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Stylianou E, Satti I. Inhaled aerosol viral-vectored vaccines against tuberculosis. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101408. [PMID: 38574628 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the sole licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), despite its variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary TB. The development of effective TB vaccines faces significant challenges, marked by the absence of validated correlates of protection and predictive animal models. Strategic approaches to enhance TB vaccines and augment BCG efficacy include utilising prime-boost strategies with viral-vectored vaccines and exploring innovative delivery techniques, such as mucosal vaccine administration. Viral vectors offer numerous advantages, including the capacity to accommodate genes encoding extensive antigenic fragments and the induction of robust immune responses. Aerosol delivery aligns with the route of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and holds the potential to enhance protective mucosal immunity. Aerosolised viral-vectored vaccines overcome anti-vector immunity, facilitating repeated aerosol deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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2
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Hu Z, Lu SH, Lowrie DB, Fan XY. Research Advances for Virus-vectored Tuberculosis Vaccines and Latest Findings on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:895020. [PMID: 35812383 PMCID: PMC9259874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.895020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by respiratory infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a major global health threat. The only licensed TB vaccine, the one-hundred-year-old Bacille Calmette-Guérin has variable efficacy and often provides poor protection against adult pulmonary TB, the transmissible form of the disease. Thus, the lack of an optimal TB vaccine is one of the key barriers to TB control. Recently, the development of highly efficacious COVID-19 vaccines within one year accelerated the vaccine development process in human use, with the notable example of mRNA vaccines and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, and increased the public acceptance of the concept of the controlled human challenge model. In the TB vaccine field, recent progress also facilitated the deployment of an effective TB vaccine. In this review, we provide an update on the current virus-vectored TB vaccine pipeline and summarize the latest findings that might facilitate TB vaccine development. In detail, on the one hand, we provide a systematic literature review of the virus-vectored TB vaccines are in clinical trials, and other promising candidate vaccines at an earlier stage of development are being evaluated in preclinical animal models. These research sharply increase the likelihood of finding a more effective TB vaccine in the near future. On the other hand, we provide an update on the latest tools and concept that facilitating TB vaccine research development. We propose that a pre-requisite for successful development may be a better understanding of both the lung-resident memory T cell-mediated mucosal immunity and the trained immunity of phagocytic cells. Such knowledge could reveal novel targets and result in the innovative vaccine designs that may be needed for a quantum leap forward in vaccine efficacy. We also summarized the research on controlled human infection and ultra-low-dose aerosol infection murine models, which may provide more realistic assessments of vaccine utility at earlier stages. In addition, we believe that the success in the ongoing efforts to identify correlates of protection would be a game-changer for streamlining the triage of multiple next-generation TB vaccine candidates. Thus, with more advanced knowledge of TB vaccine research, we remain hopeful that a more effective TB vaccine will eventually be developed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education (MOE)/Ministry of Health (MOH), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Hu, ; Xiao-Yong Fan,
| | - Shui-Hua Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education (MOE)/Ministry of Health (MOH), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases of China, Shenzhen Third People Hospital, South Science & Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Douglas B. Lowrie
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases of China, Shenzhen Third People Hospital, South Science & Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education (MOE)/Ministry of Health (MOH), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhidong Hu, ; Xiao-Yong Fan,
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Martini V, Paudyal B, Chrun T, McNee A, Edmans M, Atangana Maze E, Clark B, Nunez A, Dolton G, Sewell A, Beverley P, MacLoughlin R, Townsend A, Tchilian E. Simultaneous Aerosol and Intramuscular Immunization with Influenza Vaccine Induces Powerful Protective Local T Cell and Systemic Antibody Immune Responses in Pigs. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:652-663. [PMID: 33328212 PMCID: PMC7812058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A vaccine providing both powerful Ab and cross-reactive T cell immune responses against influenza viruses would be beneficial for both humans and pigs. In this study, we evaluated i.m., aerosol (Aer), and simultaneous systemic and respiratory immunization (SIM) by both routes in Babraham pigs, using the single cycle candidate influenza vaccine S-FLU. After prime and boost immunization, pigs were challenged with H1N1pdm09 virus. i.m.-immunized pigs generated a high titer of neutralizing Abs but poor T cell responses, whereas Aer induced powerful respiratory tract T cell responses but a low titer of Abs. SIM pigs combined high Ab titers and strong local T cell responses. SIM showed the most complete suppression of virus shedding and the greatest improvement in pathology. We conclude that SIM regimes for immunization against respiratory pathogens warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Martini
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom; .,Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Basu Paudyal
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Tiphany Chrun
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Adam McNee
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Edmans
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beckie Clark
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Nunez
- UK Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Garry Dolton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Beverley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Alain Townsend
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Elma Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, United Kingdom;
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Preclinical Progress of Subunit and Live Attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccines: A Review following the First in Human Efficacy Trial. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090848. [PMID: 32899930 PMCID: PMC7559421 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the global leading cause of death from an infectious agent with approximately 10 million new cases of TB and 1.45 million deaths in 2018. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only approved vaccine for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb, causative agent of TB), however clinical studies have shown BCG has variable effectiveness ranging from 0–80% in adults. With 1.7 billion people latently infected, it is becoming clear that vaccine regimens aimed at both post-exposure and pre-exposure to M. tb will be crucial to end the TB epidemic. The two main strategies to improve or replace BCG are subunit and live attenuated vaccines. However, following the failure of the MVA85A phase IIb trial in 2013, more varied and innovative approaches are being developed. These include recombinant BCG strains, genetically attenuated M. tb and naturally attenuated mycobacteria strains, novel methods of immunogenic antigen discovery including for hypervirulent M. tb strains, improved antigen recognition and delivery strategies, and broader selection of viral vectors. This article reviews preclinical vaccine work in the last 5 years with focus on those tested against M. tb challenge in relevant animal models.
