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Lynn GE, Černý J, Kurokawa C, Diktaş H, Matias J, Sajid A, Arora G, DePonte K, Narasimhan S, Fikrig E. Immunization of guinea pigs with cement extract induces resistance against Ixodes scapularis ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:102017. [PMID: 35963188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As hematophagous parasites, many tick species are important vectors of medical and veterinary disease agents. Proteins found in tick saliva and midgut have been used with some success in immunizations of animal hosts against feeding ticks, and whole saliva has been used effectively in this capacity against Ixodes scapularis, the primary vector of tickborne pathogens in the United States. Tick saliva is a complex substance containing hundreds of proteins, and the identification of specific protective antigens is ongoing. We performed a series of experiments immunizing guinea pigs with extracts prepared from midgut or attachment cement collected from adult female I. scapularis followed by challenge with nymphs of the same species. Midgut extract did not induce protective immunity, while immunization with cement extract resulted in partial protection of hosts as evidenced by premature tick detachment and 34-41% reduction in tick engorgement weights. Proteomic characterization of I. scapularis cement was performed, demonstrating that the cement extract was compositionally different from tick saliva, and vitellogenin-like lipoproteins were the most abundant proteins in cement extract (>40%). Cement was also heavily enriched with lysozymes and defensins, including those originating from both the mammalian host as well as ticks. These results demonstrate that I. scapularis cement contains immunogenic components capable of stimulating host resistance against tick feeding. Because the cement is present at the tick-host interface for an extended period of time during the feeding process, these antigens present auspicious candidates for further evaluation and potential inclusion in an anti-tick vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Lynn
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States.
| | - Jiří Černý
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Praha-Suchdol, CZ 16500, Czechia
| | - Cheyne Kurokawa
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States
| | - Hüsrev Diktaş
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States
| | - Jaqueline Matias
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States
| | - Gunjan Arora
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States
| | - Kathleen DePonte
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States
| | - Sukanya Narasimhan
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06420, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
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Sun W, Li H, Zhao Y, Bai L, Qin Y, Wang Q, Li W. Distinct vitellogenin domains differentially regulate immunological outcomes in invertebrates. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100060. [PMID: 33177064 PMCID: PMC7949091 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical role of Vitellogenin (Vg) is providing energy reserves for developing embryos, but its roles appear to extend beyond this nutritional function, and its importance in host immune defense is garnering increasing research attention. However, Vg-regulated immunological functions are dependent on three different domains within different species and remain poorly understood. In the present study, we confirmed three conserved VG domains-LPD_N, DUF1943, and VWD-in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), highlighting functional similarities of Vg in vertebrates and invertebrates. Of these three domains, DUF1943 and VWD showed definitive bacterial binding activity via interaction with the signature components on microbial surfaces, but this activity was not exhibited by the LPD_N domain. Antibacterial assays indicated that only the VWD domain inhibits bacterial proliferation, and this function may be conserved between different species due to the conserved amino acid residues. To further explore the relationship between Vg and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), we expressed EspIgR and the three E. sinensis Vg (EsVg) domains in HEK293T cells, and coimmunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that only the DUF1943 domain interacts with EspIgR. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that EsVg regulates hemocyte phagocytosis by binding with EspIgR through the DUF1943 domain, thus promoting bacterial clearance and protecting the host from bacterial infection. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to report distinct domains in Vg inducing different immunological outcomes in invertebrates, providing new evidence that pIgR acts as a phagocytic receptor for Vg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Sun
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longwei Bai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukai Qin
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhou C, Yang XB, Yang H, Long GY, Jin DC. Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Insecticides on the Fecundity of Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) via the Regulation of Vitellogenin and Its Receptor. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5917586. [PMID: 33009912 PMCID: PMC7583268 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
White-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera, Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important migratory pest of rice. It causes severe economic losses by reducing crop production. Vg and VgR are important proteins that help in the successful reproduction of insects and have been studied in many insects. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of insecticides on white-backed planthopper reproduction, we studied the expression profiles of SfVg, SfVg-like, and SfVgR in white-backed planthopper exposed to insecticides. SfVg and SfVgR silencing inhibited the ovarian development, number of eggs laid by, and hatching rate of white-backed planthopper. Thiamethoxam LC10 significantly inhibited SfVg-like and SfVgR expression. In contrast, triazophos LC25 significantly promoted SfVg, SfVg-like, and SfVgR expression and increased vitellogenin content in white-backed planthopper. These results demonstrate that insecticides can regulate the reproduction of white-backed planthopper by altering the expression of SfVg and SfVgR, thereby affecting the population density of white-backed planthopper. These findings build a foundation for improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of insecticides on the reproduction and resurgence of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University and Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
| | - Xi-bin Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University and Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University and Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gui-yun Long
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University and Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
| | - Dao-chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University and Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
