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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carvalho Ó, Catarino SO, Henriques B, Torres O, Braem A, Souza JCM. Effect of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through traditional or flowable resin-matrix composites for restorative dentistry. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5679-5693. [PMID: 37592003 PMCID: PMC10492747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the light transmission through five different resin-matrix composites regarding the inorganic filler content. METHODS Resin-matrix composite disc-shaped specimens were prepared on glass molds. Three traditional resin-matrix composites contained inorganic fillers at 74, 80, and 89 wt. % while two flowable composites revealed 60 and 62.5 wt. % inorganic fillers. Light transmission through the resin-matrix composites was assessed using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monochromator before and after light curing for 10, 20, or 40s. Elastic modulus and nanohardness were evaluated through nanoindentation's tests, while Vicker's hardness was measured by micro-hardness assessment. Chemical analyses were performed by FTIR and EDS, while microstructural analysis was conducted by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS After polymerization, optical transmittance increased for all specimens above 650-nm wavelength irradiation since higher light exposure time leads to increased light transmittance. At 20- or 40-s irradiation, similar light transmittance was recorded for resin composites with 60, 62, 74, or 78-80 wt. % inorganic fillers. The lowest light transmittance was recorded for a resin-matrix composite reinforced with 89 wt. % inorganic fillers. Thus, the size of inorganic fillers ranged from nano- up to micro-scale dimensions and the high content of micro-scale inorganic particles can change the light pathway and decrease the light transmittance through the materials. At 850-nm wavelength, the average ratio between polymerized and non-polymerized specimens increased by 1.6 times for the resin composite with 89 wt. % fillers, while the composites with 60 wt. % fillers revealed an increased ratio by 3.5 times higher than that recorded at 600-nm wavelength. High mean values of elastic modulus, nano-hardness, and micro-hardness were recorded for the resin-matrix composites with the highest inorganic content. CONCLUSIONS A high content of inorganic fillers at 89 wt.% decreased the light transmission through resin-matrix composites. However, certain types of fillers do not interfere on the light transmission, maintaining an optimal polymerization and the physical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization mode. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised, leading to variable physical properties and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), SC, 88040-900, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Orlanda Torres
- Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit (UNIPRO), University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Lempel E, Szebeni D, Őri Z, Kiss T, Szalma J, Lovász BV, Kunsági-Máté S, Böddi K. The effect of high-irradiance rapid polymerization on degree of conversion, monomer elution, polymerization shrinkage and porosity of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:442-453. [PMID: 36918332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to compare the degree of conversion (DC), monomer elution (ME), polymerization shrinkage (PS) and porosity of two addition-fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) modified resin-based composites (RBC) light-cured with rapid- (RP), turbo- (TP) or conventional polymerization (CP) settings. METHODS Cylindrical samples (6-mm wide, 4-mm thick) were prepared from Tetric PowerFill (TPF) and Filtek One Bulk (FOB). Four groups were established according to the polymerization settings: 3s-RP, 5s-TP, 10s-CP and 20s-CP. Samples in 1 mm thickness with 20s-CP settings served as controls. The DC at the top and bottom surfaces was measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy. ME was detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. PS and porosity were analyzed by micro-computed tomography. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, multivariate analysis and partial eta-squared statistics were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS FOB showed higher DC values (61.5-77.5 %) at the top compared to TPF (43.5-67.8 %). At the bottom TPF samples achieved higher DCs (39.9-58.5 %) than FOB (18.21-66.18 %). Extending the curing time increased DC (except the top of FOB) and decreased ME. BisGMA release was the highest among the detected monomers from both RBCs. The amount was three-fold more from TPF. The factor Material and Exposure significantly influenced DC and ME. PS (1.8-2.5 %) did not differ among the groups and RBCs except for the lowest value of TPF cured with the 3s_RP setting (p = 0.03). FOB showed 4.5-fold lower porosity (p < 0.001). Significantly higher pore volume was detected after polymerization in 3s_RP (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE High-irradiance rapid 3-s curing of AFCT modified RBCs resulted in inferior results for some important material properties. A longer exposure time is recommended in a clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary.
