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Valera-Vera EA, Concepción JL, Cáceres AJ, Acevedo GR, Fernández M, Hernández Y, Digirolamo FA, Duschak VG, Soprano LL, Pereira CA, Miranda MR, Gómez KA. IgE antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi arginine kinase in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:68-75. [PMID: 34364074 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) is an enzyme present in various invertebrates, as well as in some trypanosomatids such as T. cruzi, the etiological agent that causes Chagas disease. In invertebrates, this protein acts as an allergen inducing an IgE-type humoral immune response. Since AK is a highly conserved protein, we decided to study whether patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) produce specific antibodies against T. cruzi AK (TcAK). Plasma from patients with CCD, with and without cardiac alterations and non-infected individuals were evaluated for the presence of anti-TcAK IgG and IgE antibodies by ELISA, including detection of specific IgG subclasses. Our results showed that the levels of specific anti-TcAK IgG and IgE were different between infected and non-infected individuals, but comparable between those with different clinical manifestations. Interestingly, anti-TcAK IgG4 antibodies associated with IgE-mediated allergenic processes were also increased in CCD patients. Finally, we found that several of the predicted B cell epitopes in TcAK matched allergenic peptides previously described for its homologues in other organisms. Our results revealed for the first time a parasite's specific IgE antibody target and suggest that TcAK could contribute to delineate an inefficient B cell response by prompting a bias towards a Th2 profile. These findings also shed light on a potential allergenic response in the context of T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Augusto Valera-Vera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Luis Concepción
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Ana Judith Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Gonzalo Raúl Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio Augusto Digirolamo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma Gladys Duschak
- Área de Bioquímica de Proteínas y Glicobiología de Parásitos, Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Lía Soprano
- Área de Bioquímica de Proteínas y Glicobiología de Parásitos, Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Alejandro Pereira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Reneé Miranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas "Alfredo Lanari", Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Andrea Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Girard MC, Ossowski MS, Muñoz-Calderón A, Fernández M, Hernández-Vásquez Y, Chadi R, Gómez KA. Trypanosoma cruzi Induces Regulatory B Cell Alterations in Patients With Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:723549. [PMID: 34458163 PMCID: PMC8387560 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.723549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical evolution of patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) is mainly associated with an excessive inflammation and a defective immunomodulatory profile caused by the interaction between T. cruzi and the host. Regulatory B (Breg) cells exert immune suppression mostly through IL-10 production (B10 cells), but also through IL-10-independent mechanisms. Previously, we demonstrated that CCD patients with cardiomyopathy show changes in the ex vivo Breg cell phenotypic distribution although maintain IL-10 production capacity. Here, we sought to identify potential alterations on Breg cells upon in vitro stimulation. Isolated B cells from CCD patients with or without cardiomyopathy and non-infected (NI) donors were stimulated with T. cruzi lysate or CpG + CD40L, and characterized by flow cytometry based on the expression of CD24, CD27, CD38, and the regulatory molecules IL-10 and PD-L1. IL-10 and IL-17 secretion in the supernatant of B cells was evaluated by ELISA. Data showed that T. cruzi stimulation diminished the expression of CD24 and CD38 on CD27- B cells while reducing the percentage of CD24high inside CD27+ B cells. Furthermore, T. cruzi induced a regulatory B cell phenotype by increasing B10 cells and IL-10 secretion in all the groups. The innate-like B10 cells expansion observed in patients with cardiomyopathy would be associated with CD27- B10 cell subsets, while no predominant phenotype was found in the other groups. Patients with cardiomyopathy also displayed higher IL-17 secretion levels in T. cruzi-activated B cells. CpG + CD40L stimulation revealed that B cells from CCD patients and NI donors had the same ability to differentiate into B10 cells and secrete IL-10 in vitro. Additionally, CCD patients showed an increased frequency of CD24-CD27- B cells and a reduction in the percentage of CD24highCD27+ Breg cells, which appeared to be inversely correlated with the presence of T. cruzi DNA in blood. Finally, CCD patients exhibited a higher frequency of PD-L1+ B cells in T. cruzi-stimulated samples, suggesting that IL-10-independent mechanisms could also be tangled in the control of inflammation. Altogether, our results provide evidence about the potential role of Breg cells in the immune response developed against T. cruzi and its contribution to chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí C. Girard
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos (LIIT), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela S. Ossowski
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos (LIIT), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo Muñoz-Calderón
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas (LabMECh), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Raúl Chadi
