A silencing relieved exosome-induced tumor growth in vivo. Exosomal circKDM4A promoted PC malignant progression by the miR-338-3p/CUL4B axis, providing a therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Huang
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng Dadao, Yiwu City, 322001, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng Dadao, Yiwu City, 322001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wuan Zhu
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng Dadao, Yiwu City, 322001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiyue Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shangcheng Dadao, Yiwu City, 322001, Zhejiang Province, China
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5
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Geng X, Chang B, Shan J. Role and correlation of exosomes and integrins in bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14550. [PMID: 35934932 DOI: 10.1111/and.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent tumours of the male genitourinary system in the world. In recent years, the morbidity of PCa is steadily rising annually in China. Prostate cancer is prone to distant metastasis, and the most significant complication among patients with advanced PCa is bone metastases. Most patients with prostate cancer do not die of the primary tumour, but more due to the factors of distant metastasis of organs, especially bone metastasis. Due to the lack of effective prevention and monitoring of bone metastasis of PCa in clinical settings, and the lack of effective treatment for patients with bone metastasis, the prognosis of patients is often poor. Therefore, early prevention, early detection, and inhibition of bone metastasis are particularly important. At present, many studies have found that exosomes and integrins are closely related to bone metastasis of prostate cancer, but they have not been summarized together. This review summarizes the literature on the effects of exosomes and integrins on bone metastasis of prostate cancer in recent years. It aims to find more effective ways to prevent, monitor, and treat prostate cancer from the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Geng
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoyuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Shan
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
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6
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Circulating Exosome Cargoes Contain Functionally Diverse Cancer Biomarkers: From Biogenesis and Function to Purification and Potential Translational Utility. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143350. [PMID: 35884411 PMCID: PMC9318395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diagnostic and therapeutic treatments of cancer have tremendously improved over the past two decades, the indolent nature of its symptoms has made early detection challenging. Thus, inter-disciplinary (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic) research efforts have been focused on the non-invasive identification of unique "silver bullet" cancer biomarkers for the design of ultra-sensitive molecular diagnostic assays. Circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CTCs and ctDNAs, which are released by tumors in the circulation, have already demonstrated their clinical utility for the non-invasive detection of certain solid tumors. Considering that exosomes are actively produced by all cells, including tumor cells, and can be found in the circulation, they have been extensively assessed for their potential as a source of circulating cell-specific biomarkers. Exosomes are particularly appealing because they represent a stable and encapsulated reservoir of active biological compounds that may be useful for the non-invasive detection of cancer. T biogenesis of these extracellular vesicles is profoundly altered during carcinogenesis, but because they harbor unique or uniquely combined surface proteins, cancer biomarker studies have been focused on their purification from biofluids, for the analysis of their RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid cargoes. In this review, we evaluate the biogenesis of normal and cancer exosomes, provide extensive information on the state of the art, the current purification methods, and the technologies employed for genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic evaluation of their cargoes. Our thorough examination of the literature highlights the current limitations and promising future of exosomes as a liquid biopsy for the identification of circulating tumor biomarkers.
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7
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Blood-based liquid biopsies for prostate cancer: clinical opportunities and challenges. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1394-1402. [PMID: 35715640 PMCID: PMC9553885 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has been established as a powerful, minimally invasive, tool to detect clinically actionable aberrations across numerous cancer types in real-time. With the development of new therapeutic agents in prostate cancer (PC) including DNA repair targeted therapies, this is especially attractive. However, there is unclarity on how best to screen for PC, improve risk stratification and ultimately how to treat advanced disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop better biomarkers to help guide oncologists' decisions in these settings. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), exosomes and cell-free DNA/RNA (cfDNA/cfRNA) analysis, including epigenetic features such as methylation, have all shown potential in prognostication, treatment response assessment and detection of emerging mechanisms of resistance. However, there are still challenges to overcome prior to implementing liquid biopsies in routine clinical practice such as preanalytical considerations including blood collection and storage, the cost of CTC isolation and enrichment, low-circulating tumour content as a limitation for genomic analysis and how to better interpret the sequencing data generated. In this review, we describe an overview of the up-to-date clinical opportunities in the management of PC through blood-based liquid biopsies and the next steps for its implementation in personalised treatment guidance.
