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Nuga O, Richardson K, Patel N, Wang X, Pagala V, Stephan A, Peng J, Demontis F, Todi SV. Linear ubiquitin chains remodel the proteome and influence the levels of hundreds of regulators in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593206. [PMID: 38766269 PMCID: PMC11100727 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin controls many cellular processes via its post-translational conjugation onto substrates. Its use is highly variable due to its ability to form poly-ubiquitin with various topologies. Among them, linear chains have emerged as important regulators of immune responses and protein degradation. Previous studies in Drosophila melanogaster found that expression of linear poly-ubiquitin that cannot be dismantled into single moieties leads to their own ubiquitination and degradation or, alternatively, to their conjugation onto proteins. However, it remains largely unknown which proteins are sensitive to linear poly-ubiquitin. To address this question, here we expanded the toolkit to modulate linear chains and conducted ultra-deep coverage proteomics from flies that express non-cleavable, linear chains comprising 2, 4, or 6 moieties. We found that these chains regulate shared and distinct cellular processes in Drosophila by impacting hundreds of proteins. Our results provide key insight into the proteome subsets and cellular pathways that are influenced by linear poly-ubiquitin with distinct lengths and suggest that the ubiquitin system is exceedingly pliable.
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2
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Weinelt N, Wächtershäuser KN, Celik G, Jeiler B, Gollin I, Zein L, Smith S, Andrieux G, Das T, Roedig J, Feist L, Rotter B, Boerries M, Pampaloni F, van Wijk SJL. LUBAC-mediated M1 Ub regulates necroptosis by segregating the cellular distribution of active MLKL. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:77. [PMID: 38245534 PMCID: PMC10799905 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane accumulation of phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is a hallmark of necroptosis, leading to membrane rupture and inflammatory cell death. Pro-death functions of MLKL are tightly controlled by several checkpoints, including phosphorylation. Endo- and exocytosis limit MLKL membrane accumulation and counteract necroptosis, but the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-mediated M1 poly-ubiquitination (poly-Ub) as novel checkpoint for necroptosis regulation downstream of activated MLKL in cells of human origin. Loss of LUBAC activity inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-mediated necroptosis, not by affecting necroptotic signaling, but by preventing membrane accumulation of activated MLKL. Finally, we confirm LUBAC-dependent activation of necroptosis in primary human pancreatic organoids. Our findings identify LUBAC as novel regulator of necroptosis which promotes MLKL membrane accumulation in human cells and pioneer primary human organoids to model necroptosis in near-physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Weinelt
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kaja Nicole Wächtershäuser
- Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Biological Sciences (IZN), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gulustan Celik
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Birte Jeiler
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabelle Gollin
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Zein
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Smith
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tonmoy Das
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leonard Feist
- GenXPro GmbH, Altenhoeferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Björn Rotter
- GenXPro GmbH, Altenhoeferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Biological Sciences (IZN), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (EPHO), Goethe University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Cancer Centre Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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3
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Teague HC, Lefevre C, Rieser E, Wolfram L, de Miguel D, Patricio de Oliveira D, Oliveira M, Mansur DS, Irigoyen N, Walczak H, Ferguson BJ. LUBAC is required for RIG-I sensing of RNA viruses. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:28-39. [PMID: 38001254 PMCID: PMC10781740 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to mount an interferon response to virus infections depends on intracellular nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). RIG-I is an intracellular PRR that binds short double-stranded viral RNAs to trigger MAVS-dependent signalling. The RIG-I/MAVS signalling complex requires the coordinated activity of multiple kinases and E3 ubiquitin ligases to activate the transcription factors that drive type I and type III interferon production from infected cells. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) regulates the activity of multiple receptor signalling pathways in both ligase-dependent and -independent ways. Here, we show that the three proteins that constitute LUBAC have separate functions in regulating RIG-I signalling. Both HOIP, the E3 ligase capable of generating M1-ubiquitin chains, and LUBAC accessory protein HOIL-1 are required for viral RNA sensing by RIG-I. The third LUBAC component, SHARPIN, is not required for RIG-I signalling. These data cement the role of LUBAC as a positive regulator of RIG-I signalling and as an important component of antiviral innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Teague
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Lefevre
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva Rieser
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
- Centre for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lina Wolfram
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
- Centre for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Patricio de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marisa Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel S Mansur
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nerea Irigoyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
- Centre for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brian J Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Xu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yin Y, Peng C, Gong X, Li M, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Tang Y, Zhou X, Liu H, Pan L. Mechanistic insights into the enzymatic activity of E3 ligase HOIL-1L and its regulation by the linear ubiquitin chain binding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4599. [PMID: 37831767 PMCID: PMC10575588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HOIL-1L) serves as a unique E3 ligase to catalyze the mono-ubiquitination of relevant protein or sugar substrates and plays vital roles in numerous cellular processes in mammals. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the E3 activity of HOIL-1L and the related regulatory mechanism remain elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of the catalytic core region of HOIL-1L and unveil the key catalytic triad residues of HOIL-1L. Moreover, we discover that HOIL-1L contains two distinct linear di-ubiquitin binding sites that can synergistically bind to linear tetra-ubiquitin, and the binding of HOIL-1L with linear tetra-ubiquitin can promote its E3 activity. The determined HOIL-1L/linear tetra-ubiquitin complex structure not only elucidates the detailed binding mechanism of HOIL-1L with linear tetra-ubiquitin but also uncovers a unique allosteric ubiquitin-binding site for the activation of HOIL-1L. In all, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the E3 activity of HOIL-1L and its regulation by the linear ubiquitin chain binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xindi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Miao Y, Qian G, Zhang R, Yuan Y, Zuo Y, Ding Y, Li X, Tang Y, Zheng H, Lv H. Linear ubiquitination improves NFAT1 protein stability and facilitates NFAT1 signalling in Kawasaki disease. FEBS J 2023; 290:4224-4237. [PMID: 36779231 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
NFAT1 is known for its roles in T cell development and activation. So far, the phosphorylation of NFAT1 has been extensively studied, but the other post-translational modifications of NFAT1 remain largely unknown. In this study, we reported that NFAT1 is a linearly ubiquitinated substrate of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). LUBAC promoted NFAT1 linear ubiquitination, which in turn inhibited K48-linked polyubiquitination of NFAT1 and therefore increased NFAT1 protein stability. Interestingly, the linear ubiquitination levels of NFAT1 in patients with the Kawasaki disease were upregulated. Further studies demonstrated that the patients with the Kawasaki disease had increased mRNA levels of HOIL-1L. These findings revealed a linearly ubiquitinated substrate of LUBAC and an important biological function of NFAT1 linear ubiquitination in the Kawasaki disease and therefore may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of the Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Miao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Renxia Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yukang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yibo Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Ding
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunjia Tang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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6
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Iacobazzi D, Convertini P, Todisco S, Santarsiero A, Iacobazzi V, Infantino V. New Insights into NF-κB Signaling in Innate Immunity: Focus on Immunometabolic Crosstalks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:776. [PMID: 37372061 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that, beyond their numberless functions in various cell processes, play a pivotal role in regulating immune cell activation. Two main pathways-canonical and non-canonical-are responsible for NF-κB activation and heterodimer translocation into the nucleus. A complex crosstalk between NF-κB signaling and metabolism is emerging in innate immunity. Metabolic enzymes and metabolites regulate NF-κB activity in many cases through post-translational modifications such as acetylation and phosphorylation. On the other hand, NF-κB affects immunometabolic pathways, including the citrate pathway, thereby building an intricate network. In this review, the emerging findings about NF-κB function in innate immunity and the interplay between NF-κB and immunometabolism have been discussed. These outcomes allow for a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying NF-κB function in innate immune cells. Moreover, the new insights are important in order to perceive NF-κB signaling as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory/immune chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Iacobazzi
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Paolo Convertini
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Simona Todisco
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna Santarsiero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Vito Iacobazzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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7
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Zhang J, Tu H, Zheng Z, Zhao X, Lin X. RNF31 promotes tumorigenesis via inhibiting RIPK1 kinase-dependent apoptosis. Oncogene 2023; 42:1585-1596. [PMID: 36997719 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) could synergistically promote antitumor toxicity and avoid resistance of antigen-negative tumors during cancer immunotherapy. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) has been widely known to regulate receptor-interacting protein kinase-1(RIPK1) kinase activity and TNF-mediated cell death during inflammation and embryogenesis. However, whether LUBAC and RIPK1 kinase activity in tumor microenvironment could regulate antitumor immunity are still not very clear. Here, we demonstrated a cancer cell-intrinsic role of LUBAC complex in tumor microenvironment to promote tumorigenesis. Lacking LUBAC component RNF31 in B16 melanoma cells but not immune cells including macrophages or dendritic cells greatly impaired tumor growth by increasing intratumoral CD8+ T cells infiltration. Mechanistically, we found that tumor cells without RNF31 shown severe apoptosis-mediated cell death caused by TNFα/IFNγ in the tumor microenvironment. Most importantly, we found that RNF31 could limit RIPK1 kinase activity and further prevent tumor cell death in a transcription-independent manner, suggesting a crucial role of RIPK1 kinase activity in tumorigenesis. Together, our results demonstrate an essential role of RNF31 and RIPK1 kinase activity in tumorigenesis and imply that RNF31 inhibition could be harnessed to enhance antitumor toxicity during tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hailin Tu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheyu Zheng
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China.
