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Purpura G, Fumagalli S, Nacinovich R, Riva A, Ornaghi S, Serafini M, Nespoli A. Effects of social and sensory deprivation in newborns: A lesson from the Covid-19 experience. Early Hum Dev 2023; 185:105853. [PMID: 37666054 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infancy is a complex period of human life, in which environmental experiences have a fundamental role for neurodevelopment. Although conditions of social and sensory deprivation are uncommon in high income countries, the Covid-19 pandemic abruptly modified this condition, by depriving people of their social stimuli of daily life. AIM To understand the impact of this deprivation on infants' behaviour, we investigated the short-term effects of isolation and use of individual protective systems by mothers during the first two weeks of life. METHODS The study included 11 mother-infant dyads with mothers tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 at the time of delivery (Covid group) and 11 dyads with a SARS-CoV-2 negative mother as controls. Neurobehavioral, visual, and sensory processing assessments were performed from birth to 3 months of age. RESULTS Findings showed the effect of deprivation on some neurobehavioral abilities of infants in the Covid group; in addition, differences in sensory maturation trends were observed, although they tended to gradually decrease until disappearance at 3 months of age. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the significant effects of early sensory and social deprivation during the first two weeks of life, but also provide several insights on the ability of the brain to restore its aptitudes by deleting or reducing the effects of early deprivation before the critical periods' closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Purpura
- University of Milano Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy.
| | - Simona Fumagalli
- University of Milano Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Renata Nacinovich
- University of Milano Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; Child and Adolescent Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Riva
- University of Milano Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; Child and Adolescent Health Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Ornaghi
- University of Milano Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Marzia Serafini
- University of Milano Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonella Nespoli
- University of Milano Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Marschik PB, Kulvicius T, Flügge S, Widmann C, Nielsen-Saines K, Schulte-Rüther M, Hüning B, Bölte S, Poustka L, Sigafoos J, Wörgötter F, Einspieler C, Zhang D. Open video data sharing in developmental science and clinical practice. iScience 2023; 26:106348. [PMID: 36994082 PMCID: PMC10040728 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In behavioral research and clinical practice video data has rarely been shared or pooled across sites due to ethical concerns of confidentiality, although the need of shared large-scaled datasets remains increasing. This demand is even more imperative when data-heavy computer-based approaches are involved. To share data while abiding by privacy protection rules, a critical question arises whether efforts at data de-identification reduce data utility? We addressed this question by showcasing an established and video-based diagnostic tool for detecting neurological deficits. We demonstrated for the first time that, for analyzing infant neuromotor functions, pseudonymization by face-blurring video recordings is a viable approach. The redaction did not affect classification accuracy for either human assessors or artificial intelligence methods, suggesting an adequate and easy-to-apply solution for sharing behavioral video data. Our work shall encourage more innovative solutions to share and merge stand-alone video datasets into large data pools to advance science and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Marschik
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- iDN – interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tomas Kulvicius
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Flügge
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudius Widmann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Martin Schulte-Rüther
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Hüning
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 11861 Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, 6102 Perth, WA
| | - Luise Poustka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeff Sigafoos
- School of Education, Victoria University of Wellington, 6012 Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Florentin Wörgötter
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Computational Neuroscience, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christa Einspieler
- iDN – interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dajie Zhang
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- iDN – interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Searching for a Relationship between Early Breastfeeding and Cognitive Development of Attention and Working Memory Capacity. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010053. [PMID: 36672035 PMCID: PMC9856597 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research consistently reported that subjects that were exclusively breastfed (eBF) vs. not-exclusively breastfed (neBF) during infancy (0-6 months) showed increased scores of general intelligence measures (e.g., the intelligence quotient). However, the existent literature largely neglected whether breastfeeding also affects specific cognitive processes, such as attention and working memory (WM) capacity. We tested whether eBF vs. neBF subjects showed performance differences in relation to these two core cognitive functions. The Attention Network Test (ANT), to measure alerting, orienting, and conflict, and the Change Colour Task (CCT), to measure visuospatial WM capacity, were administered to 144 participants divided according to age (6-, 10-, and 18-year-old participants) and breastfeeding (eBF or neBF during 0-6 months of life). Importantly, the sub-groups were homogenous in terms of maternal education, a factor potentially affecting the relation between breastfeeding and cognition. While we found increased performance as a function of participants' age in both tasks, we failed to observe effects related to breastfeeding, as evidenced by Bayesian analyses. These findings highlight for the first time that the pattern of nutrition provided during early infancy does not appear to affect the development of attention and WM capacity, at least starting from the age considered in the present study.
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Sabag M, Geva R. Hyper and hypo attention networks activations affect social development in children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:902041. [PMID: 36034110 PMCID: PMC9403843 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.902041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience a range of social and non-social attention deficits. To date, most studies assessed the neurological framework or discrete behavioral traits related to one attention network, leaving a gap in the understanding of the developmental cascade affecting the inter-relations among attention networks in ASD in a pervasive manner. We propose a theoretical framework that integrates the behavioral deficits and neurological manifestations through a cohesive developmental prism of attention networks’ activations while assessing their impact on social deficits in children with ASD. Insights arising from the model suggest hyper-and-hypoactivation of posterior attention networks leads to an altered prefrontal anterior attention network weight in ways that conjointly impact social performance in ASD. This perspective on how attention networks develop and interact in ASD may inform future research directions regarding ASD and attention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Sabag
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Developmental Neuropsychology Lab, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Developmental Neuropsychology Lab, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ronny Geva,
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