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8
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Feng S, Lou K, Zou X, Zou J, Zhang G. The Potential Role of Exosomal Proteins in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873296. [PMID: 35747825 PMCID: PMC9209716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in men across developed countries. Traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods for this tumor have become increasingly difficult to adapt to today’s medical philosophy, thus compromising early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Prospecting for new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets has become a hot topic in today’s research. Notably, exosomes, small vesicles characterized by a phospholipid bilayer structure released by cells that is capable of delivering different types of cargo that target specific cells to regulate biological properties, have been extensively studied. Exosomes composition, coupled with their interactions with cells make them multifaceted regulators in cancer development. Numerous studies have described the role of prostate cancer-derived exosomal proteins in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. However, so far, there is no relevant literature to systematically summarize its role in tumors, which brings obstacles to the later research of related proteins. In this review, we summarize exosomal proteins derived from prostate cancer from different sources and summarize their roles in tumor development and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Feng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Lou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganna Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganna Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Junrong Zou, ; Guoxi Zhang,
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganna Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Junrong Zou, ; Guoxi Zhang,
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9
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Kang J, La Manna F, Bonollo F, Sampson N, Alberts IL, Mingels C, Afshar-Oromieh A, Thalmann GN, Karkampouna S. Tumor microenvironment mechanisms and bone metastatic disease progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 530:156-169. [PMID: 35051532 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During disease progression from primary towards metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and in particular bone metastases, the tumor microenvironment (TME) evolves in parallel with the cancer clones, altering extracellular matrix composition (ECM), vasculature architecture, and recruiting specialized tumor-supporting cells that favor tumor spread and colonization at distant sites. We introduce the clinical profile of advanced metastatic PCa in terms of common genetic alterations. Findings from recently developed models of PCa metastatic spread are discussed, focusing mainly on the role of the TME (mainly matrix and fibroblast cell types), at distinct stages: premetastatic niche orchestrated by the primary tumor towards the metastatic site and bone metastasis. We report evidence of premetastatic niche formation, such as the mechanisms of distant site conditioning by extracellular vesicles, chemokines and other tumor-derived mechanisms, including altered cancer cell-ECM interactions. Furthermore, evidence supporting the similarities of stroma alterations among the primary PCa and bone metastasis, and contribution of TME to androgen deprivation therapy resistance are also discussed. We summarize the available bone metastasis transgenic mouse models of PCa from a perspective of pro-metastatic TME alterations during disease progression and give an update on the current diagnostic and therapeutic radiological strategies for bone metastasis clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juening Kang
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federico La Manna
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bonollo
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ian L Alberts
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Mingels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - George N Thalmann
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Karkampouna
- Department for BioMedical Research, Urology Research Laboratory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Li W, Xu J, Cheng L, Zhao C, Zhang L, Shao Q, Guo F. RelB promotes the migration and invasion of prostate cancer DU145 cells via exosomal ICAM1 in vitro. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110221. [PMID: 34933092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RelB confers the aggressiveness to prostate cancer (PC) cells. Exosomes modulate the oncogenesis and progression of PC. We aimed to identify the downstream molecule in the exosomes, by which RelB increases the aggressiveness of DU145. Totally, 137 upregulated and 55 downregulated exosomal proteins were identified from RelB-knockdown DU145 cells by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. UALCAN, GeneMANIA and tissue microarray analysis revealed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) was positively related to and co-expressed with RelB in PC. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that RelB bound directly to the promoter of ICAM1. ICAM1 overexpression enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of DU145 cells. Exposure to exosomes derived from ICAM1 overexpressing cells (hICAM1-exo) strengthened the aggressiveness of RelB-knockdown cells, especially the migration and invasion capabilities. Mechanistically, the expression of ICAM1, Integrin β1, MMP9 and uPA were upregulated in RelB-knockdown cells upon hICAM1-exo treatment. Exosomal ICAM1 is the key molecule regulated by RelB, which increased the aggressiveness of DU145. The study suggests that cell-cell communication via exosomal ICAM1 is a novel mechanism by which RelB promotes PC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji Uiniversity School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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11
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Ramachandran S, Verma AK, Dev K, Goyal Y, Bhatt D, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Almatroodi SA, Alrumaihi F, Khan NA. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5563746. [PMID: 34336101 PMCID: PMC8313354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With over a million deaths every year around the world, lung cancer is found to be the most recurrent cancer among all types. Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) amounts to about 85% of the entire cases. The other 15% owes it to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Despite decades of research, the prognosis for NSCLC patients is poorly understood with treatment options limited. First, this article emphasises on the part that tumour microenvironment (TME) and its constituents play in lung cancer progression. This review also highlights the inflammatory (pro- or anti-) roles of different cytokines (ILs, TGF-β, and TNF-α) and chemokine (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) families in the lung TME, provoking tumour growth and subsequent metastasis. The write-up also pinpoints recent developments in the field of chemokine biology. Additionally, it covers the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as alternate carriers of cytokines and chemokines. This allows the cytokines/chemokines to modulate the EVs for their secretion, trafficking, and aid in cancer proliferation. In the end, this review also stresses on the role of these factors as prognostic biomarkers for lung immunotherapy, apart from focusing on inflammatory actions of these chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ramachandran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Main Campus, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Trauma and Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Gao Z, Pang B, Li J, Gao N, Fan T, Li Y. Emerging Role of Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy for Monitoring Prostate Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679527. [PMID: 34017837 PMCID: PMC8129505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid tumor in men. While patients with local PCa have better prognostic survival, patients with metastatic PCa have relatively high mortality rates. Existing diagnostic methods for PCa rely on tissue biopsy and blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection; however, the PSA test does not detect aggressive PCa. Liquid biopsy is a promising technique to overcome tumor heterogeneity in diagnosis, provide more comprehensive information, and track tumor progression over time, allowing for the development of treatment options at all stages of PCa. Exosomes containing proteins and nucleic acids are potential sources of tumor biomarkers. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes play important roles in cell communication and tumor progression and are suitable for monitoring PCa progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of exosomal proteins and miRNAs as biomarkers for monitoring PCa invasion and metastasis and discuss their feasibility in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bairen Pang
- Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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13
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Angiogenesis Inhibition in Prostate Cancer: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092382. [PMID: 32842503 PMCID: PMC7564110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), like all other solid tumors, relies on angiogenesis for growth, progression, and the dissemination of tumor cells to other parts of the body. Despite data from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, as well as human specimen studies indicating the crucial role played by angiogenesis in PCa, angiogenesis inhibition in clinical settings has not shown significant benefits to patients, thus challenging the inclusion and usefulness of antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of PCa. However, one of the apparent reasons why these antiangiogenic agents failed to meet expectations in PCa can be due to the choice of the antiangiogenic agents, because the majority of these drugs target vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) and its receptors. The other relevant causes might be inappropriate drug combinations, the duration of treatment, and the method of endpoint determination. In this review, we will first discuss the role of angiogenesis in PCa growth and progression. We will then summarize the different angiogenic growth factors that influence PCa growth dynamics and review the outcomes of clinical trials conducted with antiangiogenic agents in PCa patients and, finally, critically assess the current status and fate of antiangiogenic therapy in this disease.
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14
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Liao Y, Xu K. Epigenetic regulation of prostate cancer: the theories and the clinical implications. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:279-290. [PMID: 30084432 PMCID: PMC6498736 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_53_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is the main mechanism that controls transcription of specific genes with no changes in the underlying DNA sequences. Epigenetic alterations lead to abnormal gene expression patterns that contribute to carcinogenesis and persist throughout disease progression. Because of the reversible nature, epigenetic modifications emerge as promising anticancer drug targets. Several compounds have been developed to reverse the aberrant activities of enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation, and some of them show encouraging results in both preclinical and clinical studies. In this article, we comprehensively review the up-to-date roles of epigenetics in the development and progression of prostate cancer. We especially focus on three epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. We elaborate on current models/theories that explain the necessity of these epigenetic programs in driving the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells. In particular, we elucidate how certain epigenetic regulators crosstalk with critical biological pathways, such as androgen receptor (AR) signaling, and how the cooperation dynamically controls cancer-oriented transcriptional profiles. Restoration of a "normal" epigenetic landscape holds promise as a cure for prostate cancer, so we concluded by highlighting particular epigenetic modifications as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or new therapeutic targets for treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiji Liao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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15
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Exosomes in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062118. [PMID: 32204455 PMCID: PMC7139716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the developed world. Conventional anti-PCa therapies are not effective for patients with advanced and/or metastatic disease. In most cases, cancer therapies fail due to an incomplete depletion of tumor cells, resulting in tumor relapse. Exosomes are involved in tumor progression, promoting the angiogenesis and migration of tumor cells during metastasis. These structures contribute to the dissemination of pathogenic agents through interaction with recipient cells. Exosomes may deliver molecules that are able to induce the transdifferentiation process, known as “epithelial to mesenchymal transition”. The composition of exosomes and the associated possibilities of interacting with cells make exosomes multifaceted regulators of cancer development. Extracellular vesicles have biophysical properties, such as stability, biocompatibility, permeability, low toxicity and low immunogenicity, which are key for the successful development of an innovative drug delivery system. They have an enhanced circulation stability and bio-barrier permeation ability, and they can therefore be used as effective chemotherapeutic carriers to improve the regulation of target tissues and organs. Exosomes have the capacity to deliver different types of cargo and to target specific cells. Chemotherapeutics, natural products and RNA have been encapsulated for the treatment of prostate cancers.
