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Kim HY, Jun WH. The Mediating Effect of Professional Values on the Relationship Between Self-Leadership and Compassion Competence of Community Mental Health Nurses. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:501-508. [PMID: 38804634 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241253535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compassion competence is a core nursing skill that is significant in understanding and alleviating the physical and mental distress of individuals. Self-leadership and nursing professional values are also reported as important factors in improving the clinical care practices of nurses and may have a positive effect on improving the compassion competence of nurses. However, there are few studies examining the relationship between these variables in community mental health nurses. AIM This study investigated the mediating effect of professional values on the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence of community mental health nurses. METHODS A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 121 community mental health nurses from 30 mental health welfare centers in South Korea. Participants completed self-report scales on self-leadership, nursing professional values, and compassion competence. Baron and Kenny's regression method and the Sobel test revealed significant mediating effects of nursing professional values on the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence. FINDINGS Participants' mean compassion competence scores were 3.57 (SD = 0.45) on a 5-point scale. Compassion competence positively correlated with self-leadership (r = 0.67, P < .001) and nursing professional values (r = 0.60, P < .001). Nursing professional values played a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence (Z = 3.23, P = .001). CONCLUSION Compassion competence of community mental health nurses can be improved by promoting self-leadership and nursing professional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won Hee Jun
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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Hernández-Xumet JE, García-Hernández AM, Fernández-González JP, Marrero-González CM. Exploring levels of empathy and assertiveness in final year physiotherapy students during clinical placements. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13349. [PMID: 38858441 PMCID: PMC11164891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Empathy and assertiveness are two essential soft skills for any healthcare professional's competence and ethical development. It has been shown that empathy can be influenced throughout the training of a future healthcare professional, particularly during the clinical placement period. This research aims to assess fourth-year physiotherapy students' empathic and assertive development before and after clinical placement. A longitudinal observational study was conducted with fourth-year physiotherapy students during the academic year 2022/2023. A preliminary assessment of empathy and assertiveness levels was carried out before the start of the clinical placement and at the end of the placement using the Individual Reactivity Index to assess empathy and the Rathus Test to assess assertiveness. The results show a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in both the empathy subscales of perspective-taking and empathic-concern between the pre- and postassessment, as well as an inverse correlation between the empathy subscale of personal distress and assertiveness. It is concluded that students show adequate results in empathy and assertiveness. However, there is some influence of clinical practice on the development of empathy, and future intervention studies need to be considered. Furthermore, students with higher levels of assertiveness have lower levels of personal distress, suggesting that assertiveness is closely related to empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Elicio Hernández-Xumet
- Movement and Health Research Group, Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Servicio Canario de La Salud, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | | | - Jerónimo-Pedro Fernández-González
- Movement and Health Research Group, Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
- Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife, Servicio Canario de La Salud, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Cristo-Manuel Marrero-González
- Movement and Health Research Group, Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
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Birgili F, Uğurlu NB, Dincer NG, Yazkan G, Alaca Ç, Acar F. Validity and reliability evaluation of the Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Int J Nurs Pract 2023:e13220. [PMID: 38044815 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index, an instrument to assess nurses' empathy. BACKGROUND A practical empathic approach is valuable for planning nursing interventions suitable for the patient's conditions and needs and increasing patient satisfaction. DESIGN This is a methodological study. METHODS The study was carried out at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Training and Research Hospital, recruiting a total of 358 nurses between January and February 2023. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine and validate the factor structure of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index. RESULTS The exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, all goodness of fit measures were within acceptable limits. Cronbach's α values were 0.89 for the total scale with 17 items and between 0.73 and 0.81 for the factors. In test-retest analyses, all intra-class correlation coefficients were higher than 0.7, and the correlations between the first and second applications of the scale were between 0.61 and 0.73. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index can be applied as a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate empathy in Turkish nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Birgili
- Department of Nursing Muğla, Health Sciences Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Nezihe Bulut Uğurlu
- Department of Nursing Muğla, Health Sciences Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Nevin Güler Dincer
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Muğla, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Güllü Yazkan