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8
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhou P, Ai J, Liu X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang J, Huang Y. Down-regulated cylindromatosis enhances NF-κB activation and aggravates inflammation in HBV-ACLF patients. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1586-1601. [PMID: 35579924 PMCID: PMC9186363 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2077128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of liver in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) remains largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of liver in HBV-ACLF patients by using multiple approaches including transcriptome analysis. We performed transcriptomic sequencing analysis on the liver of HBV-ACLF patients (n = 6), chronic hepatitis B (n = 6), liver cirrhosis (n = 6) and normal control (n = 5), then explored the potential pathogenesis mechanism in liver specimen from another 48 subjects and further validated the molecular and cellular mechanisms using THP-1 cells. RNA-sequencing data analysis indicated that, among the genes up-regulated in HBV-ACLF, genes related to inflammatory response and chemotaxis accounted for a large proportion of the total DEGs. A number of key chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8) and NF-ĸB pathway were identified to be robust in the liver samples from HBV-ACLF patients. Interestingly, cylindromatosis (CYLD) was found to be downregulated in the liver of HBV-ACLF patients, in line with the well-established role of CYLD in regulating most of the chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β) via inhibition of NF-ĸB. Indeed, the knockdown of CYLD resulted in sustained activation of NF-ĸB in macrophages and enhanced chemokines and inflammatory cytokines production, which in turn enhanced chemotactic migration of neutrophil, monocyte, T lymphocytes, and NK cell. In conclusions, down-regulated CYLD aggravated inflammatory cell chemotaxis through enhancing NF-κB activation in HBV-ACLF patients, thereby participating in the pathogenesis of HBV-ACLF injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhou
- Huashan Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanbao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhang X, Liu X, Xiong R, An HX. Identification and validation of ubiquitin-proteasome system related genes as a prognostic signature for papillary renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9599-9616. [PMID: 36385010 PMCID: PMC9792205 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) pathway greatly affects uncontrolled proliferation, genomic instability, and carcinogenesis, particularly in those with renal papillary cell carcinoma (PRCC). However, there is little information at the molecular level about the full link between changes in the genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and PRCC. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GeneCards databases were utilized to find the clinical data and gene expression patterns of patients with PRCC. Univariate Cox regression analysis and absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses identified a risk signature formed by ten optimal UPS genes. The predictive value of the risk signature in TCGA-PRCC cohorts was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. By utilizing GO enrichment and the KEGG pathway, the interactions of differentially expressed genes connected to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were functionally examined. The protein expression of the hub genes was affirmed using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The effectiveness of particular CDC20 and UBE2C in vitro was confirmed by experimental research. RESULTS Ten of the best ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis genes (UBE2C, DDB2, CBLC, BIRC3, PRKN, UBE2O, SIAH1, SKP2, UBC, and CDC20) were detected to create a risk signature. The high-risk score group stratified was associated with advanced tumor status and poor survival of PRCC patients. 10 genes were also found to be associated with the cell cycle pathway and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis to GO and KEGG analysis. Of these 10 genes, CDC20 and UBE2C are highly expressed in tumor tissue and correlated with cancer immunity founded on the analyses of the expression of human protein atlas and TISIDB. The downregulation of UBE2C facilitated tumor inhibition and the anti-immune effect was confirmed by in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the risk model created from the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis genes can be reliably and accurately predict the prognosis of PRCC patients, highlighting its targeted value for PRCC treatment. Particularly, the expression of UBE2C may be crucial for the prognosis and immunological treatment of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Renhua Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Han-Xiang An
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Fujian 361102, China
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10
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Abstract
LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination plays a pivotal role in regulation of cell death and inflammatory pathways. Genetic deficiency in LUBAC components leads to severe immune dysfunction or embryonic lethality. LUBAC has been extensively studied for its role in mediating TNF signaling. However,
Tnfr1
knockout is not able to fully rescue the embryonic lethality of LUBAC deficiency, suggesting that LUBAC may modify additional key cellular substrates in promoting cell survival. GPx4 is an important selenoprotein involved in regulating cellular redox homeostasis in defense against lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death known as ferroptosis. Here we demonstrate that LUBAC deficiency sensitizes to ferroptosis by promoting GPx4 degradation and downstream lipid peroxidation. LUBAC binds and stabilizes GPx4 by modulating its linear ubiquitination both in normal condition and under oxidative stress. Our findings identify GPx4 as a key substrate of LUBAC and a previously unrecognized role of LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination in regulating cellular redox status and cell death.
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11
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Sengupta M, Pluciennik A, Merry DE. The role of ubiquitination in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020143. [PMID: 36277484 PMCID: PMC9583669 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neurodegenerative and neuromuscular genetic disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine-encoding CAG tract in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The AR is an important transcriptional regulator of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily; its levels are regulated in many ways including by ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification (PTM) which plays a key role in both AR transcriptional activity and its degradation. Moreover, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental component of cellular functioning and has been implicated in diseases of protein misfolding and aggregation, including polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion diseases such as Huntington's disease and SBMA. In this review, we discuss the details of the UPS system, its functions and regulation, and the role of AR ubiquitination and UPS components in SBMA. We also discuss aspects of the UPS that may be manipulated for therapeutic effect in SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diane E. Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Aalto A, Martínez‐Chacón G, Kietz C, Tsyganova N, Kreutzer J, Kallio P, Broemer M, Meinander A. M1-linked ubiquitination facilitates NF-κB activation and survival during sterile inflammation. FEBS J 2022; 289:5180-5197. [PMID: 35263507 PMCID: PMC9543601 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methionine 1 (M1)-linked ubiquitination plays a key role in the regulation of inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling and is important for clearance of pathogen infection in Drosophila melanogaster. M1-linked ubiquitin (M1-Ub) chains are assembled by the linear ubiquitin E3 ligase (LUBEL) in flies. Here, we have studied the role of LUBEL in sterile inflammation induced by different types of cellular stresses. We have found that the LUBEL catalyses formation of M1-Ub chains in response to hypoxic, oxidative and mechanical stress conditions. LUBEL is shown to be important for flies to survive low oxygen conditions and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. This protective action seems to be driven by stress-induced activation of the NF-κB transcription factor Relish via the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway. In addition to LUBEL, the intracellular mediators of Relish activation, including the transforming growth factor activating kinase 1 (Tak1), Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) Diap2, the IκB kinase γ (IKKγ) Kenny and the initiator caspase Death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like protein (Dredd), but not the membrane receptor peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LC, are shown to be required for sterile inflammatory response and survival. Finally, we showed that the stress-induced upregulation of M1-Ub chains in response to hypoxia, oxidative and mechanical stress is also induced in mammalian cells and protects from stress-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that M1-Ub chains are important for NF-κB signalling in inflammation induced by stress conditions often observed in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aalto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
| | | | - Christa Kietz
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
| | - Nadezhda Tsyganova
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyBioMediTechTampere UniversityFinland
| | - Pasi Kallio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyBioMediTechTampere UniversityFinland
| | - Meike Broemer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Annika Meinander
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell BiologyÅbo Akademi University, BioCityTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
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13
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Peltzer N. Linear ubiquitin as a common regulator of cellular stress. FEBS J 2022; 289:5176-5179. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Peltzer
- Faculty of Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne Department of Translational Genomics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center University of Cologne Germany
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14