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16
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Srivastava A, Amreddy N, Pareek V, Chinnappan M, Ahmed R, Mehta M, Razaq M, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Progress in extracellular vesicle biology and their application in cancer medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1621. [PMID: 32131140 PMCID: PMC7317410 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Under the broader category of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes are now well recognized for their contribution and potential for biomedical research. During the last ten years, numerous technologies for purification and characterization of EVs have been developed. This enhanced knowledge has resulted in the development of novel applications of EVs. This review is an attempt to capture the exponential growth observed in EV science in the last decade and discuss the future potential to improve our understanding of EVs, develop technologies to overcome current limitations, and advance their utility for human benefit, especially in cancer medicine. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Vipul Pareek
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rebaz Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Mohammad Razaq
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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17
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Saber SH, Ali HEA, Gaballa R, Gaballah M, Ali HI, Zerfaoui M, Abd Elmageed ZY. Exosomes are the Driving Force in Preparing the Soil for the Metastatic Seeds: Lessons from the Prostate Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E564. [PMID: 32121073 PMCID: PMC7140426 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-membrane vesicles that various cell types secrete during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. By shuttling bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to target cells, exosomes serve as key regulators for multiple cellular processes, including cancer metastasis. Recently, microvesicles have emerged as a challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), encountered either when the number of vesicles increases or when the vesicles move into circulation, potentially with an ability to induce drug resistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Notably, the exosomal cargo can induce the desmoplastic response of PCa-associated cells in a tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote PCa metastasis. However, the crosstalk between PCa-derived exosomes and the TME remains only partially understood. In this review, we provide new insights into the metabolic and molecular signatures of PCa-associated exosomes in reprogramming the TME, and the subsequent promotion of aggressive phenotypes of PCa cells. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of TME reprogramming by exosomes draws more practical and universal conclusions for the development of new therapeutic interventions when considering TME in the treatment of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber H. Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Hamdy E. A. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Rofaida Gaballa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Mohamed Gaballah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Hamed I. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Mourad Zerfaoui
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
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18
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Zhang X. Interactions between cancer cells and bone microenvironment promote bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:76. [PMID: 31753020 PMCID: PMC6873445 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Since the bone microenvironment plays an important role in this process, attentions have been directed to the interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone stromal cells. Here, we explained the mechanism of interactions between prostate cancer cells and metastasis-associated cells within the bone microenvironment and further discussed the recent advances in targeted therapy of prostate cancer bone metastasis. This review also summarized the effects of bone microenvironment on prostate cancer metastasis and the related mechanisms, and provides insights for future prostate cancer metastasis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, P. R. China.