| | - Donát Szebeni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 6, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, Ifjúság Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary; Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Pécs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Honvéd Street 1, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böddi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, Pécs 7624, Hungary
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Vermudt A, Kuga MC, Besegato JF, de Oliveira ECG, Leandrin TP, Só MVR, Moraes JCS, Pereira JR. Effect of Curing Modes on the Mechanical Properties of Commercial Dental Resin-Based Composites: Comparison between Different LEDs and Microwave Units. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194020. [PMID: 36235967 PMCID: PMC9571923 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin-based composites (RBCs) have transformed restorative dentistry and its procedures. However, the characteristics of RBCs have been modified over the years to enhance the physical and chemical properties of the materials. This context raises the need for studies that evaluate whether the properties of the RBCs that are commercially available are clinically adequate with different curing modes. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of commercial RBCs after undergoing different curing modes. Twenty-three RBCs of different classes were evaluated. For curing the specimens, a microwave (BMS45, Brastemp) (for 3 min at 450 W) and three LED units were used: an Emitter A Fit (Schuster (second generation)) (light-curing for 15 s with an irradiance of 1250 mW/cm2), VALO (Ultradent (third generation)) (light-curing for 15 s with an irradiance of 1100 mW/cm2), and Emitter Now Duo (Schuster (second generation)) (light-curing for 15 s with an irradiance of 1100 mW/cm2). A total of 670 RBC specimens of 8 mm in diameter and 1 mm in depth were obtained. Afterward, a biaxial flexure strength test was performed until the failure of the specimens, using a universal testing machine set at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. The same specimens were subjected to infrared spectroscopy for evaluating the degree of conversion. Tukey’s test was used for multiple comparisons at a significance level of 5%. The light-curing mode did not affect the flexure strength of the RBCs (p > 0.05), but the type and shade of RBCs did so (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the type of RBC directly interferes with the mechanical behavior of the material. However, the curing modes within the same RBC did not change the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alef Vermudt
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina–Unisul, 787 José Acácio Moreira Tubarão Street, Tubarão 88704-900, Brazil
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil
| | - João Felipe Besegato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Eliane Cristina Gulin de Oliveira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Thaís Piragine Leandrin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 1680 Humaitá Street, Araraquara 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University Federal of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Farroupilha, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Silos Moraes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 56 Brasil Avenue, Ilha Solteira 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Ricardo Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina–Unisul, 787 José Acácio Moreira Tubarão Street, Tubarão 88704-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-48-998564235
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Farzad A, Kasraei S, Haghi S, Masoumbeigi M, Torabzadeh H, Panahandeh N. Effects of 3 different light-curing units on the physico-mechanical properties of bleach-shade resin composites. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e9. [PMID: 35284327 PMCID: PMC8891468 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the microhardness, flexural strength, and color stability of bleach-shade resin composites cured with 3 different light-curing units. Materials and Methods In this in vitro experimental study, 270 samples were fabricated of bleach and A2 shades of 3 commercial resin composites (Point 4, G-aenial Anterior, and Estelite Sigma Quick). Samples (n = 5 for each trial) were cured with Bluephase N, Woodpecker LED.D, and Optilux 501 units and underwent Vickers microhardness and flexural strength tests. The samples were tested after 24 hours of storage in distilled water. Color was assessed using a spectrophotometer immediately after preparation and 24 hours after curing. Data were analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.001). Results Samples cured with Optilux exhibited the highest and those cured with LED.D exhibited the lowest microhardness (p = 0.023). The bleach shade of Point 4 composite cured with Optilux displayed the highest flexural strength, while the same composite and shade cured with Sigma Quick exhibited the lowest (p ≤ 0.001). The color change after 24 hours was greatest for the bleach shade of G-aenial cured with Bluephase N and least for the A2 shade of Sigma Quick cured with Optilux (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Light curing with polywave light-emitting diode (LED) yielded results between or statistically similar to those of quartz-tungsten-halogen and monowave LED in the microhardness and flexural strength of both A2 and bleach shades of resin composites. However, the brands of light-curing devices showed significant differences in color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Farzad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shahin Kasraei
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahebeh Haghi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Masoumbeigi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Torabzadeh
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Panahandeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Predicting transmitted irradiance through CAD/CAM resin composite crowns in a simulated clinical model. Dent Mater 2021; 37:998-1008. [PMID: 33836891 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To predict the clinically relevant transmitted irradiance that is available for luting when a CAD/CAM restoration is inserted. The influence of irradiance, exposure distance, light curing unit (LCU) angulation and direction of polymerization is analyzed when curing through crowns of different thicknesses. METHODS Three modern CAD/CAM resin-based composites (RBCs) were used to produce 45 crown-shaped specimens. The distance between fissure and crown base was set at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm (n = 5). Transmitted irradiance, while using a violet-blue LCU, was measured with a photo-spectrometer. 180 exposure conditions per specimen were investigated by variation in LCU curing mode, angulation, exposure distance and direction. Data was analyzed using univariate ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD (α = 0.05) and comparison of 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The CAD/CAM-RBC's decadic absorption coefficient ranges from 0.317 mm-1 to 0.387 mm-1 and the reflection correcting factor for crowns ranges from 0.305 to 0.337. Transmitted irradiance decreases significantly with increasing exposure distance and decreasing incident irradiance. For tilt angles greater than 10°, transmitted irradiances are significantly reduced (-11% for 20°, -23% for 30°). Significantly lowest transmitted irradiances were measured for vestibular curing direction (up to -15%). SIGNIFICANCE A calculation model can predict the transmitted irradiance through a CAD/CAM restoration in dependence of restoration thickness and radiant emittance. The practitioner can be supported by this model to adapt material choice of dental restoration and adhesive system to the individual situation. Variation in exposure conditions shows negative effect on the transmission of light and should be limited.