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Haddadi S, Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Yao Y, Afkhami S, D'Agostino MR, Zganiacz A, Jeyanathan M, Xing Z. Mucosal-Pull Induction of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells in Parenteral TB Vaccine-Primed Hosts Requires Cognate Antigens and CD4 T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2075. [PMID: 31552032 PMCID: PMC6747041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are critical to host defense at mucosal tissue sites. However, the parenteral route of immunization as the most commonly used immunization route in practice is not effective in inducing mucosal TRM cells particularly in the lung. While various respiratory mucosal (RM)-pull strategies are exploited to mobilize parenteral vaccine-primed T cells into the lung, whether such RM-pull strategies can all or differentially induce Ag-specific TRM cells in the lung remains unclear. Here, we have addressed this issue by using a parenteral TB vaccine-primed and RM-pull model. We show that both Ag-independent and Ag-dependent RM-pull strategies are able to mobilize Ag-specific CD8 T cells into the lung. However, only the RM-pull strategy with cognate antigens can induce robust Ag-specific CD8 TRM cells in the lung. We also show that the cognate Ag-based RM-pull strategy is the most effective in inducing TRM cells when carried out during the memory phase, as opposed to the effector phase, of T cell responses to parenteral prime vaccination. We further find that cognate Ag-induced CD4 T cells play an important role in the development of CD8 TRM cells in the lung. Our study holds implications in developing effective vaccine strategies against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Haddadi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yushi Yao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R D'Agostino
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Zganiacz
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhou Xing
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Olsen TM, Stone BC, Chuenchob V, Murphy SC. Prime-and-Trap Malaria Vaccination To Generate Protective CD8 + Liver-Resident Memory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1984-1993. [PMID: 30127085 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells in the liver are critical for long-term protection against pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium infection. Such protection can usually be induced with three to five doses of i.v. administered radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS). To simplify and accelerate vaccination, we tested a DNA vaccine designed to induce potent T cell responses against the SYVPSAEQI epitope of Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein. In a heterologous "prime-and-trap" regimen, priming using gene gun-administered DNA and boosting with one dose of RAS attracted expanding Ag-specific CD8+ T cell populations to the liver, where they became Trm cells. Vaccinated in this manner, BALB/c mice were completely protected against challenge, an outcome not reliably achieved following one dose of RAS or following DNA-only vaccination. This study demonstrates that the combination of CD8+ T cell priming by DNA and boosting with liver-homing RAS enhances formation of a completely protective liver Trm cell response and suggests novel approaches for enhancing T cell-based pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla M Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.,Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Brad C Stone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.,Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Vorada Chuenchob
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; .,Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Sun L, Yuan Q, Xu T, Yao L, Feng J, Ma J, Wang L, Lv C, Wang D. Novel adjuvant for immunization against tuberculosis: DNA vaccine expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85A and interleukin-15 fusion product elicits strong immune responses in mice. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1159-1166. [PMID: 28470626 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential of interleukin (IL)-15 as a novel adjuvant for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen 85A (Ag85A) vaccine. RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were intramuscularly immunized three times with a plasmid expressing the Ag85A-IL-15 fusion protein (pcDNA3.1-Ag85A-IL-15), with the empty pcDNA3.1 vector and the pcDNA3.1-Ag85A as control. Mice vaccinated with pcDNA3.1-Ag85A-IL-15 generated more secretory IgA (sIgA) into their lung (209 ± 21 μg/ml) and acquired an enhanced serum IgG response to Ag85A. IgG2a/IgG1 ratios were upregulated, natural killer cell activity was augmented and Ag85A-specific splenic T cell proliferation was enhanced in these mice as well. Vaccination with pcDNA3.1-Ag85A-IL-15 promoted the polarization of CD4+ T cells towards a Th1 type in the spleen, and significantly upregulated the serum level of interferon (IFN)-γ (458 ± 98 pg/ml), a typical Th1 cytokine. IFN-γ-expressing CD8+ cells were also increased in the spleen after pcDNA3.1-Ag85A-IL-15 immunization. CONCLUSIONS A superior immune type I response in mice vaccinated with plasmid Ag85A-IL-15 has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangmin Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlong Lv
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110013, People's Republic of China
| | - Danan Wang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110013, People's Republic of China.
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