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19
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Lin CJ, Yun EJ, Lo UG, Tai YL, Deng S, Hernandez E, Dang A, Chen YA, Saha D, Mu P, Lin H, Li TK, Shen TL, Lai CH, Hsieh JT. The paracrine induction of prostate cancer progression by caveolin-1. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:834. [PMID: 31685812 PMCID: PMC6828728 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) plays a critical role of cancer progression, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. Many studies have indicated that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with stem cell phenotypes, which could further promote neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. Although only a small subset of genetically pre-programmed cells in each organ has stem cell capability, CSCs appear to be inducible among a heterogeneous cancer cell population. However, the inductive mechanism(s) leading to the emergence of these CSCs are not fully understood in CRPC. Tumor cells actively produce, release, and utilize exosomes to promote cancer development and metastasis, cancer immune evasion as well as chemotherapeutic resistance; the impact of tumor-derived exosomes (TDE) and its cargo on prostate cancer (PCa) development is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the presence of Cav-1 in TDE acts as a potent driver to induce CSC phenotypes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PCa undergoing neuroendocrine differentiation through NFκB signaling pathway. Furthermore, Cav-1 in mCRPC-derived exosomes is capable of inducing radio- and chemo-resistance in recipient cells. Collectively, these data support Cav-1 as a critical driver for mCRPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Eun-Jin Yun
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yu-Ling Tai
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su Deng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew Dang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ping Mu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Kun Li
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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20
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Direct Intercellular Communications and Cancer: A Snapshot of the Biological Roles of Connexins in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091370. [PMID: 31540089 PMCID: PMC6770088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis is the result of a complex intercellular network controlling the behavior of every cell for the survival of the whole organism. In mammalian tissues, cells do communicate via diverse long- and short-range communication mechanisms. While long-range communication involves hormones through blood circulation and neural transmission, short-range communication mechanisms include either paracrine diffusible factors or direct interactions (e.g., gap junctions, intercellular bridges and tunneling nanotubes) or a mixture of both (e.g., exosomes). Tumor growth represents an alteration of tissue homeostasis and could be the consequence of intercellular network disruption. In this network, direct short-range intercellular communication seems to be particularly involved. The first type of these intercellular communications thought to be involved in cancer progression were gap junctions and their protein subunits, the connexins. From these studies came the general assumption that global decreased connexin expression is correlated to tumor progression and increased cell proliferation. However, this assumption appeared more complicated by the fact that connexins may act also as pro-tumorigenic. Then, the concept that direct intercellular communication could be involved in cancer has been expanded to include new forms of intercellular communication such as tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and exosomes. TNTs are intercellular bridges that allow free exchange of small molecules or even mitochondria depending on the presence of gap junctions. The majority of current research shows that such exchanges promote cancer progression by increasing resistance to hypoxia and chemotherapy. If exosomes are also involved in these mechanisms, more studies are needed to understand their precise role. Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a type of malignancy with one of the highest incidence rates worldwide. The precise role of these types of direct short-range intercellular communication has been considered in the progression of PCa. However, even though data are in favor of connexins playing a key role in PCa progression, a clear understanding of the role of TNTs and exosomes is needed to define their precise role in this malignancy. This review article summarizes the current view of the main mechanisms involved in short-range intercellular communication and their implications in cancer and delves into the biological, predictive and therapeutic role of connexins in PCa.
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21
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Exosomes of pasteurized milk: potential pathogens of Western diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 17:3. [PMID: 30602375 PMCID: PMC6317263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption is a hallmark of western diet. According to common believes, milk consumption has beneficial effects for human health. Pasteurization of cow's milk protects thermolabile vitamins and other organic compounds including bioactive and bioavailable exosomes and extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-120 nm, which are pivotal mediators of cell communication via systemic transfer of specific micro-ribonucleic acids, mRNAs and regulatory proteins such as transforming growth factor-β. There is compelling evidence that human and bovine milk exosomes play a crucial role for adequate metabolic and immunological programming of the newborn infant at the beginning of extrauterine life. Milk exosomes assist in executing an anabolic, growth-promoting and immunological program confined to the postnatal period in all mammals. However, epidemiological and translational evidence presented in this review indicates that continuous exposure of humans to exosomes of pasteurized milk may confer a substantial risk for the development of chronic diseases of civilization including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, common cancers (prostate, breast, liver, B-cells) as well as Parkinson's disease. Exosomes of pasteurized milk may represent new pathogens that should not reach the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7A, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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22