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Misinterpretation of ISO 4049 standard recommendations: Impact on Young's modulus and conversion degree of dental composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Makhdoom SN, Campbell KM, Carvalho RM, Manso AP. Effects of curing modes on depth of cure and microtensile bond strength of bulk fill composites to dentin. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190753. [PMID: 32638829 PMCID: PMC7340207 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and depth of cure (DOC) of bulk-fill composites cured by monowave (MW) and polywave (PW) LED units using different curing times. Methodology Three composites were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF), Filtek Bulk Fill (FBF), and Tetric EvoCeram (T; control). Flat dentin surfaces treated with adhesive (AdheSE Universal®, Ivoclar Vivadent) were bonded with 4 mm cylindrical samples of each bulk-fill composite material (n=6) and cured with monowave (Satelec) or polywave (Bluephase Style) curing units for 10 or 20 seconds. After 24 hours, teeth were sectioned into individual 0.9 mm2 beams and tested for µTBS. Failure modes were analysed. Moreover, the DOC scrape test (IOS 4090) was completed (n=5) following the same curing protocols. Two-way ANOVA (a=0.05) was performed, isolating light-curing units. Results For samples cured with the MW light-curing unit, no significant effects were observed in the µTBS results between any of the resin composite brands and the curing times. Conversely, when resins were cured with a PW light unit, a significant effect was observed for TBF resin. In general, bulk-fill composites presented greater DOC and longer curing time resulted in higher DOC for all composites. Conclusion The µTBS of the composites to dentin was not affected by the curing mode of the resins, except for TBF cured with PW light unit. Bulk-fill composites exhibit greater DOC than conventional resin-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Makhdoom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karen M Campbell
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ricardo Marins Carvalho
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adriana Pigozzo Manso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Influence of different light-curing units in surface roughness and gloss of resin composites for bleached teeth after challenges. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 102:103458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bohns FR, Leitune VCB, Balbinot GDS, Samuel SMW, Collares FM. Mineral deposition promoted by resin-based sealants with different calcium phosphate additions. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e101. [PMID: 31778472 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different calcium phosphates (CaPs) on the physical, biological, and remineralizing properties of experimental resin-based sealants (RBSs). Triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate (90wt%) and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (10wt%) were used to produce resin-based sealants. Hydroxyapatite (SHAp), α-tricalcium phosphate (Sα-TCP) and octacalcium phosphate (SOCP) were added to the sealants in a 10wt% concentration. One group without CaPs was used as the control group (SCG). The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed with Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, whereas cytotoxicity was tested with the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was used to assess the mechanical strength of the experimental RBSs. Sealed enamel was used for colorimetric assay. Mineral deposition was assessed with Raman spectroscopy after 7, 14, and 28 days of sample immersion in artificial saliva. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the surface morphology after 28 days of immersion. The addition of 10wt% of fillers significantly reduced the DC of sealants. SOCP groups showed reduced cell viability. Higher UTS was found for Sα-TCP and SHAp. The color analysis showed that SGC and demineralized teeth presented higher mismatches with the sound tissue. Mineral deposition was observed for SHAp and Sα-TCP after 7 days, with increased phosphate content and mineral deposits for SHAp after 28 days. RBS with the addition of 10% HAp promoted increased mineralization in vitro after 28 days, and did not affect cell viability, DC, mechanical properties, or RBS color in the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rocha Bohns
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Susana Maria Werner Samuel
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Mezzomo Collares
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Al-Zain AO, Eckert GJ, Platt JA. The Influence of Distance on Radiant Exposure and Degree of Conversion Using Different Light-Emitting-Diode Curing Units. Oper Dent 2019; 44:E133-E144. [DOI: 10.2341/18-004-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives:
To investigate the influence of curing distance on the degree of conversion (DC) of a resin-based composite (RBC) when similar radiant exposure was achieved using six different light-curing units (LCUs) and to explore the correlation among irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC.
Methods and Materials:
A managing accurate resin curing-resin calibrator system was used to collect irradiance data for both top and bottom specimen surfaces with a curing distance of 2 mm and 8 mm while targeting a consistent top surface radiant exposure. Square nanohybrid-dual-photoinitiator RBC specimens (5 × 5 × 2 mm) were cured at each distance (n=6/LCU/distance). Irradiance and DC (micro-Raman spectroscopy) were determined for the top and bottom surfaces. The effect of distance and LCU on irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC as well as their linear associations were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively (α=0.05).