- Department of Nursing Muğla, Health Sciences Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Alaca
- Department of Nursing Muğla, Health Sciences Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Feyza Acar
- Department of Nursing Muğla, Health Sciences Faculty, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Liu Y, Ying L, Zhang Y, Jin J. The experiences of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:449. [PMID: 38037055 PMCID: PMC10687825 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical conditions and life risk scenarios make intensive care nurses susceptible to ethical conflict. Negative consequences were recognized at both the individual level and the professional level which highly compromised the patient care and nurses' well-being. Therefore, ethical conflict has become a major concern in nursing practice. However, the experience of coping with ethical conflict among intensive care nurses remains unclear. AIMS This study aims to explore the experience of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict in China. METHODS From December 2021 to February 2022, in- depth interviews with 15 intensive care nurses from five intensive care units in a tertiary general hospital in China was performed using purposive sampling. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. We applied the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research for this study. RESULTS Two distinctive themes were found: detachment and engagement, which contained four subthemes: ignoring ethical problems in the workplace, seeking ways to express emotions, perspective-taking, and identifying positive assets. Theses coping strategies demonstrated an ongoing process with different essential features. CONCLUSION This study provides a new insight into the experience of intensive care nurses coping with ethical conflict in clinical nursing. Intensive care nurses demonstrated differential experience of coping with ethical conflict including problem-focused, emotion-focused and meaning-making strategies. These findings have implications for policymakers and nursing administrators to develop ethical education and training and supportive environment for intensive care nurses to tackle this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Liu
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Ying
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingfen Jin
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine (SAHZU), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Changxing Branch Hospital of SAHZU, No.66 Taihu middle road, Changxing Country, Huzhou, 313100, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Türkmen E, Vaizoğlu D, Yeşilyurt T, Uysal N. Effect of moral sensitivity on professional values of undergraduate nursing students: Mediating effect of empathic tendency. J Prof Nurs 2023; 49:44-51. [PMID: 38042561 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of professional values in nursing students is an important issue for the nursing profession. However, the research on nursing students' professional values and its related factors is very limited. PURPOSE This cross-sectional and correlational study aimed to examine the mediating effect of empathy between moral sensitivity and professional values. METHODS This study was conducted with 328 second, third and fourth-year students. The participants completed an online survey consisting of the student information form, Modified Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire for Student Nurses, Empathic Tendency Scale and Nursing Professional Values Scale. RESULTS The results showed that moral sensitivity affected undergraduate nursing students' professional values not only directly but also indirectly through empathic tendency. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study show that moral sensitivity and empathic tendency support the acquisition of professional values in undergraduate nursing students. Nurse educators needs to realize that can be improved professional values by integrating moral sensitivity and empathic tendency in their curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Türkmen
- Istinye University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Doğancan Vaizoğlu
- Istinye University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tuğba Yeşilyurt
- Istinye University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nurcan Uysal
- Uskudar University Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ge Y, Ashwin C, Li F, Cao W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Sun B, Li W. The validation of a Mandarin version of the Empathy Components Questionnaire (ECQ-Chinese) in Chinese samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0275903. [PMID: 36701341 PMCID: PMC9879452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy involves both empathic ability and empathic motivation. An important topic has been how to measure empathic ability and motivation simultaneously in both clinical and non-clinical samples and across different cultures. The Empathy Components Questionnaire (ECQ) is a self-report questionnaire that measures empathic ability and motivation in a questionnaire. The current study aimed to validate the Mandarin Chinese version of the ECQ (ECQ-Chinese) in three Chinese samples. In study 1, a total of 538 Chinese participants (Sample 1) completed the ECQ-Chinese via an online survey, and existing measures of empathy and related constructs which were used for criterion validity. In study 2, a total of 104 participants (Sample 2) were recruited again from sample 1 and completed the ECQ-Chinese three weeks later to investigate test-retest reliability. In study 3, a further 324 participants (Sample 3) completed the ECQ-Chinese for confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the ECQ-Chinese has a good internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability, and criterion validity (Study 1), and a good test-retest reliability (Study 2). Further, Study 3 found that a 22-item ECQ-Chinese consisting of five subscales had a good construct validity, convergence validity and discriminate validity, demonstrating it to be a suitable tool for the measurement of empathic ability and motivation in Chinese samples and to carry out cross-cultural studies of empathy and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Ge