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张 丹, 何 大, 李 典, 唐 波, 胡 东, 郭 文, 王 璋, 沈 炼, 魏 光. [Cancer stem-like cell-derived exosomes promotes the proliferation and invasion of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1440-1447. [PMID: 30613011 PMCID: PMC6744204 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Piwil2-induced cancer stem-like cell (Piwil2-iCSC)-derived exosomes on the proliferation,migration and invasion of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs). METHODS Piwil2-iCSC-derived exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified using transmission electron microscopy,nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting.Exosome uptake assay was used to identify the pathway that Piwil2-iCSCderived exosomes utilized.HucMSCs were divided into control group,PBS intervention group and exosome intervention group,and CCK-8 assay,wound healing assay,Transwell assay,Western blotting and cell karyotype analysis were used to observe the proliferation,migration,invasion,expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 proteins,and chromosome structure of hucMSCs. RESULTS The diameter of Piwil2-iCSC-derived exosomes ranged from 50 nm to 100 nm,and most of them were oval or spherical capsules rich in CD9,CD63 and Piwil2 proteins.Exosomal uptake assay showed that the exosomes executed theirs functions after entering the cells.Compared with the control cells and PBS-treated cells,hucMSCs treated with the exosomes showed significantly increased number of proliferating cells (P<0.05) with accelerated healing rate (P<0.05 at 24 h;P<0.01 at 48 h),increased invasive cells (P<0.01),enhanced protein expressions of MMP2(P<0.05 vs PBS group;P<0.01 vs control group) and MMP9(P<0.05),but their karyotype still remained 46XY without any abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Piwil2-iCSC-derived exosomes can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion but does not cause cancer-like heterogeneity changes in hucMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 丹 张
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 大维 何
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 典 李
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 波 唐
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 东 胡
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 文浩 郭
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 璋 王
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 炼桔 沈
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - 光辉 魏
- />重庆医科大学附属儿童医院泌尿外科//儿童泌尿生殖发育与组织工程重庆市重点实验室//儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室//儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地//儿科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400014ZHANG Dan, HE Dawei, LI Dian, TANG Bo, HU Dong, GUO Wenhao, WANG Zhang, SHEN Lianju, WEI Guanghui Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, 400014, China
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23
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Zhang HD, Jiang LH, Hou JC, Zhong SL, Zhu LP, Wang DD, Zhou SY, Yang SJ, Wang JY, Zhang Q, Xu HZ, Zhao JH, Ji ZL, Tang JH. Exosome: a novel mediator in drug resistance of cancer cells. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1499-1509. [PMID: 30309258 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles with a diameter of 40–100 nm, which are released into the intracellular environment. Exosomes could influence the genetic and epigenetic changes of receptor cells by promoting the horizontal transfer of various proteins or RNAs, especially miRNAs. Moreover, exosomes also play an important role in tumor microenvironment. Exosomes could promote the short- and long-distance exchanges of genetic information by acting as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. In addition, exosomes participate in drug resistance of tumor cells by genetic exchange between cells. It is reported that exosomes could be absorbed by recipient cells and transmit chemoresistance from drug-resistant tumor cells to sensitive ones. Then understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy failure and controlling tumor progression effectively will be a major challenge for us. Therefore, in this review, we will briefly reveal the role of exosomes in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-da Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin-Hong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun-Chen Hou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shan-Liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ling-Ping Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Si-Ying Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Han-Zi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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24
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Ochieng J, Nangami G, Sakwe A, Rana T, Ingram S, Goodwin JS, Moye C, Lammers P, Adunyah SE. Extracellular histones are the ligands for the uptake of exosomes and hydroxyapatite-nanoparticles by tumor cells via syndecan-4. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3274-3285. [PMID: 30179249 PMCID: PMC6188801 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which exosomes (nano-vesicular messengers of cells) are taken up by recipient cells are poorly understood. We hypothesized that histones associated with these nanoparticles are the ligands which facilitate their interaction with cell surface syndecan-4 (SDC4) to mediate their uptake. We show that the incubation with fetuin-A (exosome-associated proteins) and histones mediates the uptake of exosomes that are normally not endocytosed. Similarly, hydroxyapatite-nanoparticles incubated with fetuin-A and histones (FNH) are internalized by tumor cells, while nanoparticles incubated with fetuin-A alone (FN) are not. The uptake of exosomes and FNH, both of which move to the perinuclear region of the cell, is attenuated in SDC4-knockdown cells. Data show that FNH can compete with exosomes for uptake and that both use SDC4 as uptake receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208,Corresponding author: Josiah Ochieng, Ph.D. ; phone: 615-327-6119; Fax: 615-327-6442
| | - Gladys Nangami
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208,Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Amos Sakwe
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208,Graduate School, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Tanu Rana
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Shalonda Ingram
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - J. Shawn Goodwin
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Cierra Moye
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Philip Lammers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Samuel E. Adunyah
