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Odabasi D, Guler C, Kucukaslan D. Evaluation of the amount of residual monomer released from different flowable composite resins. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 38360710 PMCID: PMC10870472 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, resin materials are used in the restoration of permanent and deciduous teeth or as fissure sealants. The materials can contain different types of monomers (Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA). These monomers can be released into the oral cavity after polymerization. Residual monomers released from resin-containing restorative materials after polymerization have been reported to have negative effects on mechanical properties. The aim of our study is to evaluate the amount of residual monomers released after polymerization of different flowable composite resin materials using two different modes of LED light source. Composite disc samples (8 mm diameter/2 mm depth) prepared for each material group were polymerized using two different modes of the LED light device (Standard mode and extra power mode). HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) device was used to measure the amount of residual monomer release at 1 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days periods. Pairwise comparison of the differences between the materials was performed by Post-hoc test. For each residual monomer, the Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the difference between the materials in standard mode and the difference between the materials in extra power mode. According to the results of the study; Grandio flow flowable composite showed the highest release of TEGDMA and Bis-GMA while SDR® Flow flowable composite showed the lowest release of TEGDMA, Bis-GMA and UDMA. For all materials, the extra power mode resulted in more residual monomer release. TEGDMA and Bis-GMA release was detected in all tested flowable composites at all time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Odabasi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Guler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey
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Liu Y, Gong S, Li K, Wu G, Zheng X, Zheng J, Lu X, Zhang L, Li J, Su Z, Liu Y, Xie J, Chen J, Li Y. Coptisine protects against hyperuricemic nephropathy through alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Marques JFDL, Ferraz LN, Lopes BKB, Vasconcelos TAB, Teixeira TR, Lima DANL, Aguiar FHB, Miranda DDA. Assessment of influence of LED curing units used on microhardness of resin-modified glass ionomer sealants. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8666202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) is class of material that can be used as sealant for preventing and arresting the progression of caries in pits and fissures. As these are hybrid materials, their properties can be affected by factors related to the polymerization process. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different generations of LED curing units (Elipar DeepCure-L and VALO Grand) on Knoop microhardness values (KHN) of RMGI sealants (Clinpro XT and Vitremer). Methods: Forty cylindrical specimens (6mm ø x 1 mm high) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and divided into four groups (n=10) according to the type of RMGI and LED used. The KHN of the top surface of each sample was calculated 7 days after light-curing. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: Vitremer had higher KHN values than Clinpro XT after using both LEDs (p<0.0001), but especially when light-cured with the use of VALO Grand (p<0.0001). Whereas the KHN value of Clinpro was not influenced by the LED device (p>0.05). Conclusions: Top surface microhardness values of RGMI sealants were affected by both material composition and generations of LED curing units used. Third generation LED curing units seemed to be more efficient for the polymerization of RMGI-based sealants.
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Aquino Valverde AJ, Aguilar Vargas GDP, Díaz Fernández JM, Leiva Ramírez PA, Quintanilla Labajos DA, Atoche Socola KJ, Vidalón Pinto M. [Light-curing effectiveness using led lamps: a review]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e120. [PMID: 38389554 PMCID: PMC10880699 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1003-2022-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction LED lamps have a new light-curing technology which can be monowave or polywave, which allows it to reach more initiators such as camphorquinone, Lucirin TPO and Propanodione, which have a wide variety of advantages and disadvantages. These lamps have evolved over time, as have different ergonomics, longevity, systems and quality standards. Objective The objective of this literature review is to improve the clinician on the proper use of different LED lamps and how they influence the efficiency of resin photopolymerization. Material and methods Extensive research has been carried out in the existing literature on this topic. From the beginning of this information until April 18, 2022, the bibliographic search carried out includes 86 articles published in the Medline database through PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct and SciELO, and there is no language restriction. Results The photopolymerization effects of Polywave and Monowave LED lamps present significant differences between the compressive strength of the light-cured resin, with single-wave and polyvalent LED lamps where the types of light and lamp directly influence the compressive strength of the resin. composite resins. Conclusion The type of light and lamp directly affects the efficiency of the photopolymerization of the composite resin, so it is concluded that LED lamps with single wave technology (Monowave) produce a greater depth of photopolymerization than those with multiple wave technology (Polywave).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jacqueline Aquino Valverde
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Gina Del Pilar Aguilar Vargas
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - José Miguel Díaz Fernández
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Piero Aryed Leiva Ramírez
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Daleska Adriana Quintanilla Labajos
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Katherine Joselyn Atoche Socola