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Institute of Child Development, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Chris Ashwin
- Centre for Applied Autism Research, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Fengying Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Publicity Department, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Binghai Sun
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (WL)
| | - Weijian Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- * E-mail: (BS); (WL)
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Ireland PA, Topp M, Wensley C. Attitudinal Factors Influencing Quality Nurse-Led Mental Health Interventions in Primary Care Settings: An Integrative Literature Review. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022:1-8. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20221122-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bond C, Hui A, Timmons S, Charles A. Mental health nurses' constructions of compassion: A discourse analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:1186-1197. [PMID: 35607709 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compassion is an important element of contemporary nursing work. Compassion has been recognized as necessary for improving health outcomes. However, very little is known about how compassion is understood in the mental health practice setting. We conducted interviews with seven mental health nurses to explore their perspectives on compassion and views on compassion policy. Analysis of the data revealed that compassion was identified and discussed as Compassion as part of the person (and the profession); Compassion: Fundamental to the nursing role; Barriers to compassion; Perspectives on compassion policy. In addition, findings demonstrated ethical constraints on compassion in the mental health context, as well as the administrative burden on nurses more broadly, which was also a reported barrier to compassion. Mental health nurses identified compassion as fundamental to their clinical practice, yet compassion was impeded owing to practical and emotional constraints upon nurses. System-wide action must be taken to increase and support the mental health nursing workforce to strengthen the practice of compassion. This will be fundamental to improving health outcomes that are claimed to be enhanced by compassion. This study is reported according to the COREQ guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Bond
- Centre for Health Innovation, Leadership and Learning, Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ada Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Timmons
- Centre for Health Innovation, Leadership and Learning, Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ashleigh Charles
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Brunero S, Cowan D, Chaniang S, Lamont S. Empathy education in post-graduate nurses: An integrative review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2022; 112:105338. [PMID: 35367861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study reviews the outcomes of programmes teaching empathy to post-graduate nurses. BACKGROUND Nurses who are able to empathise with their patients, place themselves within a preferred position to deliver better patient outcomes. There have been substantial efforts to improve the empathy skill level of undergraduate nursing students, with success but understanding this skill level at the post graduate level is limited. DESIGN An integrated literature review of the qualitative and quantitative literature on nurse post graduate education programmes over the last 10 years was conducted. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Medline, Psych-Info, Google Scholar and hand searching of reference lists of relevant papers were used. REVIEW METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used for quality appraisal. RESULTS The review includes nine quantitative non randomised studies and one qualitative study. The findings suggest that empathy skills in post graduate nurses can be improved, but given the variation in the operational definition of empathy used, range in frequency and length of training and speciality specific requirements further work is needed to understand the use of 'empathy' in the post graduate nurse. CONCLUSION Future non university based or 'in house' empathy education in nursing should focus on the post graduate nurse and the needs of their clinical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Brunero
- Mental Health Liaison, Prince of Wales Hospital, Casual Academic Western Sydney University, Southern Cross University, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Darrin Cowan
- Mental health and Drug and Alcohol, Mid North Coast Health Service, Port Macquaire, NSW, Australia
| | - Surachai Chaniang
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Borromarajjonnani College of Nursing, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
| | - Scott Lamont
- Mental Health Liaison, Prince of Wales Hospital, Casual Academic Southern Cross University, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia
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Gerace A. Gentle gloves: The importance of self-compassion for mental health nurses during COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:3-7. [PMID: 34580979 PMCID: PMC8653245 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gerace
- College of Psychology, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Karvelytė M, Rogers J, Gormley GJ. 'Walking in the shoes of our patients': a scoping review of healthcare professionals learning from the simulation of patient illness experiences. Adv Simul (Lond) 2021; 6:43. [PMID: 34863312 PMCID: PMC8645154 DOI: 10.1186/s41077-021-00194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health professionals who have experienced ill-health appear to demonstrate greater empathy towards their patients. Simulation can afford learners opportunities to experience aspects of illness, but to date, there has been no overarching review of the extent of this practice or the impact on empathic skills. OBJECTIVE To determine from the evidence-what is known about simulation-based learning methods of creating illness experiences for health professions and the impact on their empathic skills. STUDY SELECTION Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework informed our scoping review of articles relevant to our research question. Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science) were searched, and a sample of 516 citations was screened. Following review and application of our exclusion criteria, 77 articles were selected to be included in this review. FINDINGS Of the 77 articles, 52 (68%) originated from the USA, 37 (48%) of studies were qualitative based and 17 (22%) used a mixed-methods model. Of all the articles in our scope, the majority (87%) reported a positive impact and range of emotions evoked on learners. However, some studies observed more negative effects and additional debriefing was required post-simulation. Learners were noted to internalise perceived experiences of illness and to critically reflect on their empathic role as healthcare providers. CONCLUSIONS A diverse range of simulation methods and techniques, evoking an emotional and embodied experience, appear to have a positive impact on empathy and could be argued as offering a complementary approach in healthcare education; however, the long-term impact remains largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Karvelytė
- Bachelor of Science in Human Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Janet Rogers
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gerard J Gormley
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Aoki Y, Katayama H. Development of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate nurses' empathy. Nurs Health Sci 2021; 23:862-870. [PMID: 34431189 PMCID: PMC9293200 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We determined the validity and reliability of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index in a sample of Japanese nurses. Participants were registered nurses at national university hospitals and nursing researchers in Japan. A postal questionnaire was conducted. Construct validity was analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity demonstrated using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index has an 18-item, two-factor structure with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.87 and 0.73. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a goodness-of-fit index of 0.917, an adjusted goodness-of-fit of 0.894, a root mean square error of approximation of 0.60, and a comparative fit index of 0.911. Correlation analysis between the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Interpersonal Reactivity Index indicated the factors were significantly correlated for empathic concern and perspective taking (r = 0.439-0.401). Test-retest assessment showed reliability coefficients for the first factor as r = 0.859 and the second factor as r = 0.709. The Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index demonstrated validity and reliability for Japanese nurses. The two factors evaluated perspective taking and unconditional positive regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Aoki
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Harumi Katayama
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kim BS, Lee M, Jang SJ. Hospital nurses' empathy and moral sensitivity toward elderly care: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2021; 30:2138-2146. [PMID: 34350659 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to explore factors that influence elderly caring attitudes, with a focus on empathy and moral sensitivity. BACKGROUND Medical and nursing needs of the elderly have escalated as a consequence of changes induced by aging and the associated diseases and disabilities. METHOD A cross-sectional study involving 229 nurses from four general hospitals in South Korea was conducted. Questionnaires assessing demographic and work experience information, empathy (Empathy Construct Rating Scale), moral sensitivity (Korean version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire) and elderly caring (Elderly Caring Attitude Scale) were used. Data were analysed using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The factors influencing the caring attitudes of nurses were empathy, moral sensitivity, preference for geriatric nursing and experience with continuing education in geriatric nursing. The explanatory power of this regression model was 59.4%. CONCLUSIONS Strategies to enhance empathy and moral sensitivity of nurses and education related to geriatric nursing might help improve elderly caring attitudes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Continued education in geriatric nursing should be provided for nurses caring for the elderly. In terms of nursing management and education, it is necessary to consider and develop strategies to improve the empathy and moral sensitivity of nurses toward elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Song Kim
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Lee
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Joo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Coventry TH, Russell KP. Clinical sympathy - A mixed method study of the relationship between the clinical nurse educator and the graduate nurse. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 55:103150. [PMID: 34293705 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM/OBJECTIVE This paper sought to investigate the influence of the supernumerary clinical nurse educator role on the newly qualified graduate nurses' professional development and successful transition to competent and confident practitioners in the acute care hospital environment. BACKGROUND The novice nurses learning in the inpatient clinical environment is affected by increasing patient acuity, complex conditions and organisational expectations. The supernumerary clinical nurse educator is uniquely positioned to prioritise these nurses' education through protected and available time to support adaption in the workplace culture and retention in the organisation. DESIGN A convergent mixed methods design was used to investigate the relationship between the supernumerary clinical nurse educator role through the opinions and experiences of the graduate nurse. METHODS Data were collected in February - July 2015 from graduate nurses from three hospital sites in a healthcare organisation in Western Australia. The research used online questionnaires (n = 39) and face to face interviews (n = 10). Analysis of quantitative data used descriptive statistics and qualitative data used thematic analysis. RESULTS Four main themes were identified. These were: acknowledges new and challenging experiences, available to provide constructive responses, sympathises with anxiety and missing in action. CONCLUSION The graduate registered nurses perceived that clinical sympathy provided by the clinical nurse educator was essential to their new role of frontline nurses influencing their delivery of quality patient care and as a practical solution to champion the graduate nurses' longevity in the future nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey H Coventry