- Departments of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208
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25
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Brzozowski JS, Jankowski H, Bond DR, McCague SB, Munro BR, Predebon MJ, Scarlett CJ, Skelding KA, Weidenhofer J. Lipidomic profiling of extracellular vesicles derived from prostate and prostate cancer cell lines. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:211. [PMID: 30193584 PMCID: PMC6128989 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and secreted from most cells of the body and can be recovered in biological fluids. Although there has been extensive characterisation of the protein and nucleic acid component of EVs, their lipidome has received little attention and may represent a unique and untapped source of biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS EVs were isolated from non-tumourigenic (RWPE1), tumourigenic (NB26) and metastatic (PC-3) prostate cell lines. Lipids were extracted and subsequently used for targeted lipidomics analysis for the quantitation of molecular lipid species. RESULTS A total of 187 molecular lipid species were quantitatively identified in EV samples showing differential abundance between RWPE1, NB26 and PC-3 EV samples. Fatty acids, glycerolipids and prenol lipids were more highly abundant in EVs from non-tumourigenic cells, whereas sterol lipids, sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids were more highly abundant in EVs from tumourigenic or metastatic cells. CONCLUSIONS This study identified differences in the molecular lipid species of prostate cell-derived EVs, increasing our understanding of the changes that occur to the EV lipidome during prostate cancer progression. These differences highlight the importance of characterising the EV lipidome, which may lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Brzozowski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Helen Jankowski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Danielle R. Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Siobhan B. McCague
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Munro
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
| | - Melanie J. Predebon
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
| | - Kathryn A. Skelding
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
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26
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Ni W, Chen W, Lu Y. Emerging findings into molecular mechanism of brain metastasis. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3820-3833. [PMID: 29992751 PMCID: PMC6089171 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Hence, the need to develop improved therapies to prevent and treat metastasis to the brain is becoming urgent. Recent studies in this area are bringing about some advanced progress on brain metastasis. It was concluded that the occurrence and poor prognosis of brain metastasis have been mostly attributed to the exclusion of anticancer drugs from the brain by the blood-brain barrier. And several highly potent new generation targeted drugs with enhanced CNS distribution have been developed constantly. However, the noted "seed and soil" hypothesis also suggests that the outcome of metastasis depends on the relationship between unique tumor cells and the specific organ microenvironment. Moreover, increasing studies in multiple tumor types demonstrated that brain metastasis has great molecular differences between primary tumors and extracranial metastasis to a large extent. Here, the authors summarized the most common malignancies that could lead to brain metastasis-lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma and their related mutated factors. Only by comprehending a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms, more effective brain-specific therapies will be developed for brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjingChina
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjingChina
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27
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancers with poor prognosis are highly malignant, readily metastatic and of immune tolerance, mainly due to delayed detection. The metastatic progression and immune tolerance of pancreatic cancer is greatly attributed to the intercellular communication. However, exosomes are deemed to be the most important tool of intercellular communicators. Thus, we present a review of pancreatic cancer and exosomes in this article. We intensively summarize the progress of early pancreatic cancer and the relationship of the proliferation, progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes, and propose new ideas of the study of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacy and Medical Technology School, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Qicai Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
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28
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Matsuzaki K, Fujita K, Jingushi K, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Nagahara A, Ueda Y, Tanigawa G, Yoshioka I, Ueda K, Hanayama R, Uemura M, Miyagawa Y, Tsujikawa K, Nonomura N. MiR-21-5p in urinary extracellular vesicles is a novel biomarker of urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24668-24678. [PMID: 28160564 PMCID: PMC5421878 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer vesicles containing protein, messengerRNA and microRNA. Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles may be diagnostic and therapeutic targets. We extracted extracellular vesicles from urine of urothelial carcinoma patients and the control group to identify cancer-specific microRNAs in urinary extracellular vesicles as new biomarkers. Materials and methods microRNA from urinary extracellular vesicles extracted from 6 urothelial carcinoma patients and 3 healthy volunteers was analyzed. We verified candidate microRNAs in an independent cohort of 60 urinary extracellular vesicles samples. To normalize the microRNA expression level in extracellular vesicles, we examined the following in extracellular vesicles: protein concentration, CD9 intensity, amounts of whole miRNAs, RNA U6B small nuclear expression and the creatinine concentration of original urine correlating with the counts of extracted extracellular vesicles measured by the NanoSight™ system. RESULTS From the microarray results 5 microRNAs overexpressed in urinary extracellular vesicles of urothelial carcinoma patients were identified. Creatinine concentration of original urine correlated most with particle counts of extracellular vesicles, indicating that creatinine could be a new tool for normalizing microRNA expression. MiR-21-5p was the most potent biomarker in urinary extracellular vesicles (sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 95.8%) and was also overexpressed in urinary extracellular vesicles from urothelial carcinoma patients with negative urine cytology. For the subgroup with negative urine cytology, the sensitivity was 75.0% and specificity was 95.8%. Conclusion MiR-21-5p in urinary extracellular vesicles could be a new biomarker of urothelial carcinoma, especially for urothelial carcinoma patients with negative urine cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Tanigawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iwao Yoshioka