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35309296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Kelsall IR, McCrory EH, Xu Y, Scudamore CL, Nanda SK, Mancebo-Gamella P, Wood NT, Knebel A, Matthews SJ, Cohen P. HOIL-1 ubiquitin ligase activity targets unbranched glucosaccharides and is required to prevent polyglucosan accumulation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109700. [PMID: 35274759 PMCID: PMC9016349 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HOIL-1, a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), ubiquitylates serine and threonine residues in proteins by esterification. Here, we report that mice expressing an E3 ligase-inactive HOIL-1[C458S] mutant accumulate polyglucosan in brain, heart and other organs, indicating that HOIL-1's E3 ligase activity is essential to prevent these toxic polysaccharide deposits from accumulating. We found that HOIL-1 monoubiquitylates glycogen and α1:4-linked maltoheptaose in vitro and identify the C6 hydroxyl moiety of glucose as the site of ester-linked ubiquitylation. The monoubiquitylation of maltoheptaose was accelerated > 100-fold by the interaction of Met1-linked or Lys63-linked ubiquitin oligomers with the RBR domain of HOIL-1. HOIL-1 also transferred pre-formed ubiquitin oligomers to maltoheptaose en bloc, producing polyubiquitylated maltoheptaose in one catalytic step. The Sharpin and HOIP components of LUBAC, but not HOIL-1, bound to unbranched and infrequently branched glucose polymers in vitro, but not to highly branched mammalian glycogen, suggesting a potential function in targeting HOIL-1 to unbranched glucosaccharides in cells. We suggest that monoubiquitylation of unbranched glucosaccharides may initiate their removal from cells, preventing precipitation as polyglucosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Kelsall
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Elisha H McCrory
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Yingqi Xu
- Cross-Faculty NMR Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sambit K Nanda
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Paula Mancebo-Gamella
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Axel Knebel
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephen J Matthews
- Cross-Faculty NMR Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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16
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Linear ubiquitination in immune and neurodegenerative diseases, and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:799-811. [PMID: 35343567 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin regulates numerous aspects of biology via a complex ubiquitin code. The linear ubiquitin chain is an atypical code that forms a unique structure, with the C-terminal tail of the distal ubiquitin linked to the N-terminal Met1 of the proximal ubiquitin. Thus far, LUBAC is the only known ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically generates linear ubiquitin chains. LUBAC-induced linear ubiquitin chains regulate inflammatory responses, cell death and immunity. Genetically modified mouse models and cellular assays have revealed that LUBAC is also involved in embryonic development in mice. LUBAC dysfunction is associated with autoimmune diseases, myopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the roles of linear ubiquitin chains and LUBAC in immune and neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss LUBAC inhibitors and their potential as therapeutics for these diseases.
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17
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Mechanistic insights into the subversion of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex by the E3 ligase IpaH1.4 of Shigella flexneri. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116776119. [PMID: 35294289 PMCID: PMC8944867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116776119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceShigella flexneri, a deleterious bacterium, causes massive human infection cases and deaths worldwide. To facilitate survival and replication in infected host cells, S. flexneri can secrete two highly similar E3 ligase effectors, IpaH1.4 and IpaH2.5, to subvert the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), a key player involved in numerous antibacterial signaling pathways of host cells but with poorly understood mechanisms. In this study, through systematic biochemical and structural characterization, we elucidate the multiple tactics adopted by IpaH1.4/2.5 to disarm the human LUBAC and provide mechanistic insights into the subversion of host LUBAC by IpaH1.4/2.5 of S. flexneri.
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18
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812774. [PMID: 35309296 PMCID: PMC8927970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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19
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Chun N, Ang RL, Chan M, Fairchild RL, Baldwin WM, Horwitz JK, Gelles JD, Chipuk JE, Kelliher MA, Pavlov VI, Li Y, Homann D, Heeger PS, Ting AT. T cell-derived tumor necrosis factor induces cytotoxicity by activating RIPK1-dependent target cell death. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148643. [PMID: 34752416 PMCID: PMC8783689 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF ligation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) promotes either inflammation and cell survival by (a) inhibiting RIPK1's death-signaling function and activating NF-κB or (b) causing RIPK1 to associate with the death-inducing signaling complex to initiate apoptosis or necroptosis. The cellular source of TNF that results in RIPK1-dependent cell death remains unclear. To address this, we employed in vitro systems and murine models of T cell-dependent transplant or tumor rejection in which target cell susceptibility to RIPK1-dependent cell death could be genetically altered. We show that TNF released by T cells is necessary and sufficient to activate RIPK1-dependent cell death in target cells and thereby mediate target cell cytolysis independently of T cell frequency. Activation of the RIPK1-dependent cell death program in target cells by T cell-derived TNF accelerates murine cardiac allograft rejection and synergizes with anti-PD1 administration to destroy checkpoint blockade-resistant murine melanoma. Together, the findings uncover a distinct immunological role for TNF released by cytotoxic effector T cells following cognate interactions with their antigenic targets. Manipulating T cell TNF and/or target cell susceptibility to RIPK1-dependent cell death can be exploited to either mitigate or augment T cell-dependent destruction of allografts and malignancies to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chun
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosalind L. Ang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark Chan
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Julian K. Horwitz
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jesse D. Gelles
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and,Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jerry Edward Chipuk
- Tisch Cancer Institute and the Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michelle A. Kelliher
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasile I. Pavlov
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yansui Li
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Department of Medicine and Translational Transplant Research Center and,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adrian T. Ting
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Ang RL, Chan M, Legarda D, Sundberg JP, Sun SC, Gillespie VL, Chun N, Heeger PS, Xiong H, Lira SA, Ting AT. Immune dysregulation in SHARPIN-deficient mice is dependent on CYLD-mediated cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2001602118. [PMID: 34887354 PMCID: PMC8685717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001602118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN, together with RNF31/HOIP and RBCK1/HOIL1, form the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) E3 ligase that catalyzes M1-linked polyubiquitination. Mutations in RNF31/HOIP and RBCK/HOIL1 in humans and Sharpin in mice lead to autoinflammation and immunodeficiency, but the mechanism underlying the immune dysregulation remains unclear. We now show that the phenotype of the Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice is dependent on CYLD, a deubiquitinase previously shown to mediate removal of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Dermatitis, disrupted splenic architecture, and loss of Peyer's patches in the Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice were fully reversed in Sharpincpdm/cpdm Cyld-/- mice. We observed enhanced association of RIPK1 with the death-signaling Complex II following TNF stimulation in Sharpincpdm/cpdm cells, a finding dependent on CYLD since we observed reversal in Sharpincpdm/cpdm Cyld-/- cells. Enhanced RIPK1 recruitment to Complex II in Sharpincpdm/cpdm cells correlated with impaired phosphorylation of CYLD at serine 418, a modification reported to inhibit its enzymatic activity. The dermatitis in the Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice was also ameliorated by the conditional deletion of Cyld using LysM-cre or Cx3cr1-cre indicating that CYLD-dependent death of myeloid cells is inflammatory. Our studies reveal that under physiological conditions, TNF- and RIPK1-dependent cell death is suppressed by the linear ubiquitin-dependent inhibition of CYLD. The Sharpincpdm/cpdm phenotype illustrates the pathological consequences when CYLD inhibition fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind L Ang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
| | - Mark Chan
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Diana Legarda
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Virginia L Gillespie
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Nicholas Chun
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Adrian T Ting
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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21
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Linear Ubiquitination Mediates EGFR-Induced NF-κB Pathway and Tumor Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111875. [PMID: 34769306 PMCID: PMC8585052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that instigates several signaling cascades, including the NF-κB signaling pathway, to induce cell differentiation and proliferation. Overexpression and mutations of EGFR are found in up to 30% of solid tumors and correlate with a poor prognosis. Although it is known that EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation is involved in tumor development, the signaling axis is not well elucidated. Here, we found that plakophilin 2 (PKP2) and the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) were required for EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation. Upon EGF stimulation, EGFR recruited PKP2 to the plasma membrane, and PKP2 bridged HOIP, the catalytic E3 ubiquitin ligase in the LUBAC, to the EGFR complex. The recruitment activated the LUBAC complex and the linear ubiquitination of NEMO, leading to IκB phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB activation. Furthermore, EGF-induced linear ubiquitination was critical for tumor cell proliferation and tumor development. Knockout of HOIP impaired EGF-induced NF-κB activity and reduced cell proliferation. HOIP knockout also abrogated the growth of A431 epidermal xenograft tumors in nude mice by more than 70%. More importantly, the HOIP inhibitor, HOIPIN-8, inhibited EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation and cell proliferation of A431, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Overall, our study reveals a novel linear ubiquitination signaling axis of EGFR and that perturbation of HOIP E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is potential targeted cancer therapy.