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Henry Street, Fremantle 6160, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Kylie P Russell
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Henry Street, Fremantle 6160, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Moreno-Poyato AR, Rodríguez-Nogueira Ó. The association between empathy and the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship in mental health units: a cross-sectional study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2021; 28:335-343. [PMID: 32657511 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Empathy is one of the main attributes for establishing the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. Davis (1983) identified four components on an empathic response: perspective taking, fantasy, empathetic concern and personal distress. It is essential to deepen our knowledge on the influence of the dimensions of empathy for the construction and development of the therapeutic alliance during the different phases of the therapeutic relationship. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: A significant association exists between the dimensions of empathy and the construction and development of the therapeutic alliance during the different phases of the therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients in mental health units. This study shows that the nurses' perspective on the patient's situation improves the bond, and therefore, this skill is especially useful in the first phase or orientation phase of the therapeutic relationship. However, for the second phase or working phase of the therapeutic relationship, a greater empathic concern among nurses, together with less personal distress, improves collaborative goal setting with patients. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: It is important for mental health nurses to be aware of the importance of personal self-awareness and the emotional management of empathy for the construction and development of therapeutic relationships of quality with patients. Knowledge of the relationship between each of the dimensions of empathy in the different stages of the therapeutic relationship is useful for the design of educational programmes, by including training on empathic strategies. ABSTRACT: Introduction Empathy and its dimensions (perspective taking, empathic concern, personal distress and fantasy) are essential for establishing the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. It is important to know how this influences the construction and development of the therapeutic alliance during the different phases of the therapeutic relationship. Aim To examine whether the dimensions of empathy influence the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship within mental health units. Method A cross-sectional design was used to collect data to measure the therapeutic alliance and the different dimensions of empathy via an online form completed by nurses working at 18 mental health units. Linear regressions were used in the analysis. Results A total of 198 participants completed the questionnaires. Nurses established a greater therapeutic alliance with patients when they were able to adopt their patient's perspective and experience concern. Discussion Nurses' perspective taking is an influential factor impacting the nurse-patient bond in the orientation phase, whereas experiencing greater concern and decreased emotional distress were associated with improved therapeutic alliance in the working phase. Implications for practice These findings may help gain awareness among nurses of the importance of empathy in the nurse-patient relationships, as well as inform educational programmes, by including training in empathic strategies and emotional management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R Moreno-Poyato
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Nursing School, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Rodríguez-Nogueira
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, SALBIS Research Group, Health Sciences School, Universidad de León, Ponferrada León, Spain
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16
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Moreno-Poyato AR, Rodríguez-Nogueira Ó, Casanova-Garrigos G, El Abidi K, Roldán-Merino JF. The impact of a participatory intervention on the therapeutic relationship in mental health nurses: A multicentre study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:3104-3115. [PMID: 33748977 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of an intervention aimed at improving the therapeutic relationship, using the participatory-action research method, in terms of improving the quality of the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. DESIGN A single-group pre-post research design. METHODS Quantitative data were collected between January 2018 and June 2019 using an online form completed by nurses from 18 mental health units (N = 95). Data were collected before and after the intervention, which consisted of the design, implementation and evaluation of strategies to improve the therapeutic relationship through participatory-action research involving nurses. The Working Alliance Inventory-Short, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire and Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index were used. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used together with the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Two multiple linear regressions models were constructed. RESULTS Overall, the intervention improved the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. In addition, the results revealed that, above all, the improvement in evidence-based practice along with a decrease in nurses' personal distress were the factors associated with the improvement of the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship. CONCLUSION In mental health units, the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can be improved through participatory interventions that include the implementation of evidence-based practices. IMPACT This research examined the effects of an intervention aimed at improving the therapeutic relationship among nurses working at mental health units using participatory action research. The results show that the therapeutic relationship can be improved through participatory methods where evidence-based practice is implemented and enhanced among nurses, since a better therapeutic relationship along with reduced staff discomfort are determining factors that influence the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Institutional managers should promote participatory group interventions to enable nurses to develop evidence-based aspects of the therapeutic relationship together with expanding personal aspects and self-knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R Moreno-Poyato
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Nursing School, Universitat de Barcelona, L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Rodríguez-Nogueira
- SALBIS Research Group, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, Spain
| | | | - Khadija El Abidi
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F Roldán-Merino
- Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu Fundació Privada, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Esplugues de llobregat, Spain
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Steindl SR, Tellegen CL, Filus A, Seppälä E, Doty JR, Kirby JN. The Compassion Motivation and Action Scales: a self-report measure of compassionate and self-compassionate behaviours. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1893110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley R. Steindl
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cassandra L. Tellegen
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ania Filus
- The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emma Seppälä
- The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James R. Doty
- The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James N. Kirby
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Ortega-Galán ÁM, Pérez-García E, Brito-Pons G, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Carmona-Rega MI, Ruiz-Fernández MD. Understanding the concept of compassion from the perspectives of nurses. Nurs Ethics 2021; 28:996-1009. [PMID: 33663295 DOI: 10.1177/0969733020983401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high level of satisfaction of users of a health service is largely due to the fact that they receive excellent care from healthcare professionals. Compassionate care is an essential component of excellent care. But what do nurses understand compassion to be? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To analyse the concept of compassion from the perspective of nurses in the Andalusian Public Health System, Spain. RESEARCH DESIGN This is a qualitative study following the grounded theory model. Four focus groups and 25 in-depth interviews were conducted. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT A total of 68 nursing professionals working in the Andalusian Public Health System (Spain) participated. Theoretical sampling was used, with participants being recruited using the snowball technique. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Centro-Almería Health District (CEICA 27/9/17). FINDINGS From the analysis of the data, four themes emerged that helped to understand the concept of compassion according to nurses: 'Negative perception of the term compassion', 'Compassion and empathy as synonyms', 'Beyond empathy', and 'Effects of having a compassionate attitude'. DISCUSSION Nurses perceive the concept of compassion differently to each other and even contradictorily. This concept is imbued with cultural elements, which adds confusion to understanding it, and is even perceived as something negative similar to pity. CONCLUSION Nurses confuse the concepts of empathy and compassion as if they were synonymous. Before considering training in compassion for healthcare professionals, it is essential to clarify the concept of compassion through educational interventions.
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Gerace A, Rigney G. Considering the relationship between sleep and empathy and compassion in mental health nurses: It's time. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:1002-1010. [PMID: 32406147 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep plays a critical role in overall health, well-being, and daytime functioning. Provision of 24-hour care means that nurses undertake shift work and therefore have been found to commonly not get the recommended amount of sleep, resulting in sleep deprivation. Research to date has focused on how sleep deprivation impacts their cognitive performance (e.g., reaction time, memory consolidation); however, less considered is how nurses' sleep impacts on their ability to understand and provide emotional care to consumers. In this paper, we examine how sleep may influence nurses' ability to empathize and provide compassionate care, both of which are fundamental aspects of their work. We begin by considering the unique challenges nurses face as shift workers and the impact of sleep on physical and psychological functioning. We examine how empathy and compassion drive nurses' attempts to understand consumers' perspectives and experiences and motivate them to want to help those in their care. Work directly investigating the relationship between sleep and these processes indicates emotional recognition and experience are hampered by poor sleep, with greater compassion towards oneself or from others associated with better sleep. Much of this work has, however, been conducted outside of the nursing or health professional space. We discuss issues that need to be addressed in order to move understanding forward regarding how sleep impacts on mental health nurses' empathy and compassion, as well as how an understanding of the sleep-empathy/compassion link should be an important priority for nurse education and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gerace
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Rigney
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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