Nursing education development in China (1887-1949): influences on contemporary nursing

The development and challenges of public health nursing education in China from 1912 to 1949: A historical study

OBJECTIVE

To examine the development and challenges of public health nursing education in China during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949).

METHODS

This study utilized a historical research design that combined a social framework and a policy framework to explore the early history of public health nursing education in China. Historical data were collected from periodicals, newspapers, archives, books and other sources.

RESULTS

Public health was integrated into the nursing school curriculum for the first time during the period of the Republic of China, and health facilities and nursing schools conducted early explorations of public health nurse training. However, public health nursing education faced difficulties in terms of the curriculum, personnel training, and the localization of education.

CONCLUSIONS

The achievements and difficulties associated with public health nursing education in China during the period of the Republic of China provide a historical reference for the integration of public health into current basic nursing education and the compatibility between the training of public health nurses and practical needs. Comparative studies of early public health nursing education across countries are expected to offer a better understanding of current public health nursing education.

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Snizek-revised Hall's Professionalism Inventory Scale

Objective

This study was performed to assess the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Snizek-revised Hall’s Professionalism Inventory Scale (C-SR-HPIS).

Methods

Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the construct validity of the C-SR-HPIS. The average variance extracted (AVE) and square root of the AVE were calculated and correlation analyses were performed to test the convergent validity and discriminant validity, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient was used to test the internal consistency reliability.

Results

Data for 355 clinical nurses in mainland China were collected. Five factors were extracted, accounting for 58.86% of the total explained variance, and 20 items were selected for the C-SR-HPIS. The confirmatory factor analysis suggested good fitness of the modified model. The AVE was acceptable for convergent validity. The square roots of the AVE of the five factors were larger than their correlation coefficients with other factors, showing suitable discriminant validity. Cronbach’s α coefficient of internal consistency reliability of the overall scale was 0.76, indicating good reliability of the scale.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated good reliability and validity of the C-SR-HPIS and provides a quantitative tool for the assessment of nursing professionalism in China.

Reflections on Nursing Educational Advancement Within Diverse and Evolving National Cultural Contexts

As the development of nursing education becomes increasingly internationalized, it is tempting to focus on universal aspects of the discipline rather than explicitly emphasizing the distinct national cultures and contexts within which our profession and its educational styles and approaches have evolved. Capitalizing on an opportunity for comparative critical reflection on the relevant political, economic and social histories that have underpinned the development of nursing education in China, Brazil and Canada - three countries united by shared values about equity and access to health services - we sought to deconstruct the manner in which these forces have shaped the national differences in the way we conceptualize and deliver nursing education. On this basis, we examined the implications for the advancement of nursing education within each national context, recognizing the fundamental relevance of indepth critical reflection for optimizing nursing's advocacy capacity within each of our national health care and policy systems.

A review of the development and current status of wound ostomy continence nurses in the mainland of China

Wound ostomy continence nurses (WOC nurses), developed as an important part of clinical nurse specialists play an indispensable role in the management of ostomy, all kinds of chronic wounds and incontinent dermatitis. However, there exists a gap compared with developed countries and regions. This paper provides an overview of WOC nurses in China including origin and development, training and accreditation system, roles, values and management, in order to provide references for the development of WOC nurses in China.