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22
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Xu R, Lu T, Zhao J, Li Q, Wang J, Peng B, Liu J, Zhang P, Qu L, Chang X, Yao L, Zhang L. Identification of ubiquitinated substrate proteins and their gene expression patterns in lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1692. [PMID: 34988201 PMCID: PMC8667112 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a malignant disease with the highest cancer-related mortality rate. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), protein ubiquitination can regulate multiple biological processes. A LUAD ubiquitylome analysis has not yet been reported. Methods We used for the first time ion mobility into liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to perform accurate and reliable ubiquitylome and proteomic analysis of clinical LUAD and normal tissues and combined it with transcriptome data obtained from public databases. Ubiquitinated protein substrates and their gene expression pattern landscapes in LUAD were identified using bioinformatics methods. Results Our data revealed a ubiquitination landscape in LUAD and identified characteristic protein ubiquitination motifs. We found that the ubiquitinated peptide motifs in LUAD were completely different from those of previously published lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Moreover, we identified two gene expression patterns of ubiquitinated proteins and revealed that survival differences between these patterns may be correlated with the tumor immune infiltrating microenvironment. Finally, we constructed a prognostic predictive model to quantify the relationship between expression patterns and survival. We found a relationship between the patient-applied model score and multiple drug sensitivity. Therefore, our model can serve as a guide for LUAD clinical treatment. Conclusions Our work addresses the lack of ubiquitylome studies in LUAD and provides new perspectives for subsequent research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lidong Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingqi Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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New Look of EBV LMP1 Signaling Landscape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215451. [PMID: 34771613 PMCID: PMC8582580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection is associated with various lymphomas and carcinomas as well as other diseases in humans. The transmembrane protein LMP1 plays versatile roles in EBV life cycle and pathogenesis, by perturbing, reprograming, and regulating a large range of host cellular mechanisms and functions, which have been increasingly disclosed but not fully understood so far. We summarize recent research progress on LMP1 signaling, including the novel components LIMD1, p62, and LUBAC in LMP1 signalosome and LMP1 novel functions, such as its induction of p62-mediated selective autophagy, regulation of metabolism, induction of extracellular vehicles, and activation of NRF2-mediated antioxidative defense. A comprehensive understanding of LMP1 signal transduction and functions may allow us to leverage these LMP1-regulated cellular mechanisms for clinical purposes. Abstract The Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) principal oncoprotein Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) is a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) superfamily with constitutive activity. LMP1 shares many features with Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs), including the use of TRAFs, adaptors, and kinase cascades, for signal transduction leading to the activation of NFκB, AP1, and Akt, as well as a subset of IRFs and likely the master antioxidative transcription factor NRF2, which we have gradually added to the list. In recent years, we have discovered the Linear UBiquitin Assembly Complex (LUBAC), the adaptor protein LIMD1, and the ubiquitin sensor and signaling hub p62, as novel components of LMP1 signalosome. Functionally, LMP1 is a pleiotropic factor that reprograms, balances, and perturbs a large spectrum of cellular mechanisms, including the ubiquitin machinery, metabolism, epigenetics, DNA damage response, extracellular vehicles, immune defenses, and telomere elongation, to promote oncogenic transformation, cell proliferation and survival, anchorage-independent cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis and invasion, as well as the development of the tumor microenvironment. We have recently shown that LMP1 induces p62-mediated selective autophagy in EBV latency, at least by contributing to the induction of p62 expression, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. We have also been collecting evidence supporting the hypothesis that LMP1 activates the Keap1-NRF2 pathway, which serves as the key antioxidative defense mechanism. Last but not least, our preliminary data shows that LMP1 is associated with the deregulation of cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway in EBV latency. A comprehensive understanding of the LMP1 signaling landscape is essential for identifying potential targets for the development of novel strategies towards targeted therapeutic applications.
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24
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Jain R, Zhao K, Sheridan JM, Heinlein M, Kupresanin F, Abeysekera W, Hall C, Rickard J, Bouillet P, Walczak H, Strasser A, Silke J, Gray DHD. Dual roles for LUBAC signaling in thymic epithelial cell development and survival. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2946-2956. [PMID: 34381167 PMCID: PMC8481470 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) form a unique microenvironment that orchestrates T cell differentiation and immunological tolerance. Despite the importance of TECs for adaptive immunity, there is an incomplete understanding of the signalling networks that support their differentiation and survival. We report that the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is essential for medullary TEC (mTEC) differentiation, cortical TEC survival and prevention of premature thymic atrophy. TEC-specific loss of LUBAC proteins, HOIL-1 or HOIP, severely impaired expansion of the thymic medulla and AIRE-expressing cells. Furthermore, HOIL-1-deficiency caused early thymic atrophy due to Caspase-8/MLKL-dependent apoptosis/necroptosis of cortical TECs. By contrast, deficiency in the LUBAC component, SHARPIN, caused relatively mild defects only in mTECs. These distinct roles for LUBAC components in TECs correlate with their function in linear ubiquitination, NFκB activation and cell survival. Thus, our findings reveal dual roles for LUBAC signaling in TEC differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Jain
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelin Zhao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie M Sheridan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Heinlein
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fiona Kupresanin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Rickard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel H D Gray
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Barnabei L, Laplantine E, Mbongo W, Rieux-Laucat F, Weil R. NF-κB: At the Borders of Autoimmunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716469. [PMID: 34434197 PMCID: PMC8381650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this review, we discuss the NF-κB inducers, signaling pathways, and regulators involved in immune homeostasis as well as detail the importance of post-translational regulation by ubiquitination in NF-κB function. We also indicate the stages of central and peripheral tolerance where NF-κB plays a fundamental role. With respect to central tolerance, we detail how NF-κB regulates medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) development, homeostasis, and function. Moreover, we elaborate on its role in the migration of double-positive (DP) thymocytes from the thymic cortex to the medulla. With respect to peripheral tolerance, we outline how NF-κB contributes to the inactivation and destruction of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes as well as the differentiation of CD4+-T cell subsets that are implicated in immune tolerance. In the latter half of the review, we describe the contribution of NF-κB to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The recent discovery of mutations involving components of the pathway has both deepened our understanding of autoimmune disease and informed new therapeutic approaches to treat these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barnabei
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - William Mbongo
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
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26
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Wu X, Tang Y, Zhang S, Zhao X, Lin X. MyD88-Dependent Signaling Is Required for HOIP Deficiency-Induced Autoinflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:542-554. [PMID: 34253576 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) plays pivotal roles in regulating lymphocyte activation, inflammation, and cell death. This is highlighted by the fact that patients with mutations in LUBAC catalytic subunit HOIP suffer from autoinflammation combined with immunodeficiency. Although defective development of T and B cells resulting from HOIP deficiency in adaptive immunity can explain immunodeficiency, the pathogenesis of autoinflammation is not clear. In this study, we found that dendritic cell (DC)-specific deletion of HOIP resulted in spontaneous inflammation, indicating the essential role of HOIP in maintaining DC homeostasis. Although HOIP deficiency in DCs did not affect TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation, it enhanced TNF-α-induced apoptosis and necroptosis. However, crossing HoipDC KO mice with TNFR1-knockout mice surprisingly could not rescue the systematic inflammation, suggesting that the autoinflammation is not due to the effect of HOIP on TNF-α signaling. In contrast, treatment of HoipDC KO mice with antibiotics reduced the inflammation, implying that TLR signaling may contribute to the inflammatory phenotype found in HoipDC KO mice. Consistently, we found that LPS induced more cell death and significantly higher levels of IL-1α and IL-1β in HoipDC KO cells. Importantly, MyD88 deficiency rescued the inflammatory phenotype in HoipDC KO mice. Together, these findings reveal the indispensable function of HOIP in maintaining DC homeostasis, and MyD88-dependent proinflammatory signal plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of human autoinflammation associated with HOIP mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yong Tang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Silin Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; and .,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Zhou L, Ge Y, Fu Y, Wu B, Zhang Y, Li L, Cui CP, Wang S, Zhang L. Global Screening of LUBAC and OTULIN Interacting Proteins by Human Proteome Microarray. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686395. [PMID: 34262903 PMCID: PMC8274477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is a reversible posttranslational modification, which plays key roles in multiple biological processes. Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) catalyzes linear ubiquitination, while the deubiquitinase OTULIN (OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity, FAM105B) exclusively cleaves the linear ubiquitin chains. However, our understanding of linear ubiquitination is restricted to a few substrates and pathways. Here we used a human proteome microarray to detect the interacting proteins of LUBAC and OTULIN by systematically screening up to 20,000 proteins. We identified many potential interacting proteins of LUBAC and OTULIN, which may function as regulators or substrates of linear ubiquitination. Interestingly, our results also hint that linear ubiquitination may have broad functions in diverse pathways. In addition, we recognized lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3, CD223), a transmembrane receptor that negatively regulates lymphocyte functions as a novel substrate of linear ubiquitination in the adaptive immunity pathway. In conclusion, our results provide searchable, accessible data for the interacting proteins of LUBAC and OTULIN, which broaden our understanding of linear ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yesheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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28