- Department of Urology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Genome Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikinari Hanayama
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyagawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Neuvonen M, Takatalo M, Thanigai Arasu U, Capasso C, Cerullo V, Rhim JS, Rilla K, Yliperttula M, Siljander PRM. Metastatic state of parent cells influences the uptake and functionality of prostate cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1354645. [PMID: 28819549 PMCID: PMC5556667 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1354645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, mediate intercellular signalling which has a profound role in cancer progression and in the development of metastasis. Internalisation of EVs can prompt functional changes in the recipient cells, the nature of which depends on the molecular composition and the cargo of the EVs. We hypothesised that the metastatic stage of cancerous parent cells would determine the uptake efficacy and the subsequent functional effects of the respective cancer cell-derived EVs. To address this question, we compared the internalisation of EVs derived from two metastatic site-derived prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP), human telomerase reverse transcriptase immortalised primary malignant prostate epithelial cells (RC92a/hTERT), and a benign epithelial prostate cell line (PNT2). EVs isolated from the metastatic site-derived PC-3 and LNCaP cells were more efficiently internalised by the PC-3 and PNT2 cells compared to the EVs from the primary malignant RC92a/hTERT cells or the benign PNT2 cells, as determined by high content microscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. EV uptake was also influenced by the phase of the cell cycle, so that an increased EV-derived fluorescence signal was observed in the cells at the G2/M phase compared to the G0/G1 or S phases. Finally, differences were also observed in the functions of the recipient cells based on the EV source. Proliferation of PNT2 cells and to a lesser extent also PC-3 cells was enhanced particularly by the EVs from the metastatic-site-derived prostate cancer cells in comparison to the EVs from the benign cells or primary cancer cells, whereas migration of PC-3 cells was enhanced by all cancerous EVs. RESPONSIBLE EDITOR Takahiro Ochiya, National Cancer Center, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Neuvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Takatalo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johng S Rhim
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia R-M Siljander
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Pan J, Ding M, Xu K, Yang C, Mao LJ. Exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97693-97700. [PMID: 29228644 PMCID: PMC5722596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicular bodies released by a variety of cells. Exosomes contain miRNAs, mRNAs and proteins with the potential to regulate signaling pathways in recipient cells. Exosomes deliver nucleic acids and proteins to mediate the communication between cancer cells and stroma cells. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in prostate cancer. The tumorigenesis, metastasis and drug resistance of prostate cancer are associated with the cargos of exosomes such as miRNAs, lncRNAs and proteins. In addition, prostate cancer cells modulate surrounding stromal cells via the exosomes. Affected stromal cells employ the exosomes to modulate microenvironment and promote tumor growth and metastasis. Exosomes derived from prostate cancer cells contribute to cancer chemoresistance. The lipid bilayer membrane of the exosomes makes them promising carriers of drugs and other therapeutic molecules targeting prostate cancer. Furthermore, exosomes can be detected and isolated from various body fluids for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.,Radiotherapy Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Li-Jun Mao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
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Fujita K, Kume H, Matsuzaki K, Kawashima A, Ujike T, Nagahara A, Uemura M, Miyagawa Y, Tomonaga T, Nonomura N. Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles from high Gleason score prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42961. [PMID: 28211531 PMCID: PMC5314323 DOI: 10.1038/srep42961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microvesicles secreted from various cell types. We aimed to discover a new biomarker for high Gleason score (GS) prostate cancer (PCa) in urinary EVs via quantitative proteomics. EVs were isolated from urine after massage from 18 men (negative biopsy [n = 6], GS 6 PCa [n = 6], or GS 8–9 PCa [n = 6]). EV proteins were labeled with iTRAQ and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. We identified 4710 proteins and quantified 3528 proteins in the urinary EVs. Eleven proteins increased in patients with PCa compared to those with negative biopsy (ratio >1.5, p-value < 0.05). Eleven proteins were chosen for further analysis and verified in 29 independent urine samples (negative [n = 11], PCa [n = 18]) using selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring. Among these candidate markers, fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) was higher in the cancer group than in the negative group (p-value = 0.009) and was significantly associated with GS (p-value for trend = 0.011). Granulin, AMBP, CHMP4A, and CHMP4C were also higher in men with high GS prostate cancer (p-value < 0.05). FABP5 in urinary EVs could be a potential biomarker of high GS PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kume
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ujike
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Nagahara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohide Uemura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miyagawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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