- Division de Rehabilitacion Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. Universidad Científica del Perú Division de Rehabilitacion Oral Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
| | - Marcia Vidalón Pinto
- Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Cientifica del Sur. Lima-Peru. , , , , , Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Cientifica del Sur Lima Peru
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Bayrak GD, Yaman-Dosdogru E, Selvi-Kuvvetli S. The Effect of Two Different Light-Curing Units and Curing Times on Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1885. [PMID: 35567054 PMCID: PMC9104037 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different light-curing units and curing times on the surface microhardness (SMH), compressive strength (CS), and volumetric shrinkage (VS) of four restorative materials (FiltekTM Z250, FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior, Beautifil® Bulk Restorative, ACTIVATM BioACTIVE). For all tests, each material was divided into two groups depending on the curing unit (Woodpecker LED-E and CarboLED), and each curing unit group was further divided into two subgroups according to curing time (10 s and 20 s). SMH was evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester, CS was tested using a universal testing machine, and VS was measured using video imaging. In all the restorative materials cured with Woodpecker LED-E, the 20 s subgroup demonstrated significantly higher SMH values than the 10 s subgroup. In both light-curing time subgroups, the CarboLED group showed significantly higher CS values than the Woodpecker LED-E group for all restorative materials except FiltekTM Bulk Fill Posterior cured for 20 s. ACTIVATM BioACTIVE showed significantly greater volumetric change than the other restorative materials. A higher curing light intensity and longer curing time had a positive effect on the SMH and CS of the restorative materials tested in this study. On the other hand, curing unit and time did not show a significant effect on the VS values of restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Deniz Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe, Bagdat Cd. No. 238, Istanbul 34728, Turkey; (E.Y.-D.); (S.S.-K.)
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Cender EU, Guler C, Odabasi D. The effects of polymerization mode and layer thickness on monomer released from bulk fill composite resins. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1442-1449. [PMID: 34657008 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_676_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Residual monomers released from composite resins have cytotoxic, mutagenic, and estrogenic effects. Mode of polymerization and application thickness are important for monomer release. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different modes of a third-generation light-curing unit (LCU) and layer thickness on residual monomer released from two different bulk-fill composite resins. A total of 80 samples were prepared for each bulk-fill composite using a mold. Each bulk-fill composite was divided into four groups according to polymerization mode (standard and extra power) and layer thickness (2 and 4 mm). In addition, four groups were divided into four subgroups according to time periods (1 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days). Methods and Material The samples were polymerized with VALO LED device. The amount of residual monomer was measured with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). All statistical analyses were processed using SPSS Version 23.0. The normal distribution of data was confirmed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normal Distribution Test and Shapiro-Wilk Normal Distribution Test. When the distribution was normal, parametric tests, Student's t test and one-way ANOVA, were used. When the distribution was not normal, non-parametric tests, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis testwere used. Results It was found that the standard mode of LCU produced lower amounts of TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA in both composite materials. In addition, when the layer thickness increased, TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA releases increased, too. Conclusions This study revealed that the amount of residual monomers released from bulk-fill composites was affected by layer thickness and polymerization time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Uslu Cender
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - C Guler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - D Odabasi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Sharafeddin F, Jowkar Z, Bahrani S. Comparison between the effect of adding microhydroxyapatite and chitosan on surface roughness and Microhardness of resin modified and conventional glass ionomer cements. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e737-e744. [PMID: 34512911 PMCID: PMC8412805 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the effect of chitosan (CH) and hydroxyapatite (HP) on the surface roughness and microhardness of a conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) and a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC).
Material and Methods 60 disk-shaped specimens (2mm x 6mm) were prepared in 6 groups; group I: CGIC, group II: RMGIC, group III: CGIC + 15% volume CH solution in liquid, group IV: CGIC +10% weight micro-HP in powder, group V: RMGIC + 15% volume CH, group VI: RMGIC + 10% weight micro-HP. After storage in deionized water at room temperature for 24 hours, the surface roughness and microhardness of the specimens were measured using a surface profilometer and Vickers microhardness (VHN) tester, respectively. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and paired t-test (P<0.05).
Results The microhardness values of RMGIC and CGIC decreased significantly with the addition of micro-HP (P<0.001). None of the CH-containing GICs showed significant changes in microhardness (P = 0.552). The VHN values of CGIC were higher than RMGIC, regardless of the added substance (P<0.001). The surface roughness (Ra) values (μm) of both RMGIC and CGIC decreased significantly with the addition of CH (P = 0.004). The incorporation of micro-HP into GICs did not have a significant effect on surface roughness values (P = 0.700). The RMGIC showed less Ra values compared to the CGIC regardless of the added substance (P<0.001). The lowest and highest Ra values were observed in RMGIC + CH and CGIC + micro-HP groups, respectively.