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Hong JY, Lin SC, Kuo BJ, Lo YC. Structural and Biochemical Basis for Higher-Order Assembly between A20-Binding Inhibitor of NF-κB 1 (ABIN1) and M1-Linked Ubiquitins. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167116. [PMID: 34161781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyubiquitination is important in controlling NF-κB signaling. Excessive NF-κB activity has been linked to inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases, while ABIN1 could attenuate NF-κB activation to maintain immune homeostasis by utilizing UBAN to recognize linear (M1)-linked polyubiquitinated NF-κB activation mediators, including NEMO, IRAK1 and RIP1. PolyUb-mediated UBAN recruitment remains undetermined, since the recognition studies focused mostly on di-ubiquitin (diUb). Here we report three crystal structures of human ABIN1 UBAN (hABIN1UBAN) in complex with M1-linked diUb, triUb, and tetraUb, respectively. Notably, the hABIN1UBAN:diUb structure reveals that a diUb randomly binds one of the Ub-binding sites of the hABIN1UBAN dimer and leaves the other site vacant. Together with the ITC and gel-filtration analyses, we found that M1-triUb and M1-tetraUb adopt two unique conformations, instead of an elongated one, and they preferentially use the N-terminal two-Ub unit to bind the primary Ub-binding site of a hABIN1UBAN dimer and the C-terminal two-Ub unit to bind the secondary Ub-binding site of another hABIN1UBAN dimer. Especially, our results suggest that two ABIN1UBAN dimers cooperatively bind two UBAN-binding units of a tetraUb or vice versa. Since the UBAN family members share a conserved diUb-binding mode, our results suggest that M1-polyUb modification allows multiple copies of the two-tandem Ub unit to simultaneously coordinate multiple and/or different binding partners to increase their local concentrations and to facilitate the formation of a large signaling complex. Our study provides a structural-functional glimpse of M1-polyUb as a multiple-molecule binding platform to exert its intrinsic structural plasticity in mediating cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhen-Yi Hong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chang Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Jiun Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Lo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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29
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Yan B, Guo Y, Gui Y, Jiang ZS, Zheng XL. Multifunctional RNase MCPIP1 and its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3385-3405. [PMID: 33191882 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999201113100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), one of the MCPIP family members, is characterized by the presence of both C-x8-C-x5-C-x3-H (CCCH)- type zinc finger and PilT-N-terminal domains. As a potent regulator of innate immunity, MCPIP1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects through its ribonuclease (RNase) and deubiquitinating enzyme activities to degrade cytokine mRNAs and inhibit nuclear factor- kappa B (NF-κB), respectively. MCPIP1 is expressed not only in immune cells but also in many other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Increasing evidence indicates that MCPIP1 plays a role in the regulation of cardiac functions and is involved in the processes of vascular diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and atherosclerosis. To better understand the emerging roles of MCPIP1 in the cardiovascular system, we reviewed the current literature with respect to MCPIP1 functions and discussed its association with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and the implication as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, ABT2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yu Gui
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, ABT2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Physiology & Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, ABT2N 4N1, Canada
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30
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Zinatizadeh MR, Schock B, Chalbatani GM, Zarandi PK, Jalali SA, Miri SR. The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling in cancer development and immune diseases. Genes Dis 2021; 8:287-297. [PMID: 33997176 PMCID: PMC8093649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) family of transcription factors plays an essential role as stressors in the cellular environment, and controls the expression of important regulatory genes such as immunity, inflammation, death, and cell proliferation. NF-kB protein is located in the cytoplasm, and can be activated by various cellular stimuli. There are two pathways for NF-kB activation, as the canonical and non-canonical pathways, which require complex molecular interactions with adapter proteins and phosphorylation and ubiquitinase enzymes. Accordingly, this increases NF-kB translocation in the nucleus and regulates gene expression. In this study, the concepts that emerge in different cellular systems allow the design of NF-kB function in humans. This would not only allow the development for rare diseases associated with NF-kB, but would also be used as a source of useful information to eliminate widespread consequences such as cancer or inflammatory/immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bettina Schock
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
| | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran
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Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal "processor" for myriad ubiquitylation pathways, the proteasome evolved exceptional adaptability in dynamically organizing a large network of proteins, including ubiquitin receptors, shuttle factors, deubiquitinases, AAA-ATPase unfoldases, and ubiquitin ligases, to enable substrate selectivity and processing efficiency and to achieve regulation precision of a vast diversity of substrates. The inner working of the 26S proteasome is among the most sophisticated, enigmatic mechanisms of enzyme machinery in eukaryotic cells. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional atomic-level visualization of the 26S proteasome dynamics during polyubiquitylated substrate degradation elucidated an extensively detailed picture of its functional mechanisms, owing to progressive methodological advances associated with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Multiple sites of ubiquitin binding in the proteasome revealed a canonical mode of ubiquitin-dependent substrate engagement. The proteasome conformation in the act of substrate deubiquitylation provided insights into how the deubiquitylating activity of RPN11 is enhanced in the holoenzyme and is coupled to substrate translocation. Intriguingly, three principal modes of coordinated ATP hydrolysis in the heterohexameric AAA-ATPase motor were discovered to regulate intermediate functional steps of the proteasome, including ubiquitin-substrate engagement, deubiquitylation, initiation of substrate translocation and processive substrate degradation. The atomic dissection of the innermost working of the 26S proteasome opens up a new era in our understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and has far-reaching implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Mao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA. .,School of Physics, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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32
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Serine 165 phosphorylation of SHARPIN regulates the activation of NF-κB. iScience 2021; 24:101939. [PMID: 33392484 PMCID: PMC7773595 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor SHARPIN composes, together with the E3 ligases HOIP and HOIL1, the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). This enzymatic complex catalyzes and stamps atypical linear ubiquitin chains onto substrates to modify their fate and has been linked to the regulation of the NF-κB pathway downstream of most immunoreceptors, inflammation, and cell death. However, how this signaling complex is regulated is not fully understood. Here, we report that a portion of SHARPIN is constitutively phosphorylated on the serine at position 165 in lymphoblastoid cells and can be further induced following T cell receptor stimulation. Analysis of a phosphorylation-resistant mutant of SHARPIN revealed that this mark controls the linear ubiquitination of the NF-κB regulator NEMO and allows the optimal activation of NF-κB in response to TNFα. These results identify an additional layer of regulation of the LUBAC and unveil potential strategies to modulate its action. Part of SHARPIN is constitutively phosphorylated on S165 in lymphoblastoid cells SHARPIN S165 phosphorylation governs TNFα-mediated linear ubiquitination of NEMO Mutation of S165 hinders NF-κB activation
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33
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MIND bomb 2 prevents RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent and -independent apoptosis through ubiquitylation of cFLIP L. Commun Biol 2021; 4:80. [PMID: 33469115 PMCID: PMC7815719 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind bomb 2 (MIB2) is an E3 ligase involved in Notch signalling and attenuates TNF-induced apoptosis through ubiquitylation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and cylindromatosis. Here we show that MIB2 bound and conjugated K48– and K63–linked polyubiquitin chains to a long-form of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIPL), a catalytically inactive homologue of caspase 8. Deletion of MIB2 did not impair the TNF-induced complex I formation that mediates NF-κB activation but significantly enhanced formation of cytosolic death-inducing signalling complex II. TNF-induced RIPK1 Ser166 phosphorylation, a hallmark of RIPK1 death-inducing activity, was enhanced in MIB2 knockout cells, as was RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent and -independent apoptosis. Moreover, RIPK1 kinase activity-independent apoptosis was induced in cells expressing cFLIPL mutants lacking MIB2-dependent ubiquitylation. Together, these results suggest that MIB2 suppresses both RIPK1 kinase activity-dependent and -independent apoptosis, through suppression of RIPK1 kinase activity and ubiquitylation of cFLIPL, respectively. Nakabayashi et al find that the E3 ligase MIB2 ubiquitylates the apoptosis-inhibitor cFLIP and that deletion of MIB2 enhances both RIPK1 kinase-dependent and -independent apoptosis through an increase in RIPK1 kinase activity and impairment of ubiquitylation of cFLIPL, respectively.