- Hospital General de Agudos “Dr. Ignacio Pirovano”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos (LIIT), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres” (INGEBI), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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López L, Chiribao ML, Girard MC, Gómez KA, Carasi P, Fernandez M, Hernandez Y, Robello C, Freire T, Piñeyro MD. The cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi induces a pro-inflammatory Th1 immune response in a peroxidatic cysteine-dependent manner. Immunology 2021; 163:46-59. [PMID: 33410127 PMCID: PMC8044337 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase (c-TXNPx) is a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (Prx) with an important role in detoxifying host cell oxidative molecules during parasite infection. c-TXNPx is a virulence factor, as its overexpression enhances parasite infectivity and resistance to exogenous oxidation. As Prxs from other organisms possess immunomodulatory properties, we studied the effects of c-TXNPx in the immune response and analysed whether the presence of the peroxidatic cysteine is necessary to mediate these properties. To this end, we used a recombinant c-TXNPx and a mutant version (c-TXNPxC52S) lacking the peroxidatic cysteine. We first analysed the oligomerization profile, oxidation state and peroxidase activity of both proteins by gel filtration, Western blot and enzymatic assay, respectively. To investigate their immunological properties, we analysed the phenotype and functional activity of macrophage and dendritic cells and the T-cell response by flow cytometry after injection into mice. Our results show that c-TXNPx, but not c-TXNPxC52S, induces the recruitment of IL-12/23p40-producing innate antigen-presenting cells and promotes a strong specific Th1 immune response. Finally, we studied the cellular and humoral immune response developed in the context of parasite natural infection and found that only wild-type c-TXNPx induces proliferation and high levels of IFN-γ secretion in PBMC from chronic patients without demonstrable cardiac manifestations. In conclusion, we demonstrate that c-TXNPx possesses pro-inflammatory properties that depend on the presence of peroxidatic cysteine that is essential for peroxidase activity and quaternary structure of the protein and could contribute to rational design of immune-based strategies against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de VacunasDepartamento de InmunobiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - María Laura Chiribao
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Departamento de BioquímicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Magalí C. Girard
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por TripanosomátidosInstituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Karina A. Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por TripanosomátidosInstituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI‐CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Paula Carasi
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de VacunasDepartamento de InmunobiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Marisa Fernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología ‘Doctor Mario Fatala Chabén’Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Yolanda Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología ‘Doctor Mario Fatala Chabén’Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Departamento de BioquímicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Laboratorio de Inmunomodulación y Desarrollo de VacunasDepartamento de InmunobiologíaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - María Dolores Piñeyro
- Unidad de Biología MolecularInstitut Pasteur MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
- Departamento de BioquímicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de La RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
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Ex vivo characterization of Breg cells in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5511. [PMID: 33750870 PMCID: PMC7943772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing importance of the regulatory function of B cells in many infectious diseases, their immunosuppressive role remains elusive in chronic Chagas disease (CCD). Here, we studied the proportion of different B cell subsets and their capacity to secrete IL-10 ex vivo in peripheral blood from patients with or without CCD cardiomyopathy. First, we immunophenotyped peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients according to the expression of markers CD19, CD24, CD38 and CD27 and we showed an expansion of total B cell and transitional CD24highCD38high B cell subsets in CCD patients with cardiac involvement compared to non-infected donors. Although no differences were observed in the frequency of total IL-10 producing B cells (B10) among the groups, CCD patients with cardiac involvement showed an increased proportion of naïve B10 cells and a tendency to a higher frequency of transitional B10 cells compared to non-infected donors. Our research demonstrates that transitional B cells are greatly expanded in patients with the cardiac form of CCD and these cells retain the ability to secrete IL-10. These findings provide insight into the phenotypic distribution of regulatory B cells in CCD, an important step towards new strategies to prevent cardiomyopathy associated with T. cruzi infection.
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Cronemberger-Andrade A, Xander P, Soares RP, Pessoa NL, Campos MA, Ellis CC, Grajeda B, Ofir-Birin Y, Almeida IC, Regev-Rudzki N, Torrecilhas AC. Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Human Macrophages Shed Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicles That Enhance Host-Cell Invasion via Toll-Like Receptor 2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:99. [PMID: 32266161 PMCID: PMC7098991 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi have the ability to interact with host tissues, increase invasion, and modulate the host innate response. In this study, EVs shed from T. cruzi or T.cruzi-infected macrophages were investigated as immunomodulatory agents during the initial steps of infection. Initially, by scanning electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis, we determined that T. cruzi-infected macrophages release higher numbers of EVs (50-300 nm) as compared to non-infected cells. Using Toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2)-transfected CHO cells, we observed that pre-incubation of these host cells with parasite-derived EVs led to an increase in the percentage of infected cells. In addition, EVs from parasite or T.cruzi-infected macrophages or not were able to elicit translocation of NF-κB by interacting with TLR2, and as a consequence, to alter the EVs the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and STAT-1 and STAT-3 signaling pathways. By proteomic analysis, we observed highly significant changes in the protein composition between non-infected and infected host cell-derived EVs. Thus, we observed the potential of EVs derived from T. cruzi during infection to maintain the inflammatory response in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Xander
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cameron C Ellis
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Brian Grajeda
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Yifat Ofir-Birin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Correia Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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