Conclusions The addition of CH to GIC and RMGIC reduced the surface roughness and did not have an adverse effect on the microhardness. Mixing GIC and RMGIC with micro-HP resulted in microhardness reduction and did not affect the surface roughness. Key words:Glass ionomer, hydroxyapatite, chitosan, hardness, surface roughness
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Professor, Biomaterials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Jowkar
- Assistant professor, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somaye Bahrani
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Almeida R, Manarte-Monteiro P, Domingues J, Falcão C, Herrero-Climent M, Ríos-Carrasco B, Lemos BF. High-Power LED Units Currently Available for Dental Resin-Based Materials-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2165. [PMID: 34208978 PMCID: PMC8271666 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of less time-consuming procedures led to the development of high-power light-curing-units (LCU) to light-cure dental-resin-based-materials. This review aims to describe high-power light-emitting-diode (LED)-LCUs, by a bibliometric systematization of in vitro and in vivo studies. The research-question, by PICO model, aimed to assess the current knowledge on dentistry-based high-power LED-LCUs by analyzing to what extent their use can promote adverse events on materials and patients' oral condition when compared to low-power LED-LCUs, on daily dental practice. PubMed and B-on database search focused on high-power (≥2000 mW/cm2) LED-LCUs outputs. Studies assessing performance of high-power LED-LCUs for light-curing dental-resin-based-materials were included. From 1822 screened articles, 21 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two marketed units with high levels of radiant emittance (≥2000 mW/cm2 up to 6000 mW/cm2) were identified. Most output values vary on 2000-3000 mW/cm2. The highest output found was 6000 mW/cm2, in FlashMax™P3. Reports suggest that light-curing protocols with lower emittance irradiance and longer exposure outperforms all other combination, however in some clinical procedures high-power LED-LCUs are advocated when compared to low-power LED-LCUs. Moreover, long time exposures and over-curing can be dangerous to the biological vital pulp, and other oral tissues. Evidence showing that high-power LCUs are the best clinical option is still very scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Almeida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Patricia Manarte-Monteiro
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
| | - Joana Domingues
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
| | - Carlos Falcão
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
- Porto Dental Institute, 4150-518 Porto, Portugal;
| | | | | | - Bernardo Ferreira Lemos
- Department of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal; (P.M.-M.); (J.D.); (C.F.); (B.F.L.)
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KAPDAN A, KAYA S, EREN D. Influence Of Different Led Curing-Units On Depth Of Cure and Micro-Hardness Of Nano-Hybrid Resin Composite. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.855065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Olmos-Olmos G, Teutle-Coyotecatl B, Román-Mendez CD, Carrasco-Gutiérrez R, González-Torres M, Contreras-Bulnes R, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, de Los Angeles Moyaho-Bernal M. The influence of light-curing time on fluoride release, surface topography, and bacterial adhesion in resin-modified glass ionomer cements: AFM and SEM in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1628-1637. [PMID: 33580609 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reinforced glass ionomer cements have been widely used in pediatric dentistry to prevent dental caries. However, the influence of biomaterial light-curing and its anti-cariogenic effects remain unclear. This study evaluates the influence of the light-curing time on fluoride release, surface topography, and bacterial adhesion in two types of resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). One hundred disks were made, and samples were divided into two groups (n = 50 per group), according to each dental material (Vitremer™ and Ketac™ N100), and also divided into different light-cured times (10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 s). They were placed in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) to measure the fluoride release. Subsequently, an independent sample of RMGICs per group was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Four disks per group were incubated in a brain heart infusion (BHI) medium that was inoculated with Streptococcus mutans GS5 to evaluate the bacterial adhesion by 3-4, [5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide cell viability assay (MTT assay). The fluoride release was related to the light-curing time and gradually decreased as the light-curing time increased in both materials. Surface topography in Vitremer™ presents more irregular surfaces than Ketac™ N100. For S. mutans adhesion, the smallest number of cells per milliliter (cell/ml) was found at 40 s for Vitremer™ and at 30 s for Ketac™ N100. Thus, the shorter light-curing times allowed for major fluoride release in both materials. However, the RMGICs showed different patterns of bacterial adhesion according to the brand and light-curing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Olmos-Olmos
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Estomatología, Academia de Odontología Pediátrica, Puebla, México
| | - Bernardo Teutle-Coyotecatl
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Cristian D Román-Mendez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Estomatología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Oral, Puebla, México
| | - Rosendo Carrasco-Gutiérrez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Estomatología, Academia de Odontología Pediátrica, Puebla, México