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Jahan AS, Elbæk CR, Damgaard RB. Met1-linked ubiquitin signalling in health and disease: inflammation, immunity, cancer, and beyond. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:473-492. [PMID: 33441937 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin (ubiquitination) provides a rapid and versatile mechanism for regulating cellular signalling systems. Met1-linked (or 'linear') ubiquitin chains have emerged as a key regulatory signal that controls cell death, immune signalling, and other vital cellular functions. The molecular machinery that assembles, senses, and disassembles Met1-linked ubiquitin chains is highly specific. In recent years, the thorough biochemical and genetic characterisation of the enzymes and proteins of the Met1-linked ubiquitin signalling machinery has paved the way for substantial advances in our understanding of how Met1-linked ubiquitin chains control cell signalling and biology. Here, we review current knowledge and recent insights into the role of Met1-linked ubiquitin chains in cell signalling with an emphasis on their role in disease biology. Met1-linked ubiquitin has potent regulatory functions in immune signalling, NF-κB transcription factor activation, and cell death. Importantly, mounting evidence shows that dysregulation of Met1-linked ubiquitin signalling is associated with multiple human diseases, including immune disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. We discuss the latest evidence on the cellular function of Met1-linked ubiquitin in the context of its associated diseases and highlight new emerging roles of Met1-linked ubiquitin chains in cell signalling, including regulation of protein quality control and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhee Sabiha Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Reiter Elbæk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Oikawa D, Hatanaka N, Suzuki T, Tokunaga F. Cellular and Mathematical Analyses of LUBAC Involvement in T Cell Receptor-Mediated NF-κB Activation Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601926. [PMID: 33329596 PMCID: PMC7732508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The LUBAC ubiquitin ligase complex, composed of the HOIP, HOIL-1L, and SHARPIN subunits, stimulates the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation pathways through its Met1-linked linear ubiquitination activity. Here we performed cellular and mathematical modeling analyses of the LUBAC involvement in the T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated NF-κB activation pathway, using the Jurkat human T cell line. LUBAC is indispensable for TCR-induced NF-κB and T cell activation, and transiently associates with and linearly ubiquitinates the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) complex, through the catalytic HOIP subunit. In contrast, the linear ubiquitination of NEMO, a substrate of the TNF-α-induced canonical NF-κB activation pathway, was limited during the TCR pathway. Among deubiquitinases, OTULIN, but not CYLD, plays a major role in downregulating LUBAC-mediated TCR signaling. Mathematical modeling indicated that linear ubiquitination of the CBM complex accelerates the activation of IκB kinase (IKK), as compared with the activity induced by linear ubiquitination of NEMO alone. Moreover, simulations of the sequential linear ubiquitination of the CBM complex suggested that the allosteric regulation of linear (de)ubiquitination of CBM subunits is controlled by the ubiquitin-linkage lengths. These results indicated that, unlike the TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation pathway, the TCR-mediated NF-κB activation in T lymphocytes has a characteristic mechanism to induce LUBAC-mediated NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Hatanaka
- Division of Mathematical Science, Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Center for Mathematical Modeling and Data Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Fu YW, Li L, Wang XQ, Zhou Y, Zhu LF, Mei YM, Xu Y. The inhibitory effect of the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) on inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1487-1497. [PMID: 33031609 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experiments were performed to evaluate CYLD expression in human gingival tissue samples and to examine the effects of CYLD on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or TNF-α-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CYLD and p65 expression was performed with healthy and inflamed gingival tissue samples. siRNA was used to knock down the expression of CYLD in HGFs. Upon LPS or TNF-α stimulation, NF-κB activation was detected in control and CYLD-knockdown HGFs. RT-PCR was applied to determine gene expression. Western blot analyses were employed to assess protein expression. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to evaluate the nuclear translocation of p65. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed the expression of CYLD in human gingival tissues. In addition, CYLD protein expression was reduced in inflamed gingival tissue samples compared with healthy tissue samples. CYLD knockdown greatly enhanced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS- or TNF-α-stimulated HGFs. Furthermore, knocking down CYLD expression increased LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation in HGFs. Unexpectedly, CYLD knockdown did not affect TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CYLD participates in periodontal inflammatory responses by negatively regulating LPS-induced NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Fang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Min Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Umemura S, Zhu J, Chahine JJ, Kallakury B, Chen V, Kim IK, Zhang YW, Goto K, He Y, Giaccone G. Downregulation of CYLD promotes IFN-γ mediated PD-L1 expression in thymic epithelial tumors. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:221-228. [PMID: 32738418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent genomic studies suggest the biological significance of the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). CYLD is a crucial regulator of immune response, and we previously reported that CYLD mutation is associated with high PD-L1 expression in thymic carcinoma. Therefore, we wanted to explore the role and mechanism of CYLD in regulating PD-L1 expression in TETs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The role of CYLD in PD-L1 expression was assessed by knockdown of CYLD in TET cells upon stimulation with interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C). The molecular mechanism was investigated through analysis of downstream molecules in the STAT1/IRF1 pathway. Moreover, the clinical correlation between low CYLD and high PD-L1 expression, and the clinical impact of CYLD expression were evaluated in tissue microarrays of 105 TET cases. RESULTS CYLD knockdown significantly enhanced the expression of PD-L1 in presence of IFN-γ stimulation in most TET cell lines. However, this phenomenon was not observed in presence of TNF-α stimulation. CYLD knockdown upregulated IFN-γ mediated activation of the STAT1/IRF1 axis, which in turn induced PD-L1 expression. Interestingly, we found a significant association between low CYLD expression and ≥ 50 % PD-L1 expression (p = 0.001). In addition, the average proportion of tumor cells exhibiting PD-L1 staining was significantly higher in the low CYLD expression group (24.7 %) than in the high CYLD expression group (5.2 %) (p = 0.005). There was no correlation between CYLD expression and the frequency of pre-existing paraneoplastic auto-immune diseases. In advanced stages (III/IV), the low CYLD expressing group had numerically worse survival than the high CYLD group (log-rank p = 0.089). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into the mechanism of regulation of PD-L1 expression by CYLD in TET cells. Tumors with low CYLD expression could be potential targets for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Umemura
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA; Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jianquan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA; Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Joeffrey J Chahine
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Vincent Chen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - In-Kyu Kim
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yongfeng He
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornel Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Giaccone
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornel Medicine, NY, USA.