Results:
While maintaining a similar radiant exposure, each LCU exhibited distinctive patterns in decreased irradiance and increased curing time. No significant differences in DC values (63.21%-70.28%) were observed between the 2- and 8-mm distances, except for a multiple-emission peak LCU. Significant differences in DC were detected among the LCUs. As expected, irradiance and radiant exposure were significantly lower on the bottom surfaces. However, a strong correlation between irradiance and radiant exposure did not necessarily result in a strong correlation with DC.
Conclusions:
The RBC exhibited DC values >63% when the top surface radiant exposure was maintained, although the same values were not reached for all lights. A moderate-strong correlation existed among irradiance, radiant exposure, and DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- AO Al-Zain
- Afnan O Al-Zain, BDS, MSD, PhD, King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - GJ Eckert
- George J Eckert, MS, Indiana University School of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - JA Platt
- Jeffrey A Platt, DDS, MS, Indiana University, Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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BinMahfooz AM, Qutub OA, Marghalani TY, Ayad MF, Maghrabi AA. Degree of conversion of resin cement with varying methacrylate compositions used to cement fiber dowels: A Raman spectroscopy study. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 119:1014-1020. [PMID: 29153746 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the degree of conversion of dental cement in relation to the number of methacrylate components are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the degree of conversion of single- and multicomponent methacrylate-containing dental cements around opaque and translucent fiber dowels at varying depths. MATERIAL AND METHODS Teeth were prepared for standard endodontic therapy, and a dowel space was created. Opaque and translucent fiber dowels consisting of Aestheti-Plus (AP) and FiberKleer were cemented with 4 methacrylate (MA)-containing cements, including RelyX U100 (R), which contains TEGDMA; Duolink (D), which contains TEGDMA and BisGMA; and Variolink N LC (V) and Breeze (B), which contain TEGDMA, BisGMA, and UDMA. Light-emitting diode polymerization was performed for 60 seconds. The specimens were immediately cut into halves and measured within the first hour at depths of 1, 3, and 5 mm using Raman spectroscopy, and the degree of conversion (DC) of resin cement was calculated. Data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and the Tukey multiple comparison test (α=.05). RESULTS The measured dowel regions were not significantly different at various depths (P=.10). The dowel and cement types significantly influenced the degree of conversion of the cement (P<.05). The V and B cements exhibited a higher DC than D and R cements. With AP dowels, the DC of cement D was lower than that of the V, B, and R cements. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the degrees of conversion of the tested resin cements were not affected by the tested dowel depths. Higher DC was found in cement with more than 2 types of flexible MA. Opaque dowels produced a lower DC than translucent dowels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah M BinMahfooz
- Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Qutub
- Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Y Marghalani
- Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed F Ayad
- Professor, Fixed Prosthodontics, Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abdulhamaid A Maghrabi
- Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Zain AO, Eckert GJ, Lukic H, Megremis SJ, Platt JA. Degree of conversion and cross-link density within a resin-matrix composite. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1496-1504. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan O. Al-Zain
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences; Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN
| | - George J. Eckert
- Biostatistician Supervisor; Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN
| | - Henry Lukic
- Research and Laboratories, American Dental Association Division of Science; Chicago IL
| | - Spiro J. Megremis
- Research and Laboratories, American Dental Association Division of Science; Chicago IL
| | - Jeffrey A. Platt
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences; Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis; Indianapolis IN
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Gonulol N, Ozer S, Tunc ES. Effect of a third-generation LED LCU on microhardness of tooth-colored restorative materials. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:376-82. [PMID: 26548449 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of different modes of a third-generation light-curing unit (LCU) (VALO) on the microhardness of restorative materials. DESIGN A microhybrid composite resin (Filtek(™) Z550), a giomer (Beautifil II), a compomer (Dyract eXtra) and a RMGIC (Photac(™) Fil) were used in the study. Three different modes of VALO were tested and a second-generation LCU (Elipar S10) was used as a control. The microhardness (VHN) was measured using a Vickers Hardness tester. Data were analyzed using two-way anova and post hoc Tukey's test (P < 0.05). RESULTS The Filtek Z550 group had the highest VHN values followed by Photac Fil, Beautifil II and the Dyract eXtra at both top and bottom surfaces, however the difference between Filtek Z550 and Photac Fil was not statistically significant for the bottom surfaces (P > 0.05). Of the different curing protocols tested, the VALO LCU in Mode 3 resulted in the lowest VHN values at both top and bottom surfaces (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the high-power mode of the VALO LCU can be recommended for clinical applications especially in pediatric patients, as it can shorten the time required to adequately polymerize resin-based tooth-colored restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Gonulol
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sezin Ozer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emine Sen Tunc
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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