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- Conacyt-Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Laura E Rodríguez-Vilchis
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Odontología (CIEAO), Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Oliveira LC, dos Santos PH, Ramos FSS, Moda MD, Briso ALF, Fagundes TC. Wear, roughness and microhardness analyses of single increment restorative materials submitted to different challenges in vitro. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 22:247-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Influence of different light-curing units in surface roughness and gloss of resin composites for bleached teeth after challenges. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 102:103458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kaya MS, Bakkal M, Durmus A, Durmus Z. Structural and mechanical properties of a giomer-based bulk fill restorative in different curing conditions. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20160662. [PMID: 29364336 PMCID: PMC5777413 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The main goal of this study was to compare the polymerization degree of bulk-fill giomer resin cured with three different light-curing units (LCUs): a polywave third-generation (Valo); a monowave (DemiUltra: DU); and a second-generation LED (Optima 10: Opt) LCUs by using structural and mechanical properties. Material and methods Giomer samples of 2 and 4 mm cured with three LCUs were employed in vitro analysis. The degree of curing (DC%) was determined with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Microstructural features were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Flexural strength (FS), compression strength (CS), elastic modulus and fracturing strain were determined for mechanical properties. Surface microhardness (SMH) values were also measured. Oneway ANOVA, two-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison tests were used for statistically analyzing the FS and SMH. Results DC% values were 58.2, 47.6, and 39.7 for the 2 mm samples cured with DU, Opt., and Valo LCUs, respectively. DC% values of the 4 mm samples were 50.4, 44.6, and 38.2 for DU, Opt, and Valo, respectively. SMH values were Valo, Opt<DU at top of the samples; Valo<DU, Opt at 2 mm, and DU, Valo<Opt at 4 mm depth. Giomer samples cured with Opt and DU exhibited higher FS values than Valo. CS values were similar but compressive modulus and fracturing strain (%) varied depending on the curing protocol. Conclusions Based on the results, it can be concluded that curing device and protocol strongly affect crosslinking reactions and thus DC%, SMH, compressive modulus and strain at break values. Consequently, it can be deduced that curing protocol is possibly the most important parameter for microstructure formation of highly-filled composite restoratives because it may bring some structural defects and physical frailties on restorations due to lower degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sarp Kaya
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Bakkal
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Durmus
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Durmus
- Bezmialem Vakıf University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sharafeddin F, Shoale S, Kowkabi M. Effects of Different Percentages of Microhydroxyapatite on Microhardness of Resin-modified Glass-ionomer and Zirconomer. J Clin Exp Dent 2017. [PMID: 28638560 PMCID: PMC5474339 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main mineral component of the tooth structure, which exhibits considerable biological behavior and its incorporation might improve microhardness of dental materials. Microhardness of restorative materials, like glass-ionomer, is critical for the clinical longevity of restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of two glass-ionomers types by incorporating different percentages of microhydroxyapatite. Material and Methods In this study, 80 disc-shaped experimental specimens (6 mm in diameter, 2 mm in height) were prepared in 8 groups, including resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI, GC, Gold Label, Japan), zirconia-reinforced glass-ionomer (Zirconomer, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan), and their mixture with 0, 5, 15 and 25 wt% of microhydroxyapatite (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). All the specimens were stored in deionized water at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then Vickers microhardness test was carried out on the both sides of specimens and data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and paired t-test (P<0.05). Results Microhardness of Zirconomer and RMGI increased significantly due to adding 5 and 15 wt% of micrhydrox-yapatite (P<0.001). The highest Vickers hardness number (VHN) was recorded in the RMGI group with 5 wt% of microhydroxyapatite. In addition, in all the study groups RMGI exhibited higher microhardness values than Zirconomer (P<0.001). However, microhardness values decreased significantly after adding 25 wt% of microhydroxyapatite to Zirconomer (P<0.001). Similarly, VHN decreased in RMGI groups containing 25 wt% of HA compared to control groups (without HA) (P<0.001). Conclusions Incorporation of 5 and 15 wt% of microhydroxyapatite to RMGI and Zirconomer improved microhardness, while adding 25 wt% of HA decreased hardness with both experimental materials compared to the control groups (without HA). Key words:Microhardness, Resin-modified glass-ionomer, Zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer, Microhydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Professor of Dept. of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soodabe Shoale
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kowkabi
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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