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Albuquerque Tomilhero Frias A, Ibanez F, Mendoza A, de Carvalho Nunes WM, Tamborindeguy C. Effects of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (haplotype B) on Bactericera cockerelli fitness and vitellogenesis. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:58-68. [PMID: 29676854 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
"Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso) are phloem-restricted and unculturable Gram-negative bacteria. Presently five haplotypes have been identified worldwide; but only haplotypes A and B are associated with the vector Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc.) in the Americas. Previous studies showed that Lso-infection reduces B. cockerelli reproductive output and that Lso haplotype B is more pathogenic than Lso haplotype A. To understand the interaction of Lso haplotype B and B. cockerelli, the fitness of Lso-free and Lso B-infected insects, and the expression of vitellogenin (BcVg1-like), a gene involved directly in the insect reproduction were analyzed. Statistical differences in the number of eggs oviposited, and the total number of progeny nymphs and adults were found among crosses of insects with or without Lso. Significant differences in sex proportions were found between Lso B-infected and Lso-free crosses: a higher proportion of F1 adult females were obtained from Lso B-infected mothers. A significant reduction of BcVg1-like was observed in crosses performed with Lso B-infected females compared to the Lso-free insects. In female cohorts of different age, a significant reduction of BcVg1-like expression was measured in 7-d-old Lso B-infected females (virgin and mated) compared with 7-d-old Lso-free females (virgin and mated), respectively. The reduction of BcVg1-like transcript was associated with a lower number of developing oocytes observed in female's reproductive systems. Overall, this study represents the first step to understand the interaction of Lso B with B. cockerelli, highlighting the effect of Lso B infection on egg production, BcVg1-like expression, and oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Albuquerque Tomilhero Frias
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
- UEM-Depto. de Agronomia, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Aplicada, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Freddy Ibanez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Azucena Mendoza
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Cecilia Tamborindeguy
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 412 Heep Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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Shen Y, Chen YZ, Lou YH, Zhang CX. Vitellogenin and Vitellogenin-Like Genes in the Brown Planthopper. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1181. [PMID: 31620015 PMCID: PMC6759490 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vg) is precursor of vitellin. Here, we identified a Vg (NlVg) and two Vg-likes (NlVg-like1 and NlVg-like2) in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Phylogenetic analyses showed that NlVg-like1 and NlVg-like2 are not clustered with the conventional insect Vgs associated with vitellogenesis. Temporo-spatial expression analyses showed that the NlVg and NlVg-like2 transcript levels increased significantly 24 h after emergence and were primarily expressed in female adults. However, NlVg-like1 was expressed during all stages, and in both genders. Tissue-specific analyses showed that all three genes were most highly expressed in the fat body. The injection of double-stranded RNA targeting NlVg showed that NlVg is essential not only for oocyte development but also for nymph development. The knockdown of NlVg-like1 in female adults resulted in failure to hatch or death before eggshell emergence in 18% of offspring embryos, suggesting that NlVg-like1 plays an important role during late embryogenesis. Approximately 65% of eggs laid by females that were treated with double-stranded RNA targeting NlVg-like2 failed to hatch, indicating that NlVg-like2 plays a role in nutrition absorption during oocyte, or embryonic development. Our results illustrate the structural and functional differences among the Vg and Vg-like genes and provide potential targets for RNA-interference-based insect pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Han Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Ibanez F, Racine K, Hoyte A, Stelinski LL. Reproductive performance among color morphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vector of citrus greening pathogens. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 117:103904. [PMID: 31238055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, commonly known as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), transmits the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), one of the causative agents of Huanglongbing (HLB) to citrus trees. Within ACP populations, three adult abdominal color polymorphisms: gray/brown, blue/green, and orange/yellow have been described. Despite the economic importance of this insect, the molecular mechanisms governing reproduction and vitellogenesis are not well understood. The current results describe the expression patterns of VgA1-like and Kr-h1, ovary morphology, and oviposition behavior in two different ACP morphotypes. Our results showed that VgA1-like exhibited female sex-specific expression, was upregulated more in blue/green than gray/brown females, and increased in expression with age only in blue/green morphs. The transcription factor Kr-h1, associated with reproduction in some insect species, was expressed in both sexes, was upregulated in 1 and 7 days old blue/green compared to gray/brown females, and exhibited reduced expression by 14 days of age in both morphotypes. Our results demonstrated an association between VgA1-like expression, oocyte development, and the blue green abdominal color of D. citri, which were linked to higher reproductive output than observed in gray/brown females. Overall, this study described the importance of the genes VgA1-like and Kr-h1 in D. citri vitellogenesis, and explained the mechanisms underlying differential reproductive performance among D. citri abdominal color morphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Ibanez
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, United States.
| | - Kristin Racine
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, United States
| | - Angelique Hoyte
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, United States
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, United States
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Kruse A, Ramsey JS, Johnson R, Hall DG, MacCoss MJ, Heck M. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Minimally Alters Expression of Immunity and Metabolism Proteins in Hemolymph of Diaphorina citri, the Insect Vector of Huanglongbing. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2995-3011. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kruse
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Boyce Thompson
Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - John S. Ramsey
- Boyce Thompson
Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculature Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David G. Hall
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, United States
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michelle Heck
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Boyce Thompson
Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculature Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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