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Draberova H, Janusova S, Knizkova D, Semberova T, Pribikova M, Ujevic A, Harant K, Knapkova S, Hrdinka M, Fanfani V, Stracquadanio G, Drobek A, Ruppova K, Stepanek O, Draber P. Systematic analysis of the IL-17 receptor signalosome reveals a robust regulatory feedback loop. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104202. [PMID: 32696476 PMCID: PMC7459424 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL‐17 mediates immune protection from fungi and bacteria, as well as it promotes autoimmune pathologies. However, the regulation of the signal transduction from the IL‐17 receptor (IL‐17R) remained elusive. We developed a novel mass spectrometry‐based approach to identify components of the IL‐17R complex followed by analysis of their roles using reverse genetics. Besides the identification of linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) as an important signal transducing component of IL‐17R, we established that IL‐17 signaling is regulated by a robust negative feedback loop mediated by TBK1 and IKKε. These kinases terminate IL‐17 signaling by phosphorylating the adaptor ACT1 leading to the release of the essential ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 from the complex. NEMO recruits both kinases to the IL‐17R complex, documenting that NEMO has an unprecedented negative function in IL‐17 signaling, distinct from its role in NF‐κB activation. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the molecular events of the IL‐17 signal transduction and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Draberova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Janusova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Knizkova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Semberova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pribikova
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ujevic
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Harant
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sofija Knapkova
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matous Hrdinka
- Department of Haematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Viola Fanfani
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, SynthSys, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, SynthSys, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ales Drobek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Ruppova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Draber
- Laboratory of Immunity & Cell Communication, BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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39
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Chu Y, Kang Y, Yan C, Yang C, Zhang T, Huo H, Liu Y. LUBAC and OTULIN regulate autophagy initiation and maturation by mediating the linear ubiquitination and the stabilization of ATG13. Autophagy 2020; 17:1684-1699. [PMID: 32543267 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1781393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a membrane-mediated intracellular degradation pathway, through which bulky cytoplasmic content is digested in lysosomes. How the autophagy initiation and maturation steps are regulated is not clear. In this study, we found an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) OTULIN localize to the phagophore area to control autophagy initiation and maturation. LUBAC key component RNF31/HOIP translocates to the LC3 puncta area when autophagy is induced. RNF31 knockdown inhibits autophagy initiation, and cells are more sensitive to bacterial infection. OTULIN knockdown, however, promotes autophagy initiation but blocks autophagy maturation. In OTULIN knockdown cells, excessive ubiquitinated ATG13 protein was recruited to the phagophore for prolonged expansion, and therefore inhibits autophagosome maturation. Together, our study provides evidence that LUBAC and OTULIN cooperatively regulate autophagy initiation and autophagosome maturation by mediating the linear ubiquitination and the stabilization of ATG13.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy-related; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CQ: chloroquine; CUL1-FBXL20: cullin 1-F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 20; CUL3-KLHL20: cullin 3-kelch like family member 20; CUL4-AMBRA1: cullin 4-autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1; CYLD: CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DUB: deubiquitinating enzyme; EBSS: Earle's Balanced Salt Solution; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; IKBKG/NEMO: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma; LUBAC: linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B; MIM: MIT-interacting motif; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; NEDD4: NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; NFKB: NF-kappaB complex; OPTN: optineurin; OTULIN: OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity; PIK3C3/Vps34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns: phosphatidylinositol; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; RBCK1/HOIL1: RANBP2-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger containing 1; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RNF216: ring finger protein 216; RNF31/HOIP: ring finger protein 31; RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; S. Typhimurium: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium; SHARPIN: SHANK associated RH domain interactor; SMURF1: SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STING: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STUB1/CHIP: STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1; TNF/TNF-alpha: tumor necrosis factor; TNFAIP3/A20: TNF alpha induced protein 3; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TRIM32: tripartite motif containing 32; UBAN: ubiquitin binding in TNIP/ABIN and IKBKG/NEMO proteins; ULK1/2: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1/2; USP: ubiquitin specific peptidase; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; VCPIP1: valosin containing protein interacting protein 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting protein 2; ZBTB16-CUL3-RBX1: zinc finger and BTB domain containing protein 16-cullin 3-ring-box 1; ZRANB1: zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjin Kang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Yan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiwei Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Huo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Douanne T, Chapelier S, Rottapel R, Gavard J, Bidère N. The LUBAC participates in lysophosphatidic acid-induced NF-κB activation. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104133. [PMID: 32450431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The natural bioactive glycerophospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) binds to its cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the cell surface to promote the activation of several transcription factors, including NF-κB. LPA-mediated activation of NF-κB relies on the formation of a signalosome that contains the scaffold CARMA3, the adaptor BCL10 and the paracaspase MALT1 (CBM complex). The CBM complex has been extensively studied in lymphocytes, where it links antigen receptors to NF-κB activation via the recruitment of the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC), a tripartite complex of HOIP, HOIL1 and SHARPIN. Moreover, MALT1 cleaves the LUBAC subunit HOIL1 to further enhance NF-κB activation. However, the contribution of the LUBAC downstream of GPCRs has not been investigated. By using murine embryonic fibroblasts from mice deficient for HOIP, HOIL1 and SHARPIN, we report that the LUBAC is crucial for the activation of NF-κB in response to LPA. Further echoing the situation in lymphocytes, LPA unbridles the protease activity of MALT1, which cleaves HOIL1 at the Arginine 165. The expression of a MALT1-insensitive version of HOIL1 reveals that this processing is involved in the optimal production of the NF-κB target cytokine interleukin-6. Lastly, we provide evidence that the guanine exchange factor GEF-H1 favors MALT1-mediated cleavage of HOIL1 and NF-κB signaling in this context. Together, our results unveil a critical role for the LUBAC as a positive regulator of NF-κB signaling downstream of LPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Douanne
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Chapelier
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Gavard
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Site René Gauducheau, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nicolas Bidère
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Team SOAP, F-440000 Nantes, France.
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41
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Zhao M, Song K, Hao W, Wang L, Patil G, Li Q, Xu L, Hua F, Fu B, Schwamborn JC, Dorf ME, Li S. Non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN regulates NF-κB signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:163-175. [PMID: 31504727 PMCID: PMC7181720 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling regulates diverse processes such as cell death, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. The activity of NF-κB is controlled by methionine 1-linked linear polyubiquitin, which is assembled by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L3. Recent studies found that the deubiquitinase OTULIN breaks the linear ubiquitin chain, thus inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Despite the essential role of OTULIN in NF-κB signaling has been established, the regulatory mechanism for OTULIN is not well elucidated. To discover the potential regulators of OTULIN, we analyzed the OTULIN protein complex by proteomics and revealed several OTULIN-binding proteins, including LUBAC and tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32). TRIM32 is known to activate NF-κB signaling, but the mechanism is not clear. Genetic complement experiments found that TRIM32 is upstream of OTULIN and TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on OTULIN. Mutagenesis of the E3 ligase domain showed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation. Further experiments found that TRIM32 conjugates polyubiquitin onto OTULIN and the polyubiquitin blocks the interaction between HOIP and OTULIN, thereby activating NF-κB signaling. Taken together, we report a novel regulatory mechanism by which TRIM32-mediated non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN impedes the access of OTULIN to the LUBAC and promotes NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Wenzhuo Hao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Girish Patil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Qingmei Li
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Bishi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Martin E Dorf
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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42
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Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Holbrook J, Lara-Reyna S, McDermott MF. TNF receptor signalling in autoinflammatory diseases. Int Immunol 2020; 31:639-648. [PMID: 30838383 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinflammatory syndromes are a group of disorders characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation as a result of specific defects in the innate immune system. Patients with autoinflammatory disease present with recurrent outbreaks of chronic systemic inflammation that are mediated by innate immune cells, for the most part. A number of these diseases arise from defects in the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) signalling pathway leading to elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of these recently defined autoinflammatory diseases has led to a greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of key molecules involved in TNFR signalling, particularly those involved in ubiquitination, as found in haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20), otulipenia/OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome (ORAS) and linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) deficiency. In this review, we also address other TNFR signalling disorders such as TNFR-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), RELA haploinsufficiency, RIPK1-associated immunodeficiency and autoinflammation, X-linked ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency (X-EDA-ID) and we review the most recent advances surrounding these diseases and therapeutic approaches currently used to target these diseases. Finally, we explore therapeutic advances in TNF-related immune-based therapies and explore new approaches to target disease-specific modulation of autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Marzio A, Pagano M. Loss of the deubiquitinase OTULIN promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an mTOR-dependent manner. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1455-1456. [PMID: 32225171 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marzio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Damgaard RB, Jolin HE, Allison MED, Davies SE, Titheradge HL, McKenzie ANJ, Komander D. OTULIN protects the liver against cell death, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1457-1474. [PMID: 32231246 PMCID: PMC7206033 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine-1 (M1)-linked polyubiquitin chains conjugated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) control NF-κB activation, immune homoeostasis, and prevents tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death. The deubiquitinase OTULIN negatively regulates M1-linked polyubiquitin signalling by removing the chains conjugated by LUBAC, and OTULIN deficiency causes OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome (ORAS) in humans. However, the cellular pathways and physiological functions controlled by OTULIN remain poorly understood. Here, we show that OTULIN prevents development of liver disease in mice and humans. In an ORAS patient, OTULIN deficiency caused spontaneous and progressive steatotic liver disease at 10-13 months of age. Similarly, liver-specific deletion of OTULIN in mice leads to neonatally onset steatosis and hepatitis, akin to the ORAS patient. OTULIN deficiency triggers metabolic alterations, apoptosis, and inflammation in the liver. In mice, steatosis progresses to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and pre-malignant tumour formation by 8 weeks of age, and by the age of 7-12 months the phenotype has advanced to malignant hepatocellular carcinoma. Surprisingly, the pathology in OTULIN-deficient livers is independent of TNFR1 signalling. Instead, we find that steatohepatitis in OTULIN-deficient livers is associated with aberrant mTOR activation, and inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin administration significantly reduces the liver pathology. Collectively, our results reveal that OTULIN is critical for maintaining liver homoeostasis and suggest that M1-linked polyubiquitin chains may play a role in regulation of mTOR signalling and metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Busk Damgaard
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. .,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Helen E Jolin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Michael E D Allison
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hannah L Titheradge
- Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Komander
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. .,Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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45
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Arih2 gene influences immune response and tissue development in chicken. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190933. [PMID: 31551339 PMCID: PMC6822486 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ariadne homolog 2 (ARIH2), as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is one of the important factors involved in regulating biological functions, such as inflammation and skeletal muscle degeneration. In the present study, the full-length coding sequence of Arih2 gene was cloned from Hy-Line Brown chicken. The tissue transcriptional profiles of Arih2 gene at different developmental stages were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the Arih2 functional characteristics in immune response were analyzed. The results showed that the full-length coding sequence of Arih2 gene was 1473 bp, encoding 490 amino acids, and conservative between different species. The Arih2 gene was transcribed in various tissues at different developmental stages, and its transcriptional activities varied significantly between multiple tissues. With the development of chicken, Arih2 gene was basically up-regulated in heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and glandular stomach, but fluctuated significantly in large intestine. In immune response, the transcriptional activities of Arih2 gene exhibited significant changes in the bursa, thymus and blood (P<0.05). The results showed that Arih2 might be a multifunctional gene involved in tissue development and immune response in chicken, and have a potential possible application as diagnostic marker for identifying immune response.
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The E3 ligase HOIL-1 catalyses ester bond formation between ubiquitin and components of the Myddosome in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13293-13298. [PMID: 31209050 PMCID: PMC6613137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905873116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) comprises 3 components: HOIP, HOIL-1, and Sharpin, of which HOIP and HOIL-1 are both members of the RBR subfamily of E3 ubiquitin ligases. HOIP catalyses the formation of Met1-linked ubiquitin oligomers (also called linear ubiquitin), but the function of the E3 ligase activity of HOIL-1 is unknown. Here, we report that HOIL-1 is an atypical E3 ligase that forms oxyester bonds between the C terminus of ubiquitin and serine and threonine residues in its substrates. Exploiting the sensitivity of HOIL-1-generated oxyester bonds to cleavage by hydroxylamine, and macrophages from knock-in mice expressing the E3 ligase-inactive HOIL-1[C458S] mutant, we identify IRAK1, IRAK2, and MyD88 as physiological substrates of the HOIL-1 E3 ligase during Toll-like receptor signaling. HOIL-1 is a monoubiquitylating E3 ubiquitin ligase that initiates the de novo synthesis of polyubiquitin chains that are attached to these proteins in macrophages. HOIL-1 also catalyses its own monoubiquitylation in cells and most probably the monoubiquitylation of Sharpin, in which ubiquitin is also attached by an oxyester bond. Our study establishes that oxyester-linked ubiquitylation is used as an intracellular signaling mechanism.
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Choi J, Busino L. E3 ubiquitin ligases in B-cell malignancies. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103905. [PMID: 30827673 PMCID: PMC6584052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that controls various cellular signaling pathways. It is orchestrated by a three-step enzymatic cascade know as the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). E3 ligases dictate the specificity to the substrates, primarily leading to proteasome-dependent degradation. Deregulation of the UPS components by various mechanisms contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer. This review focuses on E3 ligase-substrates pairings that are implicated in B-cell malignancies. Understanding the molecular mechanism of specific E3 ubiquitin ligases will present potential opportunities for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Clark AR, Ohlmeyer M. Protein phosphatase 2A as a therapeutic target in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:181-201. [PMID: 31158394 PMCID: PMC6700395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a highly complex heterotrimeric enzyme that catalyzes the selective removal of phosphate groups from protein serine and threonine residues. Emerging evidence suggests that it functions as a tumor suppressor by constraining phosphorylation-dependent signalling pathways that regulate cellular transformation and metastasis. Therefore, PP2A-activating drugs (PADs) are being actively sought and investigated as potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Here we explore the concept that PP2A also constrains inflammatory responses through its inhibitory effects on various signalling pathways, suggesting that PADs may be effective in the treatment of inflammation-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Brostjan C, Hoesel B, Schoergenhofer C, Datler H, Hohensinner P, Basílio J, Petzelbauer P, Assinger A, Schmid JA. Cell Type-Specific Roles of NF-κB Linking Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30778349 PMCID: PMC6369217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation with multiple links to thrombotic processes. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB signaling in cell types within the vasculature and the circulation that are involved in thrombo-inflammatory processes. All these cells express NF-κB, which mediates important functions in cellular interactions, cell survival and differentiation, as well as expression of cytokines, chemokines, and coagulation factors. Even platelets, as anucleated cells, contain NF-κB family members and their corresponding signaling molecules, which are involved in platelet activation, as well as secondary feedback circuits. The response of endothelial cells to inflammation and NF-κB activation is characterized by the induction of adhesion molecules promoting binding and transmigration of leukocytes, while simultaneously increasing their thrombogenic potential. Paracrine signaling from endothelial cells activates NF-κB in vascular smooth muscle cells and causes a phenotypic switch to a “synthetic” state associated with a decrease in contractile proteins. Monocytes react to inflammatory situations with enforced expression of tissue factor and after differentiation to macrophages with altered polarization. Neutrophils respond with an extension of their life span—and upon full activation they can expel their DNA thereby forming so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exert antibacterial functions, but also induce a strong coagulatory response. This may cause formation of microthrombi that are important for the immobilization of pathogens, a process designated as immunothrombosis. However, deregulation of the complex cellular links between inflammation and thrombosis by unrestrained NET formation or the loss of the endothelial layer due to mechanical rupture or erosion can result in rapid activation and aggregation of platelets and the manifestation of thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is an important example of such a disorder caused by a dysregulated host response to infection finally leading to severe coagulopathies. NF-κB is critically involved in these pathophysiological processes as it induces both inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Datler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Beck DB, Aksentijevich I. Biochemistry of Autoinflammatory Diseases: Catalyzing Monogenic Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30766537 PMCID: PMC6365650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic autoinflammatory disorders are a group of conditions defined by systemic or localized inflammation without identifiable causes, such as infection. In contrast to classical primary immunodeficiencies that manifest with impaired immune responses, these disorders are due to defects in genes that regulate innate immunity leading to constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. Through studying patients with rare autoinflammatory conditions, novel mechanisms of inflammation have been identified that bare on our understanding not only of basic signaling in inflammatory cells, but also of the pathogenesis of more common inflammatory diseases and have guided treatment modalities. Autoinflammation has further been implicated as an important component of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic syndromes. In this review, we will focus on a subset of inherited enzymatic deficiencies that lead to constitutive inflammation, and how these rare diseases have provided insights into diverse areas of cell biology not restricted to immune cells. In this way, Mendelian disorders of the innate immune system, and in particular loss of catalytic activity of enzymes in distinct pathways, have expanded our understanding of the interplay between many seemingly disparate cellular processes. We also explore the overlap between autoinflammation, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency, which has been increasingly recognized in patients with dysregulated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Beck
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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